VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAUM -590014

A Project rePort on

WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS OF HEMAVATHI RIVER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ABHISHEK (4GK13CV002)
ARPITHA S N (4GK13CV005)
SUNITHA BV (4GK13CVO57)
RAJU RG (4GK14CV406)
Under the guidance of:
Dr. SATHISHA N. S
Professor & Head of the Department
Civil Engineering

Department Of Civil Engineering

Government Engineering College, K.R Pet-571426
2016-2017
Department Of Civil Engineering
 Government Engineering College, K.R Pet-571426

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work entitled WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS OF

HEMAVATHI RIVER is a bonafide presentation carried out by following student . In partial

fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering from Visveswaraya
Technological University, Belagaum during the year 2016-17. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of project work
prescribed for the eighth semester bachelor of civil Engineering degree.

GUIDE H.O.D PRINCIPAL

(Dr. SATHISHA N S) (Dr. SATHISHA N.S) (Dr. K.C. KRISHNA)

HOD& Professor HOD& Professor Principal
Dept. of Civil Engg kr pete Dept. of Civil Engg, k r pete GEC, K.R. Pet

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature of Examiners

01

02
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are happy to present this project work after completing it successfully. Apart from the efforts of us,
the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We would
like to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to each and everyone who have been instrumental
in successful completion of this project.

We express our grateful thanks to our principle, Dr. KRISHNA K C, Principal, G.E.C., K R Pet, for
his help by providing all the facilities at atmosphere for creative work.

We gracefully thank our project guide, Dr. SATHISHA N.S, Professor and head of the department of
civil Engineering, G.E.C., K R Pete, for his encouragement and advice throughout the course of the project
and for conducting session for project to complete it in time.

We are thanking to our project coordinator Mr. JAYA PRASAD. B, Assistant professor, of civil
Engineering Department. G.E.C., K R Pet, for conducting session for project to complete it in time

We have immense pleasure in expressing our heartful thanks to Technical service division
Environmental Engineering laboratory, PES college of Engineering Mandya.

Finally, we thank all the teaching and non teaching staff of civil Engineering department, who has
imparted considerable knowledge to us during the preparation of this thesis. We feel short of words to express
my hearful thanks all our family members and friends and all those who have directly or indirectly helped us
during our course.

ABHISHEK

ARPITHA S.N

SUNITHA B. V

RAJU R. G
ABSTRACT
India is blessed with enough water resources. But due to uneven distribution and erratic rainfall, water
scarcity is felt in many parts of the country. In addition to the population growth, urbanization and
industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing
urban and sub urban population is going to be a big challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy
makers and environmentalists. River water is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas.

Sampling of surface water from Hemavathi River, flowing in the city of K.R.PET at the sugar
industries of state Karnataka, was carried out and based on the various physiochemical parameters analyzed a
study was performed. A total three different sampling sites were chosen at the downstream side, upstream side
and at the disposing industrial wastes at that station. And the samples of water were collected during the
month of February, March and April of those stations. Tests were performed by analyzing seventeen
parameters namely Colour, Alkalinity, Temperature, Odour, Turbidity, PH, Conductivity, Total dissolved
solids, Total hardness, Dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, Fluoride,
Chlorine, E-Coil. The test results were compared with the standard permissible limits of the different
parameters prescribed by various regulatory bodies. And also Heavy metal analyses were done at the station
of sample station due to the disposal of sugar industries. It was found that the water was comparatively
polluted in the industries area. So appropriate precautions measure will be taken to discharge the industries
wastes separately without discharging into the River.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 01
1.1General ................................................................................................................................ 01
1.2 Water quality ...................................................................................................................... 02
1.3 Water quality analysis ........................................................................................................ 03
1.4 Types of water pollution .................................................................................................... 04
1.5 Objectives of the study:- .................................................................................................... 04
CHAPTER 02

LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 05

2.1. Literature review on River water ...................................................................................... 05
2.2 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................... 08
2.3 Scope of the investigation .................................................................................................. 08
2.4 River water quality ............................................................................................................. 08
2.5 Sources of River water Contamination .............................................................................. 09
2.6 Control River Pollution ...................................................................................................... 10
2.7 Five major causes for River water pollution in India......................................................... 10
2.8 We should contribute to make the rivers clean .................................................................. 10
2.9 Procedures of Water Quality Analysis ............................................................................... 11
2.10 Water quality tests parameters ......................................................................................... 15
2.11 Environmental significance of parameters ....................................................................... 16
2.12 Water borne diseases ........................................................................................................ 19
2.13 Prevention and Control of water borne diseases .............................................................. 21
CHAPTER 03

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA .............................................................................. 23

3.1 About K R Pet town ........................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Town profile ....................................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Population growth and density ........................................................................................... 23
 3.4 Geomorphology .................................................................................................................. 23
3.5 River water sampling in the Study area ............................................................................. 24
3.6 Irrigation ............................................................................................................................. 26
3.7 Climate ............................................................................................................................... 26
3.8 River water related problems ............................................................................................. 26
CHAPTER 04

METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION............................................................................ 27
4.1 Sequence of Investigation .................................................................................................. 27
4.2 Sampling............................................................................................................................. 27
4.3 River water sampling in the Study area ............................................................................. 27
4.4 Analysis of River water Samples ....................................................................................... 28
4.5 Experiment ......................................................................................................................... 28
4.6 Experimental Procedures.................................................................................................... 29
CHAPTER 05

RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................. 38

5.1 Experiment Result .............................................................................................................. 39
5.2 PH ....................................................................................................................................... 51
5.3 Conductivity ....................................................................................................................... 52
5.4 Turbidity ............................................................................................................................. 53
5.5 Total Dissolved Solids ....................................................................................................... 54
5.6 Total Hardness: .................................................................................................................. 55
5.7 Dissolved Oxygen: ............................................................................................................. 56
5.8 Calcium Hardness .............................................................................................................. 57
5.9 Magnesium Hardness: ........................................................................................................ 58
5.10 Fluoride ............................................................................................................................ 59
5.11 Chlorides: ......................................................................................................................... 60
5.12 Total Alkalinity: ............................................................................................................... 61
5.13 Colour ............................................................................................................................... 62
5.14 E-coli ................................................................................................................................ 63
 5.15 BOD.................................................................................................................................. 64
5.16 COD.................................................................................................................................. 65
5.17 Heavy metal analysis ........................................................................................................ 66
CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 68
RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................................ 71
REFFERENCE .......................................................................................................................... 72
LIST OF TABLES

TABLES PAGE NO
Table 2.2 Disease caused by various microbial and general symptoms .21

Table 5.1 Water quality specified by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and World Health
Organisation (WHO) standards .38
TRAIL NO 01
Table 5.2water quality analysis of sample station 0139

Table 5.3water quality analysis of sample station 02 ..40

Table 5.4water quality analysis of sample station 0341

TRAIL NO 02
Table 5.5water quality analysis of sample station 0142
Table 5.6water quality analysis of sample station 02...,,,,.43
Table 5.7water quality analysis of sample station 03....44
TRAIL NO 03
Table 5.8water quality analysis of sample station 0145
Table 5.9water quality analysis of sample station 02 ...46
Table 6.0water quality analysis of sample station 0347
AVERAGES
Table 6.1water quality analysis of sample station 01..48
Table 6.2water quality analysis of sample station 02..49
Table 6.3water quality analysis of sample station 03 ..50
LIST OF ABBREVIATION

APHA American public health association

BIS Bureau of Indian standards

BOD Biological oxygen demand

COD chemical oxygen demand

Do Dissolved oxygen

EPA Environmental protection agency

EDTA ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

ISA Indian institutions for standardization

Mg/L Milligrams per litre

M Meter

Mm Millimetre

M3 meter cube

Msl mean sea level

NTU Nephelon turbidity unit

Ppm Parts per millions

S Samples

WHO World health organization

Mmhos/cm Micro mhos per centimetre

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures

Figure 4.1 Map with study area 28

Figure 5.1 ph 51

Figure 5.2Conductivity 52

Figure 5.3 Turbidity 53

Figure5.4 Total Dissolved solids 54

Figure5.5 Total hardness 55

Figure 5.6 Dissolved oxygen 56

Figure 5.7 Calcium hardness 57

Figure 5.8 Magnesium hardness 58

Figure 5.9 Fluoride 59

Figure 5.10 Chloride 60

Figure 5.10 Alkalinity 61

Figure 5.11 Colour 62

Figure5.12 E-coli 63

Figure 5.13 BOD 64

Figure 5.14 COD 65