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Functions of NEs
eNodeB
Radio resource management, including radio bearer control, radio admission
MME selection
MME
Paging message distribution
Security control
S-GW
Termination of user plane packets that are generated for paging reason
These base stations can be classified into single- and multi-mode base stations according to
provided services.
A single-mode base station (GBTS, NodeB, or eNodeB) can provide services for only one
mode (GSM, UMTS, or LTE), respectively.
A multi-mode base station (MBTS) can provide services of multiple modes. MBTSs are
classified into dual-mode and triple-mode base stations according to provided services.
A dual-mode base station, providing services of two modes, can work in GSM and
UMTS (GU), GSM and LTE (GL), or UMTS and LTE (UL) mode.
A triple-mode base station, providing services of three modes, can work in GSM, UMTS
and LTE (GUL) mode.
There is only distributed base station for TDD mode currently.
eNodeBs are designed based on a distributed architecture. Each eNodeB consists of two basic
types of component: baseband unit BBU3900 and Radio Frequency (RF) unit.
Logical structure of an eNodeB is as following
AAU: active antenna unit, The AAU incorporates the functions of radio frequency (RF)
modules and antenna systems
The BBU is a baseband processing unit and centrally manages the entire base station.
The BBU provides the following functions:
Manages the entire base station system in terms of operation, maintenance, signaling
processing, and system clock.
Processes uplink and downlink data, and provides common public radio interfaces
(CPRIs) for the communication between the BBU and RF modules.
Provides physical ports for information exchange between the base station and the
transport network.
Provides an OM channel between the base station and the operation and maintenance
center (OMC).
Provides ports for receiving and transmitting signals from environment monitoring
devices.
BBUs are classified into two types: BBU3900 and BBU3910. With a case structure, BBUs can
house different types of boards and modules.
Compared with BBU3900, BBU3910 strengthened the back board exchange capacity: the
swap bandwidth between every two intercommunication trough positions approximately of
BBU3910 is BBU3900s two times .
LMPT/UMPT
The LTE Main Processing and Transmission Unit (LMPT) or the Universal Main Processing and
Transmission Unit (UMPT) is the main control and transmission unit of the BBU3900 (BBU3910).
It manages the entire eNodeB in terms of OM and signaling processing and provides clock
signals for the BBU3900 (BBU3910).
The UMPT is classified into five types: UMPTa1 to support UMTS. UMPTa2, UMPTa6 and
UMPTb2 to support LTE. UMPTb1 to support GSM, UMTS, LTE.
LBBP/UBBP
The LTE Baseband Processing Unit (LBBP) or universal baseband processing unit (UBBP) is the
baseband processing unit of the BBU3900(BBU3910). It processes baseband signals and CPRI
signals.
FAN
The FAN module controls the fan speed and monitors the temperature of the module. It
dissipates heat for boards and modules of the BBU3900(BBU3910).
UPEU
The Universal Power and Environment interface Unit (UPEU) is the power module of the BBU. It
converts +24 V DC or -48 V DC power into the power required for boards and modules of the
BBU3900(BBU3910) and provides ports for transmission of external monitoring signals and
eight dry contact signals.
UTRP
Universal transmission processing unit expands transmission capabilities.
Control Subsystem : The functions of the control subsystem are implemented by the
LMPT/UMPT. This subsystem performs OM functions, processes signaling, and provides
the system clock. It manages the entire eNodeB
The OM functions include configuration management, fault management,
performance management, security management, and deployment.
The signaling involves Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) signaling on the
Uu interface and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) signaling on the S1
and X2 interfaces.
The system clock can be one of the following types: Global Positioning System
(GPS), IEEE1588 V2, synchronous Ethernet, or Clock over IP
Transport Subsystem: The functions of the transport subsystem are implemented by the
LMPT/UMPT and UTRP
Provides ports for communication between the eNodeB and the EPC
Provides the OM channel between the eNodeB and the Local Maintenance
Terminal (LMT) or U2000
Provides ports for communication between the eNodeB and 2G/3G base stations
so that the E1/T1 transmission resources can be shared by the eNodeB and the
2G/3G base stations
System Reliability
Cold redundancy of main control boards In a BBU3900, two LMPT ( or two UMPT)
boards are configured and work in active/standby mode. If the active LMPT (or
UMPT) board experiences a major fault, an active/standby switchover is
automatically performed. An active/standby switchover can also be performed if a
user runs the switchover command.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) channel backup The U2000 detects channel
connectivity by employing the handshake mechanism at the application layer. If
detecting that the active channel is disconnected, the U2000 instructs the eNodeB
through the standby channel to perform a channel switchover. The eNodeB
automatically switches from the route for the active channel to the route for the
standby channel.
Route backup Route backup enhances transmission reliability by using a pair of
primary and secondary routes to the same destination. The routes are prioritized:
A higher priority is set for the primary route, and a lower priority for the
secondary route.
The port is used for four E1/T1 signal inputs and outputs between
DB26
E1/T1 port 1 the UMPT and the universal E1/T1 lightning protection unit (UELP)
female
or between base station controllers.
The GPS ports on the UMPTa1, UMPTa2, and UMPTb1 are reserved.
The GPS ports on the UMPTa6 and UMPTb2 are used for
GPS SMA 1
transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals received from the antenna
to the satellite card.
CI SFP 1 The port is used for BBU interconnection.
Before accessing the base station through the ETH port, ensure that an OM port has been
opened and the user has obtained required authorities for accessing the base station
through the OM port.
The security of the USB port is ensured by encryption.
The TST port is used for commissioning the base station rather than importing or
exporting the base station configuration.
The following table describes the six CPRI ports and one HEI port on a UBBP.
Quantity of CPRI
Silkscreen Connector Description
Ports
They are the data transmission ports
SFP female connecting the BBU to RF modules, and
CPRI0 to CPRI5 6
connector support the input and output of optical
and electrical transmission signals.
HEI QSFP connector 1 Reserved
RF modules modulate and demodulate baseband and RF signals, process data, amplify
power for signals, and conduct voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) tests.
RFU
Radio frequency units (RFUs) perform modulation, demodulation, data processing
and power amplification of RF and baseband signals, and conduct voltage
standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
RRU
Remote radio units (RRUs) perform modulation, demodulation, data processing,
and power amplification of baseband and radio frequency (RF) signals, and
conduct voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
AAU
The AAU incorporates the functions of radio frequency (RF) modules and antenna
systems.
Radio frequency units (RFUs) are used in a macro base station to perform modulation,
demodulation, data processing and power amplification of RF and baseband signals, and conduct
voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
CRFUd, LRFUe, MRFUd and MRFUe modules must be used with the BTS3900 (Ver.C), BTS3900L
(Ver.C), BTS3900A (Ver.C), or BTS3900AL (Ver.A) cabinet.
CRFUd supports two carriers. The bandwidth per carrier is 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz; the total
bandwidth between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the spectrums for
two carriers does not exceed 40 MHz.
LFRU supports one carrier with a bandwidth of 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz in the 2600 MHz band.
LRFUe supports two carriers. The bandwidth per carrier is 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz; the total
bandwidth between the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency of the spectrums for
two carriers does not exceed 30 MHz.
MRFU supports one carrier with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz in the 900MHz band, or
one carrier with bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz in the 1800MHz band.
MRFUd supports two carriers with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz, the output power per
carrier is,
2 x 60W, When support one carrier with a bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz
MRFUe supports two carriers with a bandwidth of 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz, the output power per
carrier is,
with a bandwidth of 5/10/15/20 MHz: 1*60W / 2*60W
LRFU Ports
Remote radio units (RRUs) are used in a distributed base station to perform modulation,
demodulation, data processing, and power amplification of baseband and radio frequency
(RF) signals, and conduct voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
AWSAdvanced wireless service 1.7G or 2.1G
Remote radio units (RRUs) are used in a distributed base station to perform modulation,
demodulation, data processing, and power amplification of baseband and radio frequency
(RF) signals, and conduct voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detection.
AWSAdvanced wireless service 1.7G or 2.1G
Ports
STMA (Smart Tower-mounted Amplifier) mode. In this mode, the distance between the
RRU and the RCU is longer than 20 m and the TMA is required for the eNodeB.
A command is sent to the BBU on the U2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU transfers the DC power and the
OOK (On-Off-Keying ) signals to the STMA from the connector on top of the
cabinet. The STMA demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals and then
supplies the RS485 signals and part of the DC power to the RCU.
SBT( Smart Bias-Tee ) mode. In this mode, the distance between the RRU and the RCU is
longer than 20 m and the TMA is not required for the eNodeB.
A command is sent to the BBU on the U2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU transfer the DC power and the OOK
signals to the SBT from the connector on top of the cabinet. The SBT
demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals and then supplies the RS485
signals and part of the DC power to the RCU.
Direct connection through multi-core cables. In this mode, the distance between the RRU
and the RCU( Remote Control Unit ) is shorter than 20 m.
A command is sent to the BBU on the U2000 or the LMT, and then the BBU
transfers that command to the RRU. The RRU modulates the command to RS485
signals, and then transfers the signals and the DC power to the RCU through
multi-core cables.
In the case, RCU of Huawei and the SBT of Kathrein are configured.
The RCU (Remote Control Unit) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical
antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the
stepper motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and
the phase shifter adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control
interface of the RCU.
The SBT (Smart Bias-Tee) provides DC power supply and control commands through the
feeder for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side. The SBT provides the
following functions:
The SBT converts the control commands that are modulated with OOK by the
feeder into the RS485 signals and transfers the signals to the RCU.
The SBT converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and transfers
the signals to the feeder.
The SBT divides and sends the RF signals and control signals from the feeder to
the antenna and the RCU.
The SBT transmits the direct current from the feeder to the RCU.
The advanced power module APM30 is a power backup system for outdoor applications.
It provides the DBS3900 with 48 V DC power and backup batteries. It also provides
space for the BBU3900 and customer equipment to facilitate rapid network deployment.
With -48V 24Ah build-in batteries:5U space
Without build-in batteries:7U space
Optional or Max.Config
Module Mandatory Per Cabinet Remarks
1. TEC Mandatory 1 The TEC is installed in the protecting hood for
the TEC on the front door of the cabinet. The
TEC consists of the TEC module, inner air
circulation fan, outer air circulation fan, heat-
dissipation piece, and monitoring board.
2. Mandatory 1 The CMUA provides functions of temperature
CMUA control, Boolean alarm detection, and ELU
identification of the cabinet.
3. Power Mandatory 1 The power distribution box is installed on the
Distribut upper right of the cabinet, transferring and
ion box distributing power to the TEC or fan and to
the batteries.
4. Mandatory 8 The battery provides long-duration backup
Battery power for a base station.
The TMC can be configured when more space is required for transmission
equipment. The cabinet, used outdoors, is small in size and easy to transport. The
TMC dissipates heat through a breathable film and fans. The BBU3900 can be
installed in the TMC.
A TMC can provide a maximum of 11 U space for customer equipment.
TMC11H providing space for the transmission equipment, as shown in A
TMC11H configured with the BBU3900 in the -48 V DC power supply scenario, as
shown in B
Star topology
Advantage: Each eNodeB is connected directly to the MME through the transport
network. Therefore, this simple topology features easy engineering, maintenance, and
capacity expansion; Each eNodeB exchanges data with the MME directly. Signals travel
through only a few nodes, and therefore network reliability is high
Disadvantage: Compared with the other two topologies, the star topology requires more
transmission resources
Chain topology & Tree topology
Advantage: The costs of transmission equipment, engineering, and transport line lease are
relatively low
Disadvantage: Signals travel through many nodes, and therefore network reliability is low.
Each lower-level eNodeB occupies some transmission bandwidth of its upper-level
eNodeB. Reliability of the upper-level eNodeB affects operation of the lower-level eNodeB.
System Reliability
Route backup
Route backup enhances transmission reliability by using a pair of primary and
secondary routes to the same destination. The routes are prioritized: A higher
priority is set for the primary route, and a lower priority for the secondary route.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) channel backup
The U2000 detects channel connectivity by employing the handshake mechanism
at the application layer. If detecting that the active channel is disconnected, the
U2000 instructs the eNodeB through the standby channel to perform a channel
switchover. The eNodeB automatically switches from the route for the active
channel to the route for the standby channel.