Px40 PRP IEC62439

Parallel Redundancy Protocol

Ethernet
Ethernet for power Utility

Ethernet has become the main technology in utility domain for

Protection & Control
Replacing legacy analogue copper wired infrastructure
Replacing legacy serial communication (RS485 etc)
Replace legacy proprietary protocol to well standardized protocol:
IEC 61850

But Ethernet has to cope with several issues

Cyber security (easier remote access)
No quality of Service (a sent message can be lost)
Not so easy to understand and to configure for power Engineers
Bringing new challenges when testing the Substation functions
Protocol like IEC 61850 imposing high Availability

Schneider Electric - End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 3
Ethernet protocol needs for Power Utility

To ensure IEC 61850 messaging, Ethernet should guaranty:

Availability of the goose transmission / Ensure no data is lost.
A GOOSE is transported by a pure Ethernet frame therefore without any data layer ensuring that the packet is
received (like MMS)
IEC 61850 protocol is specifying a fast repetition to avoid any loss of information

Have the shortest Ethernet network reconfiguration time

In case of a link is cut we have to avoid to loose messages / packets and especially in case of avalanche or trip
order
But during this reconfiguration time there is no message exchange between application/IEDs

Schneider Electric - End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 4
Ethernet protocol Techniques
Redundancy is a must have for Protection Schemes based on
GOOSE and especially for high availability environment
(substation, electro intensive user, etc)
2 kinds of redundancy techniques exist:
Active redundancy:

Both links are active at the same time

Passive redundancy:

One link is active, the other one is in standby mode

The network reconfiguration takes time

Schneider Electric - End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 5
Ethernet protocol Techniques
Redundancy is a must have for Protection Schemes based on
GOOSE and especially for high availability environment
(substation, electro intensive user, etc)
Many Redundancy protocols exist:
Standardized STP, RSTP (passive redundancy)

The reconfiguration time is N milliseconds * Nb of Nodes =>

Leading to up to 200 ms without communication (N from 5 to 50ms)
Proprietary: eRSTP, SHP, DHP, etc

These protocols are proprietary and thus do not allow mix of

manufacturers. It is challenging to create a substation with different
main1/main2 makes
Standardized HSR, PRP (active redundancy)

This is what is presented here, it is bringing:

Interoperability and interchangeability
0 ms reconfiguration time thus no loss of data
Full compatibility with the IEC 61850 requirements

Schneider Electric - End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 6
PRP
Parallel Redundancy Protocol
PRP (IEC 62439-3 Clause 4)
Ethernet redundancy method independent of any Ethernet protocol
Seamless (0ms) switchover and recovery in case of failure thus supports real-
time communication
Redundancy supervised continuously for device management
Suitable for hot swap - 24h/365d operation in substations
Allows
Mixing single and double network attachment devices on the same LAN (not
redundant and redundant devices)
Thus connect laptops and workstations to the network with standard Ethernet
adapters (not redundant devices)
Uses off-the shelf components (network interfaces, controllers, switches)
Supports any network topology (Star, Ring, Mesh)
Suited particularly for substation automation, high-speed drives and
transportation

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 PRP Network Architecture
PRP A frames source
PRP B frames
standard frames DANP
DANP = Doubly Attached Node
SAN = Singly
(PRP)
Attached
Node

switch switch

Local Area Network A Local Area Network B

switch switch switch switch

SAN DANP DANP DANP DANP DANP SAN SAN

destinations destinations

Two Ethernet networks (LANs) , completely separated, operate in parallel.

Each doubly attached node with PRP (=DANP) has an interface to each LAN.
A DANP source sends a frame simultaneously on both LANs.attention
A DANP destination receives in normal operation both frames and discards the duplicate.
A singly attached destination only receives one.
If aSchneider
LANElectric
fails, a DANP destination operates with the frames from the other LAN.
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 PRP Network Architecture
PRP A frames source
PRP B frames SAN = Singly
standard frames Attached
DANP
DANP = Doubly Attached Node Node
(PRP) = RedBox
(SAN / PRP)

switch switch

Local Area Network A Local Area Network B

switch switch switch switch

SAN DANP DANP DANP DANP DANP SAN SAN

destinations destinations

Two Ethernet networks (LANs) , completely separated, operate in parallel.

Each doubly attached node with PRP (=DANP) has an interface to each LAN.
A DANP source sends a frame simultaneously on both LANs.attention
A DANP destination receives in normal operation both frames and discards the duplicate.
A singly attached destination only receives one.
If aSchneider
LANElectric
fails, a DANP destination operates with the frames from the other LAN.
- End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 10
Px40 Network Topology example

LAN A LAN B

Px4x Px4x Px4x

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Frame identification

PRP
PRP tag is at the end of the frame in order to be interoperable with todays (not PRP) switches

HSR
HSR tag is at the beginning of the frame in order to transmit further without delay

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PRP in Px4x
Px4x PRP relays

PRP is available in the following existing Ethernet board:

2 optical links 100 Base FX Interface
Wavelength: 1300nm
Fibre: multi-mode 50/125m or 62.5/125m
Connector style: BFOC 2.5 - (ST)

Irig-B modulated or demodulated (ordering option)

Px4x...N...K for modulated Irig-B
Px4x...P...K for de-modulated Irig-B
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Px4x PRP relays

Cost, transfer price and selling prices:

As the PRP option is using the same Ethernet card than today's SHR
or DHP and provides the same functionality, the costs, the transfer
prices and the selling prices are the same as for SHR or DHP:
Px4x...N...K is equivalent to Px4x...G...K or Px4x...L...K
(modulated Irig-B)
Px4x...P...K is equivalent to Px4x...H...K or Px4x...M...K
(de-modulated Irig-B)

UK made only (Stone), not planned to be made in China*

*: Made in China is part of Px4x rejuvenation (PRP & HSR)

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Px4x PRP relays

PRP is available in the following relays:

Relay software
P141, 2, 3, 4, 5 46
P241, 2, 3 C7
P341, 2, 3, 4, 5 36
P341 DLR 71
P442, 4 D6 & C7 (cyber security)
P443, 5, 6 D0
P445 F0
P543, 4, 5, 6 C0 & D0
P642, 3, 5 03 & 04
P741, 3 51
P746 A0
P841A, B C0 & D0
P849 A0

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From a business perspective

2012 Cigr interoperability PRP/UCA booth in Paris:

UCA Flyer available:

Type test report

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From a business perspective

C264 and PC board: Sell planned for Sept 2013

For pilot projects please contact P.Y Legris (Lattes)

Px3x PRP: planned for Dec 2014

Business wise
HSR and PRP is generally integrated into the Protective relays, the computers etc
This is optimizing the number of Ethernet switches required
This is also minimizing the number of links (fiber or copper)
This is simplifying the Network configuration

HSR/PRP in a complex Substation could improve the

overall Ethernet cost by more than 50%

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From a Engineering perspective

Engineering wise
HSR is usually using direct ring topology
PRP is usually using direct star topology
HSR is preferred to connect all the IEDs mounted in the same cubicle
No additional switch is needed
But the communication bandwidth used is multiplied
It is not possible to connect a laptop to this network but to the RedBox
PRP is preferred to interconnect the cubicles and the Control System
An additional switch is needed
But the communication bandwidth used is normal
RSTP can be preferred for lower end Protection and Control
As a very cost effective solution
But has a reconfiguration time

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Next
 Future optimised Network Topology

HSR HSR
Ring A Ring B

RedBox 1 RedBox 2
PRP
RedBox 3 RedBox 4

Network 1
Network 2
RedBox from Moxa for ex.
Schneider Electric - End User Business Group - Cities Business - Energy Division - Energy Automation 21
BACK UP

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Highly available automation networks

Automation networks require a high availability to ensure continuous

plant operation.

Beyond high quality elements and good maintenance, availability is

increased by redundant elements (links, switches, interfaces or
devices) activated automatically in case of failure.

Redundancy activation after a failure often costs recovery time, during

which the network is unavailable. The plant must be able to tolerate
such interruption of service. This applies to fault situations, removal and
insertion of redundancy.

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Highly available automation networks

IEC SC65C WG15 standardized in the IEC 62439 Suite several

methods to implement high availability networks, divided into two main
categories:
- redundancy in the network, e.g. redundant rings, with devices
attached to a single switch only (singly attached devices), while the
switches (bridges) implement redundancy (e.g. using RSTP)
- redundancy in the devices, using devices with two network interfaces
attached to redundant networks (doubly attached devices)

This presentation describes the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP),

a redundancy in the devices method, that provides bumpless
switchover in case of failure or reintegration.

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Px40 PRP Implementation

Use of Existing Redundant Ethernet Hardware

Redundancy IEC62439 (2012) PRP1
Integration of PRP Management based on Industry standard FPGA Code
PRP Supervision Frame in Ethernet board Application Firmware
Core code developed by Zurich University and is the basis of the implementation
for a number of Industrial companies
Redundancy operation is transparent to the protection relay applications
P142 Prototype available for demonstration
Validation in final stages prior to release into products
Standard solution for Px40 Platform / PACiS
Interoperability testing completed in conjunction with GE, SEL, Toshiba, ZIV,
ABB and Siemens (and Alstom Grid)

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Px40 PRP Demonstration
Scheme Logic and GOOSE Communication
P545 P545 P545

PSL VOP1 PSL VOP1 PSL VOP1

VIP1 VIP1 VIP1

IEC61850
GOOSE

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PRP Demonstration - Test Cases

Test Case Application Alarm LAN A Alarm LAN B

Loss of Fibre LAN A

Loss of Fibre LAN B

Loss of Fibre LAN A + B

Loss of Switch LAN A

Loss of Switch LAN B

Loss of IED

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Schneider Electric Ethernet Redundancy

Use of IEC61850 over Ethernet demands reliable networking

Required for Station Bus
Critical for Process Bus (GOOSE Messaging / IEC61850-9-2)
Redundant Ethernet (proprietary) available for 6 years
MiCOM IEDs (C264 / Px40)
MiCOM Switches (H34 / H35)
Redundant Ethernet Protocols
RSTP
Dual Homing Star (Proprietary)
Self Healing Ring (Proprietary)
Issues with Inter-operability / Recovery time
Need to adapt to IEC62439 Standard (Issued in 2010)

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Make the most of
your energy