John David P.

Mangyao BSEE-4 June 30, 2016

Data and Results

Table 1. Light Level

Lamp Type 1m 2m Lux

i Incandescent Lamps (40W) 150 44 lm/m2
ii Incandescent Lamps (100W) 260 87 lm/m2
iii CFL (55W) 329 107 lm/m2
Iv Fluorescent 227 66 lm/m2
V Par (23W) 688 153 lm/m2
vi Led Flood Light 490 103 lm/m2
vii.a Led Bulb Series (8.5W, 195 74 lm/m2
800lm)
Led Day light white
vii.b Led Bulb Series (8.5W, 234 72 lm/m2
800lm)
Led Warm white
viii Led Spot Light (6W) 1301 258 lm/m2
ix Led Ceiling Square (10W) 124 38 lm/m2

Table 2. Illuminance

Lamp Type 1m 2m Lux

a Using 1 par 688 153 lm/m2
b Using 2 par 1307 272 lm/m2
c Using 1 flood light 490 103 lm/m2
d Using 2 flood light 548 139 lm/m2
e Using 2 par and 2 flood light 1953 465 lm/m2

Questions:
1. List down common behavior of light.
Reflection
Reflection is when incident light (incoming light) hits an object and bounces off.
Very smooth surfaces such as mirrors reflect almost all incident light. The color of an
object is actually the wavelengths of the light reflected while all other wavelengths
are absorbed. Color, in this case, refers to the different wavelengths of light in
the visible light spectrum seen by our eyes. The physical and chemical composition of
matter determines which wavelength (or color) is reflected.
Absorption
Absorption occurs when photons from incident light hit atoms and molecules and
cause them to vibrate. The more an object's molecules move and vibrate, the hotter it
becomes. This heat is then emitted from the object as thermal energy. Some objects,
 such as darker colored objects, absorb more incident light energy than others. This is
the reason why we experience more heat when we wear cloths that are dark in color.
The light is being absorbed, unlike lighter color of which reflects loght.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the bending and spreading of waves around an obstacle. It is most
pronounced when a light wave strikes an object with a size comparable to its own
wavelength. An instrument called a spectrometer uses diffraction to separate light into
a range of wavelengthsa spectrum. In the case of visible light, the separation of
wavelengths through diffraction results in a rainbow.
Scatter
Scattering occurs when light bounces off an object in a variety of directions. The
amount of scattering that takes place depends on the wavelength of the light and the
size and structure of the object. We see sky as blue because of this scattering behavior
of light.
Refraction
Refraction is when light waves change direction as they pass from one medium to
another. Light travels slower in air than in a vacuum, and even slower in water. As
light travels into a different medium, the change in speed bends the light. Different
wavelengths of light are slowed at different rates, which causes them to bend at
different angles. For example, when the full spectrum of visible light travels through
the glass of a prism, the wavelengths are separated into the colors of the rainbow.

2. What is the difference between Illuminance and Luminance intensity?

Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure
of how much the incident light illuminates the surface also called as light level to a given
surface. Luminance is apparent brightness, this refers as to how the bright an object
appears on human eyes. It is measured in candelas per square meter.

3. Describe the inverse square law.

A law stating that the intensity of an effect such as illumination or gravitational force
changes in inverse proportion to the square of the distance from the source. As what it
has been verified in the experiment that as the distance is increased, the intensity of light
decreases. It was also verified using different kinds of light source in 1m and 2m
distances.

Conclusion
The objectives of the experiment was verified using actual light sources. Using these light
sources the distance was varied, then the