FINAL EXAMINATION

JULY 2005 SEMESTER

COURSE : EEB 4023 / EAB 3033 ELECTRICAL MACHINES

DATE :

TIME : (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer FIVE (5) out of SIX (6) questions in the Answer Booklet.
2. Begin EACH answer on a new page.
3. Indicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.
4. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
indicate all assumptions.

5. Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note : There are NINE (9) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover
page.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

1. a. A 20-kVA, 24 000 / 480 V, 50 Hz distribution transformer is tested with

the following results as shown in TABLE Q1.

TABLE Q1
Open-circuit test Short-circuit test
(Measured from the (Measured from the
secondary side) primary side)
VOC = 480 V VSC = 1130 V
IOC = 1.60 A ISC = 1.00 A
POC = 305 W PSC = 260 W

i. Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the

secondary side.
[8 marks]

ii. Find the voltage regulation of the transformer at rated conditions

and 0.8 power factor lagging.
[5 marks]

iii. Determine the efficiency of the transformer at rated conditions and

0.85 power factor lagging.
[4 marks]

b. Explain how to use a 10-kVA, 480/120-V transformer as a step-up

autotransformer by drawing the autotransformer diagram.
[3 marks]

2
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

2. FIGURE Q2 shows a power distribution system consisting of a single-phase

generator with an internal impedance of 23 + j92 m is connected to a load at
115 V, 46 kVA and lagging power factor of 0.85 via a 46-kVA, 230/2300-V, step-
up transformer, a short transmission line, and a 46-kVA, 2300/115-V, step-down
transformer. The impedance of transmission line is 2.07 + j4.14 . The
parameters of step-up and step-down transformers are given in TABLE Q2.

a. Convert the circuit to its per unit equivalent circuit.

[4 marks]

b. Determine the generator voltage, VG, in per unit and actual voltage value.
[4 marks]

c. Calculate the generator current, IG, in per unit and actual current value.
[4 marks]

d. Calculate the overall efficiency of the system.

[4 marks]

e. Describe the effect of removing both transformers from the system and
hence, having direct connection from generator to the transmission line
and the load.
[4 marks]

3
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

TABLE Q2
Step-up transformer Step-down transformer
RS = 2.3 RP = 2.3
XS = 6.9 XP = 6.9
RP = 23 m RS = 5.75 m
XP = 69 m XS = 17.25 m

23 m 23 m 2.3 2.07 2.3 5.75 m

j92 m j6.9 j4.14 j6.9 j17.25

IG j69 m m
Il ZL VL
VG

230 V: 2300 V 2300 V: 115 V

Step-up Transmission line Step-down Load
Generator
Transformer Transformer

FIGURE Q2

4
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

3. a. Describe the operational principle of a synchronous generator.

[4 marks]

b. A four-pole, Y connected synchronous generator rated at 470 kVA, 480 V,

50 Hz and 0.8 power factor lagging. Its armature resistance RA is 0.016 .
The core losses of the generator at rated conditions are 7 kW, and the
friction and windage losses are 8 kW. The open-circuit and short-circuit
characteristics are shown in FIGURE Q3a and FIGURE Q3b respectively.

i. Determine the saturated synchronous reactance of this generator at

the rated conditions.
[4 marks]

ii. Calculate the voltage regulation of this generator at rated current

and power factor.
[6 marks]

iii. If the generator is operating at the rated conditions and the load is
suddenly removed, determine the terminal voltage.
[2 marks]

iv. Determine the input torque that must be supplied to the generator
to operate the generator at rated conditions.
[4 marks]

5
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

FIGURE Q3a

FIGURE Q3b

6
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

4. a. Draw equivalent circuit of an induction motor and describe the procedures

to determine the value of rotor resistance, R2, in the equivalent circuit.
[5 marks]

b. A 440-V, 50-Hz, two-pole, Y-connected squirrel cage induction motor is

rated at 75 kW. The equivalent circuit parameters are
R1 = 0.075 R2 = 0.065
XM = 7.2 X1 = X2 = 0.17
The friction and windage losses, stray losses and core losses are 1.0 kW,
150 W and 1.1 kW, respectively. The motor is running at the speed of
2800 rpm.

Determine

i. the slip of the motor,

[2 marks]

ii. the line current,

[3 marks]

ii. the total losses in the motor,

[4 marks]

iii. the load torque, and

[3 marks]

iv. the overall efficiency.

[3 marks]

7
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

5. a. A dc shunt motor has the following data.

Radj = 80 to 300 IL,rated = 95 A

nrated = 1200 rpm Radj = 0.21
RF = 85 Vt = 200V

i. Determine the induced voltage at the armature if Radj is adjusted to

145 at full load condition.
[3 marks]

ii. Calculate the speed of the motor at if Radj is adjusted to 170 at full
load condition.
[3 marks]

iii. Describe the action need to be taken to increase the speed from
800 rpm to 1000 rpm.
[4 marks]

b. A 10.5-hp,120-V series dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.2

and a series field resistance of 0.16 . At full load the input current
is 58 A, speed is 1050 rpm and the mechanical and core losses are 550
W. Determine
i. the speed of the motor if the load current is reduced to 42 A at
rated voltage,
[3 marks]

ii. efficiency of the motor at full condition, and

[4 marks]

iii. the torque developed in the motor at full load.

[3 marks]

8
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

6. a. A self excited DC generator has the following characteristics:

Field voltage, VT = 230 V

Field resistance, RF = 110

Armature resistance, RA = 0.25

Variable resistance, Radj = 215

Rated armature current, IA = 32 A

Core and mechanical losses = 640 W

Rated speed, nrated = 1500 rpm

With variable resistance being fixed to 180 , find the

i. voltage drop and induced voltage in the armature,

[3 marks]

ii. total losses in the generator,

[3 marks]

iii. mechanical torque, and

[2 marks]

iv. efficiency of the generator.

[2 marks]

9
 EEB 4023 / EAB 3033

b. A 415-V, 25-A, four-pole, 50-Hz three-phase induction motor has a lagging

power factor of 0.8. Loss components are as follows:
Stator copper losses = 1000 W
Rotor copper losses = 500 W
Friction and windage losses = 250 W
Core losses = 250 W
Miscellaneous losses = 200 W
Calculate
i. the air gap power,
[3 marks]

ii. the mechanical power,

[2 marks]

iii. the slip of the motor, and

[2 marks]

iv. the speed of the motor.

[3 marks]

- END OF PAPER -

10