G

Heinemann Information Processes and Technology:
Preliminary Course
Supplementary review questions

Exercise 1.1
Complete the following sentences.
1 Todays society is sometimes called the _________________ Age.
2 Technology has cut down the time taken to _________________ information.
3 _________________ is the electronic hardware and software used to process
information.
4 Integrated circuits are _________________ _________________ containing
transistors that can store and process data.
5 Advances in technology have resulted in information systems with greater
_________________ and _________________ .
6 Information technology has made our society more _________________ and raised
the standard of living of most people.
7 The printing and publishing industries use _________________
_________________ and _________________ _________________ software.
8 Many shops use _________________ _________________ to process transactions
efficiently.
9 Doctors use _________________ _________________ to help diagnose a patients
illness.
10 When new information technology is introduced, the impact is not always
_________________ .
Copyright Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)
1 Supplementary review questions

Exercise 1.2
1 A _________________ is a group of elements that work together to achieve a
purpose.
2 The _________________ is everything that influences or is influenced by an
information system.
3 _________________ are electronic devices that can process data according to stored
sequences of instructions.
4 Processing changes data to produce _________________ by following a series of
instructions.
5 _________________ involves retaining data over a period of time.
6 Output involves the _________________ or display of information to a person, or the
transfer of data to another computer.
7 _________________ is the detailed instructions used to direct the operation of a
computer to perform a particular task.
8 Information is data that has been _________________ and given some meaning by
people.
9 Participants are the people who carry out the information _________________ .
10 Data is the raw _________________ entered into an information system.

Exercise 1.3
Write down whether the following statements are true or false.
1 Todays methods of information processing are the same as the methods used 50 years
ago.
2 Information processing is the creation of data by processing information using
information technology.
3 The rate at which these information processes are carried out is critical to the
efficiency of an information system.
4 Collecting involves entering data into an information system.
5 A survey is an example of a secondary source of data.
6 Organising gives some structure to the data.
7 Analysing involves examining and giving meaning to the data.
8 Storing and retrieving are not information processes.
9 Transmitting and receiving involves the presentation of information to those who need
it.
10 Displaying is the input from an information system.

Exercise 1.4
1 _________________ can be thought of as unorganised facts that mean little by
themselves.
2 Information technology, participants (people) and information _________________
combine to transform data into information.
3 Information is the _________________ of an information system.
4 _________________ useful to the purpose of the information system.
5 Timely data is _________________ , and kept up-to-date.
6 The _________________ _________________ describes the kind of data.
7 Information is an asset and there are costs associated with its _________________ ,
maintenance and storage.
8 Accurate information has been _________________ to ensure it is correct.
9 _________________ information is arranged to meet the purpose of the information
system.
10 Information must be presented in a way that is _________________ and easy to read.

Exercise 1.5
1 Filing cabinets are a method of storing digital data.
2 Data is represented digitally so that it can be used by information technology.
3 Digital data cannot be easily updated.
4 Newspapers are a recent trend in using digital data.
5 A bit is the smallest unit of data stored in a computer.
6 A byte contains 64 bits.
7 The standard encoding method used by large IBM computers is called ASCII.
8 The binary system uses place value, like the decimal system.
9 The hexadecimal number B16 equals 10 as a decimal number.
10 Hexadecimal code is often preceded by the % (per cent) sign.

Exercise 1.6
1 The cost of replacing data that is _________________ or _________________
damaged or lost can be enormous.
2 _________________ _________________ is the illegal transfer of money from one
account to another.
3 _________________ _________________ involves a series of safeguards to protect
the data from damage.
4 Biometric devices are used to verify _________________ _________________ .
5 The accuracy of data must be _________________ before it is processed into
information.
6 Range checks are used if the data is _________________ to a small range of
particular values.
7 _________________ _________________ are used to determine whether the data
type is correct.
8 Information published on the Internet is protected by _________________ .
9 The illegal _________________ of software is called software piracy.
10 _________________ _________________ permit an organisation to make copies of
the software for use on the same site.

Exercise 2.1
1 A mouse may have one, two or three buttons and a _________________
_________________ .
2 Pen input devices allow _________________ characters to be converted to digital
text.
3 _________________ are input devices that can electronically capture text or images.
4 Most digital cameras _________________ and save their images in standard JPEG
format.
5 Images and sound on videotape are converted to digital form using a
_________________ _________________ _________________ .
6 _________________ are input devices that capture sound.
7 The arrangement of letters, numbers and symbols on the keyboard is called its
_________________ .
8 _________________ _________________ _________________ devices are
scanners that read typed text.
9 Loading the operating system into the computers memory is referred to as
_________________ the system.
10 _________________ and _________________ involve collecting sample
characteristics, attitudes, behaviours and opinions

Exercise 2.2
1 Every type of data must be represented digitally to be used by a computer.
2 Images are converted into binary using a standard method of conversion such as
ASCII.
3 The quality of a digitised image is improved by decreasing the number of pixels.
4 Audio is divided into tiny dots called pixels.
5 Better quality sound is achieved by increasing the sampling rate and/or the sampling
size.
6 Multimedia is the presentation of information using text, graphics, animation, audio
and video.
7 A database uses a rectangular grid made up of rows and columns to organise and store
data that requires some type of calculation.
8 File conversion is a non-computer tool used for the organising.
9 Software applications are providing better ways of accessing different types of data.
10 In early versions of word processing programs it was impossible to import an image
into a document

Exercise 2.3
1 Analysing is the _________________ of the data.
2 If the simulations are complex then a _________________ or _________________
may be required.
3 Fast _________________ is needed to complete the many calculations often required
for analysis.
4 Searching is the process of _________________ data and information.
5 Sorts are performed in either _________________ or descending order.
6 A _________________ is a representation of some aspect of the real world.
7 Simple business simulations can be performed on a personal computer using
_________________ , financial or statistical software.
8 _________________ often involve using complex mathematical processes.
9 The incorrect analysis of data results in _________________ information.
10 Privacy is eroded by linking _________________ for analysis.

Exercise 2.4
1 Magnetic disks are the most widely used storage medium on personal computers.
2 The FAT is a directory that records information about files stored on a magnetic disk.
3 Floppy disks are only formatted in one density.
4 A hard disk is a magnetic disk made of plastic and covered with magnetic material.
5 A partition is responsible for the transfer of data between the computer and the disk
drive.
6 Two common types of magnetic tapes are Zip and Jaz disks.
7 A CD-ROM drive is faster at accessing data than a hard disk drive.
8 DVD drives are compatible with CD-ROMs and audio CDs.
9 A sector is a band formed by concentric circles.
10 File management software organises files on a storage medium.

Exercise 2.5
1 An _________________ circuit consists of a thin silicon wafer containing millions of
electrical components.
2 The flat printed circuit board inside the computer is called the _________________ .
3 The _________________ _________________ directs and coordinates the entire
computer system.
4 The part of the CPU that carries out all the mathematical and logical calculations is
called the _________________ _________________ _________________ .
5 The combination of _________________ and e-time is called the machine cycle.
6 _________________ is the part of the computer that holds data and programs before
and after they have been processed by the CPU.
7 RAM is _________________ memory, which means it is not retained when the
computer is turned off.
8 _________________ is permanent memory that only allows data to be retrieved and
not entered.
9 Distributed processing consists of workstations connected to _________________
data and resources at a local site.
10 _________________ are edited using graphic tools.

Exercise 2.6
1 Serial transfer transmits data more than one bit at a time.
2 Synchronous transmission identifies each byte with special start and stop bits.
3 Full duplex mode allows transmission in both directions at the same time.
4 The bits per second or the baud rate measures the transmission rate of data.
5 The larger the bus width, the less data that can be transmitted at one time.
6 COM1 and COM2 are examples of serial ports.
7 The word modem stands for monitor/demodulator.
8 Most modems use a command set developed by Hayes.
9 LANs connect computers over thousands of kilometres.
10 Compression reduces the number of bits required to represent data.

Exercise 2.7
1 The space between the pixels on a screen is called the _________________
_________________ .
2 A _________________ uses CRT technology similar to a television.
3 LCD displays require less power than _________________ , allowing them to run on
batteries.
4 A _________________ is a device that represents data on paper.
5 Bubble-jet printers are special type of _________________ printer.
6 _________________ printers are fast printers that produce high-quality output.
7 Sounds are produced using a _________________ .
8 A plotter is an output device used to produce high-quality _________________ .
9 A storyboard is a series of _________________ , each representing a different action
or screen image.
10 Display technology that uses large _________________ _________________ is
becoming more common.

Exercise 3.1
1 System investigators are responsible for the development of a new system.
2 The final stage in the system development cycle is implementing.
3 Each stage in the system development cycle builds on the conclusions of the previous
stages.
4 A problem must be understood in terms of the goals of an organisation.
5 Preliminary investigation takes into account the needs and concerns of all the
participants.
6 The questions in an interview are carefully planned ahead of time.
7 Probing is often used in surveys.
8 Observations must be structured and systematic.
9 The requirement report is based on data collected from the participants.
10 A Gantt chart is a bar chart with each bar representing a task.

Exercise 3.2
1 The scope of the problem places _________________ on the new system.
2 A feasibility study is a short report that analyses potential solutions and makes a
_________________ .
3 The initial sections of the feasibility study state the nature of the
_________________ .
4 A feasibility study briefly describes each _________________ with its expected
advantages and disadvantages.
5 _________________ feasibility compares the costs of developing the new system with
the expected benefits.
6 Schedule feasibility determines whether _________________ is available to
implement the new system.
7 The decision to proceed with a new system is made by the _________________ of the
organisation.
8 _________________ charts are a good way of understanding a system.
9 When the detailed analysis is completed, an _________________
_________________ is written.
10 The analysis report contains _________________ specifications for the next stage.

Exercise 3.3
1 Top-down design is a diagrammatic tool for designing solutions.
2 A context diagram uses a single process together with inputs and outputs.
3 A circle is used for an external entity in a context diagram.
4 Data flow diagrams focus on the flow of data between information processes in a
system.
5 Data flow diagrams are often converted into context diagrams.
6 A system flow chart shows the hardware used to process data.
7 The internal specifications outline the appearance of the new system.
8 Custom software is written by programmers to meet the exact specifications of the
new system.
9 Test data covers a wide range of values to ensure the solution can deal with unexpected
data.
10 Documentation is often neglected and not completed during the design stage.

Exercise 3.4
1 The implementation stage delivers the new information system to the
_________________ .
2 _________________ involves changing from the old system to the new system.
3 Direct conversion involves an _________________ change to the new system.
4 _________________ conversion involves the old and new systems working together
for some time.
5 Phased conversion involves the _________________ implementation of the new
system.
6 _________________ conversion involves trialing the new system in a small part of the
organisation.
7 _________________ ensures that participants can use the new system and understand
its benefits.
8 Initial training is completed _________________ the old system is converted to the
new system.
9 Training is needed in the _________________ of a new system.
10 Technical support staff usually provide a service over the _________________

Exercise 3.5
1 After the new system is fully implemented, participants expect the system to be
working correctly.
2 Computer operators are responsible for the effective use of the system.
3 The operations manual is used to specify tasks to be completed on a regular basis.
4 An information systems manager plans and oversees all the information resources in
the organisation.
5 Evaluation occurs before the new system is established and minor problems have been
fixed.
6 The systems analyst completes an evaluation in consultation with participants.
7 An evaluation is based on interviews, surveys, observations and measurements.
8 Deficiencies in the system are not discovered during the operation of the system.
9 The longer the system has been operational, the easier it is to change.
10 The tasks in the final stage of the system development cycle are ongoing.

Exercise 3.6
1 _________________ refers to the relationship between people and their work
environment.
2 RSI stands for _________________ _________________ _________________ .
3 The recommended adjustable seat height ranges from _________________ to
_________________ .
4 The _________________ should be between 15 and 30 degrees below eye level.
5 The mouse must fit the hand and be easily _________________ .
6 _________________ needs to be uniform and bright enough so that all text can be
read easily.
7 For a clothed and resting person, the temperature should range between
_________________ and _________________ C.
8 Noise levels should not exceed _________________ decibels as this makes
communication with others difficult and can affect concentration.
9 When people retrain and learn new skills it is called _________________ .
10 _________________ has provided opportunities for social relationships to develop
between people who are separated geographically.

Exercise 5.1
1 A _________________ _________________ or _________________ at the top of
the display is used to select commands or operations.
2 Creating a document from scratch usually requires you to select the
_________________ command.
3 Pressing the Enter or Return key inserts a character, which is called a
_________________ marker.
4 _________________ is the method of moving within a document to view the writing.
5 The cursor or insertion point is a marker on the screen indicated by a
_________________ _________________ _________________.
6 _________________ _________________ view shows all the elements that will
print, including headers, footers and graphics.
7 To save a document, the user select the _________________ command.
8 To retrieve a document, the user selects the _________________ command.
9 Choosing _________________ quality speeds up printing and is useful in the early
stages of writing.
10 Portrait is the _________________ orientation of the page.

Exercise 5.2
1 A block is a _________________ of text, such as a word, phrase, sentence or
paragraph.
2 Some word processors have _________________ levels of undo or redo commands.
3 Adding text to a document is called _________________.
4 When _________________ , the new text replace the text to the right of the cursor
position.
5 The clipboard is a temporary _________________ area used in copying and pasting.
6 _________________ and _________________ are the actions required to copy a
block of text to another place in a document.
7 _________________ objects are fixed and do not change if the source is amended.
8 The replace command examines every _________________ in a document and
highlights the text that matches the requested text.
9 _________________ corrects typing or spelling errors as you type.
10 A thesaurus is useful if a word is _________________ and needs to be replaced with
something more interesting.

Exercise 5.3
1 Formatting is changing the appearance of a document.
2 Sans serif typefaces have little tails at the ends of the characters.
3 Stroke weight measures the width of the characters.
4 Italic and outline are examples of a typeface.
5 Justified text is aligned with an imaginary line down the middle of the page.
6 Single spacing consists of the actual size of the font plus a small amount of extra
space.
7 Tabs align the text to set vertical positions called tab stops.
8 Tab stops are shown on a ruler.
9 A negative indent moves a paragraph into the margin.
10 Numbered lists have a number or letter at the end of each item in a list.

Exercise 5.4
1 A style is chosen using a _________________ _________________ from a drop-
down list or a dialogue box.
2 Styles provide a document with a _________________ look.
3 Margins are the distances between the edge of the paper and the
_________________ .
4 A gutter is an amount of extra space added to the margin for _________________ .
5 _________________ _________________ breaks force the text to break to a new
page at a particular position.
6 _________________ and _________________ usually contain page numbers, dates,
or the title or author of a document or section.
7 The content of tables can be _________________ in alphabetic, numeric or date
order.
8 The space between the columns and the _________________ of the columns can be
altered.
9 _________________ _________________ refers to prepared pictures that are
grouped into topics.
10 A border is a _________________ around selected text, paragraphs, tables or
graphics.

Exercise 6.1
1 Electronic databases can present data in only one way.
2 A DBMS has data in it.
3 A record is a collection of facts about one specific entry in a database.
4 Category is another name for a field
5 All databases are created to meet a specific need.
6 Data dictionaries are used to sort and retrieve information.
7 The number of characters in each field is called its data type.
8 Primary keys cannot be empty or null.
9 A table or list often shows a single record containing data for every field.
10 Data is only entered into a form or label.

Exercise 6.2
1 Data integrity requires data to be correct and _________________ .
2 _________________ data involves inserting data, deleting data and moving data.
3 Data is _________________ into a field in a table or form by placing the cursor in the
desired location.
4 New records are inserted by moving to the _________________
_________________ and typing in the new data.
5 To delete a _________________ of characters, select the data and press the Delete
key.
6 Data is edited using the Cut, Copy and _________________ commands.
7 To add a field, the user must first decide on the _________________
_________________ , field size and data type.
8 If a field is _________________ , all its data from every record is gone.
9 The _________________ of forms and tables can be easily amended.
10 Forms and tables can be _________________ using different fonts, styles and
colours.

Exercise 6.3
1 _________________ is the process of arranging data in a particular order.
2 A filter is used to _________________ the records viewed in the database.
3 _________________ a database is carried out to retrieve information.
4 The most efficient way of searching a large database is to construct a
_________________ .
5 Using the _________________ is often the easiest way to pose a query but is the least
flexible.
6 QBE requires the user to type the search criteria into a blank _________________
with a space for each field.
7 SQL is a standard _________________ _________________ .
8 _________________ operators are characters or symbols indicating the relationship
between two expressions.
9 Wildcard characters represent one or more unknown _________________ .
10 _________________ operators are used to combine simple queries.

Exercise 6.4
1 A report is used to organise and present data to be printed.
2 A DBMS allows complete control of the design of a report.
3 Most DBMSs allow only one report to be created from a database.
4 Before creating a report, the user needs to select the required records.
5 Every field in a database must be shown in a report.
6 Reports often have fields such as count, sum and average that perform calculations.
7 A page header appears once at the beginning of a report.
8 A page footer appears after the report footer on the last page of the report.
9 Columns should have a clear and descriptive layout.
10 A mail merge combines a letter with data from another document.

Exercise 7.1
1 People have been using spreadsheets for centuries.
2 Electronic spreadsheets present data in tables and charts.
3 Columns run horizontally across the screen.
4 The position of a cell in a spreadsheet is called its cell position.
5 Values are numbers stored in a spreadsheet on which calculations are carried out.
6 The #### symbol in a cell indicates that the cell is not wide enough to display the
number it contains.
7 Copying a cell only transfers the content of the cell, not its format.
8 The Fill down command copies cells across the row.
9 A spreadsheet allows users to search for specific data that is part of a label, value or
formula.
10 The calculation area contains labels for headings and values on which calculations are
based.

Exercise 7.2
1 Formulas are values on which the function operates.
2 A formula starts with a particular symbol, such as the =, @ or + signs.
3 Formulas always contain cell references.
4 A range is a group of adjacent cells in a single row or column, or in several adjacent
rows and columns.
5 If a formula refers to itself, either directly or indirectly, it is called a cell reference.
6 A spreadsheet recalculates each value if the cell references have changed.
7 Operators are used to perform a process, and are used to create formulas.
8 Functions consist of a function name, a set of parentheses and arguments.
9 Relative referencing does not change the formula in the source cell.
10 A well-designed spreadsheet is a document created for repeated use.

Exercise 7.3
Copy and complete the following sentences.
1 Dragging the _________________ in the row heading changes the row height.
2 Redefining the _________________ column width adjusts all the columns to the same
width.
3 When a row is inserted, all the rows _________________ it are moved down one
place.
4 When a column is inserted, all the columns to the _________________ are move one
place to the right.
5 _________________ references are automatically changed when adding and deleting
rows and columns.
6 Cells with numbers are formatted using the _________________ or a command from
the menu bar.
7 _________________ format displays the value exactly as it is typed.
8 Fixed format allows the user to specify the number of _________________ places.
9 The default vertical alignment is to the _________________ of the cell.
10 _________________ _________________ _________________ reduces the size of
the font so that the selected cell fits the column.

Exercise 7.4
For each of the following statements, select a matching word or phrase from the list:
chart title column chart data series
chart legend axis
line chart axis title pie chart bar chart
1 A graphical representation of numerical data.
2 A line that borders the chart data.
3 A set of related data markers corresponding to a single row or column.
4 Text that identifies an axis.
5 A description of the information within the chart.
6 A key that distinguishes the patterns, colours or symbols associated with the chart
data.
7 A chart type that presents data in horizontal rectangles.
8 A chart type that presents data in vertical rectangles.
9 A chart type that presents data by joining adjacent values with a line.
10 A chart type that presents data as sectors of a circle.

Exercise 8.1
1 One of the most powerful ways of presenting information is by using a graphic.
2 All computer graphics are made up of tiny dots called pixels.
3 The fewer pixels used in an image, the higher the resolution and the more detailed the
picture.
4 Graphics programs are classified as paint or draw programs.
5 Painting programs do not contain geometric shapes.
6 The graphics created by a painting program are called vector graphics.
7 Objects created by a drawing program are defined by their characteristics, such as
position, line width and pattern.
8 In drawing programs, images are edited by erasing or adding dots.
9 The graphics created by a drawing program are called bitmapped graphics.
10 Painting and drawing programs do not have any common tools or techniques.

Exercise 8.2
1 Computer graphics are built up slowly using a variety of _________________ .
2 Before you can move a graphic it must be _________________ .
3 _________________ means using only part of an image.
4 _________________ means making a graphic smaller or bigger.
5 _________________ means changing the appearance and proportions of a graphic.
6 Stretching a graphic changes its size and _________________ (ratio of height to
width).
7 Tilting a graphic puts it on a _________________ .
8 The Flip _________________ command creates a mirror image by swapping the
right and left sides.
9 The Flip _________________ command swaps the top and the bottom of an image.
10 The _________________ command allows you to spin the graphic or object a
certain number of degrees.

Exercise 8.3
1 A bitmapped graphic is also called a raster graphic.
2 A bit is the smallest unit for storing data, and is either a 0 or a 1.
3 A high-resolution graphic requires less memory than a low-resolution graphic.
4 One pixel is always represented by one bit.
5 Tones add detail to an image and require more memory.
6 Colour graphics use a combination of red, green and blue colours.
7 Bitmapped graphics can only be edited by erasing dots or adding dots.
8 Editing a bitmapped graphic at an object level is never a problem.
9 When a bitmapped graphic is enlarged, it creates a staircase pattern.
10 The GIF format is often used for Web graphics.

Exercise 8.4
1 A _________________ graphic is made up of objects such as straight lines, curves
and shapes.
2 When you draw a shape it usually starts at a _________________ .
3 Vector graphics are edited by altering the _________________ of the objects.
4 _________________ in a vector graphic can be deleted, moved, cut or copied.
5 Resizing and distorting an object does not reduce its _________________ .
6 When objects _________________ , the most recently created object is displayed in
front.
7 Objects that are associated can be _________________ together and treated as a
single object.
8 The PICT format is commonly used on _________________ _________________
computers.
9 The _________________ format is an international standard for vector graphics.
10 The WMF format is commonly used in _________________ applications.

Exercise 9.1
1 Desktop publishing is the use of specialised software to combine text and graphics to
create a publication.
2 Desktop publishing increases publication time compared to previous methods of
publishing.
3 A word processor and a desktop publishing program work the same way.
4 Most text in a desktop publishing document is created in a word processor.
5 Desktop publishing programs have an extensive range of drawing tools.
6 Page layout is the final stage in desktop publishing.
7 Objects in a desktop publishing program are similar to objects in a drawing program.
8 To create a desktop publishing document you simply start typing.
9 The number of objects on the page decreases as a design becomes more complex.
10 Full page view is used to read words.

Exercise 9.2
1 The _________________ of a font is an imaginary line on which the characters sit.
2 The x-height is height of the _________________ _________________ letters.
3 Frequent changes to the _________________ in a publication distract the reader.
4 An _________________ is the last word or line of a paragraph that appears at the top
of a page or column.
5 Each _________________ should contain between 30 and 60 characters per line for
readability.
6 Left alignment is generally considered the best choice for _________________
_________________ .
7 _________________ can be used to make a heading fit a particular area without
having to change the font.
8 The _________________ of a graphic should reflect its importance to the message.
9 _________________ draws attention to the content and makes graphics come to life.
10 White space improves readability by adding _________________ to a page.

Exercise 9.3
1 When reading a publication you start at the top right corner of the page.
2 Too many design elements distract the reader from the intended message.
3 Portrait is the horizontal orientation of the page.
4 Rulers are non-printing vertical and horizontal lines that are used to position text and
other objects on a page.
5 A horizontal ruler is usually located at the bottom and a vertical ruler on the right hand
side of the document window.
6 The snap-to feature makes one frame stick to another.
7 To move a frame, you select the frame and drag it to the new location.
8 Frame nudging aligns a frame to the nearest guide or grid line.
9 You can use templates as they are, or modify them to suit your own requirements.
10 Master pages can be used to ensure consistency in multiple page publications.

Exercise 9.4
1 The quality of a printout is called the _________________ .
2 _________________ printers are used for high-volume printing because they are fast
and the cost per copy is low.
3 A draft copy is used to check the _________________ .
4 The _________________ _________________ is printed at the printers highest
resolution.
5 Commercial printing services can print at resolutions greater than
_________________ dpi.
6 A Postscript file is used only for printing and cannot be _________________ or
_________________.
7 A _________________ _________________ is an enlarged initial letter that extends
above or below the baseline in the first line of body text.
8 Borders are inserted to _________________ a particular piece of text.
9 A _________________ is a label that describes an area of a picture.
10 A header prints the same text at the _________________ of each page.

Exercise 10.1
1 A multimedia product uses at least two different media types.
2 A key feature of multimedia is interactivity.
3 Advances in information technology are influencing multimedia development.
4 Multimedia emphasises the information process of analysing.
5 A storyboard is a textual method of representing ideas and actions.
6 A non-linear storyboard layout has no structure.
7 The amount a file is compressed is measured by the compression ratio.
8 A compression ratio of 3:1 would result in a larger file than a compression ratio of 2:1.
9 Lossless compression removes bytes of data from the file.
10 Most multimedia authoring packages have different features.

Exercise 10.2
1 A _________________ is an individual screen or page of the presentation.
2 A presentation is a group of _________________ positioned on one or more slides.
3 A _________________ _________________ is a set of balanced colours for the text,
background and drawn objects.
4 A blank presentation is created without a _________________ .
5 A frame is a _________________ that holds an object.
6 Outline view shows the _________________ and main text.
7 Slide sorter view shows a _________________ of each slide.
8 When a picture _________________ is selected, the user can crop, resize, distort or
recolour the graphic.
9 A _________________ is a special effect used to go from one slide to the next.
10 Objects that are associated can be _________________ together as if they were a
single object.

Exercise 10.3
1 Cell-based animation involves displaying the movement of objects onto a fixed
background in a particular sequence or path.
2 Tweening is a key process in computer animation.
3 Morphing is the smooth change between two different images.
4 In relation to multimedia, audio refers to sound that has been digitised.
5 The method used by the DAC to digitise a sound wave is called sampling.
6 Two common sampling rates are 44.1 kHz and 22.05 kHz.
7 Sampling size is the number of times a sample is taken from the sound wave.
8 Video displays photographic images at speeds ranging from 15 to 60 FPS.
9 Two popular compressed video formats are JPEG and QuickTime.
10 Digital signals need to be converted into analogue using a video capture card.

Exercise 10.4
1 Readability is improved when similar items are _________________ .
2 The _________________ of colour, sound and animations can be distracting.
3 Text needs to be _________________ to be effective.
4 Avoid using too many _________________ for body text.
5 Colour contributes to the _________________ and theme of a multimedia product.
6 Graphics and animations are used to create _________________ and provide
information.
7 The _________________ of a graphic is dependent on the screen and the number of
colours that can be displayed.
8 The _________________ use of sound effects can draw attention away from the main
information
9 RealAudio is a de facto standard for exchanging sound files over the
_________________ .
10 QuickTime is a video and animation format developed by _________________
Computer.

Exercise 11.1
1 The United States Department of Defence established the Internet.
2 A Web browser is an organisation that provides access to the Internet for a fee.
3 The protocol used on the Internet is called ISP.
4 The World Wide Web is another name for the Internet.
5 A Web site is a group of documents that present information on a particular topic.
6 A hyperlink connects the user to another piece of text, an image or another Web page.
7 There are only a few newsgroups on the Internet.
8 Usenet allows interactive communication with people over the Internet.
9 Downloading is the process of copying a file from a Web server to your own computer.
10 Most files are downloaded in a compressed format.

Exercise 11.2
1 A Web browser is a software program stored on a computer that allows it to find, read
and display _________________ _________________ .
2 Web pages that have graphic files or multimedia files take longer to
_________________ .
3 The _________________ command reloads the current Web page.
4 The Back command displays the _________________ Web page.
5 The _________________ command interrupts the downloading of a Web page.
6 Most IP addresses use _________________ bytes.
7 Each part of a domain name is separated by a _________________
_________________ .
8 http stands for Hypertext Transfer _________________ .
9 The domain name and the _________________ _________________ are separated
by a forward slash.
10 Selecting a _________________ is crucial to the success of a search.

Exercise 11.3
1 Email is one of the latest applications of the Internet.
2 A person needs to be at their computer to receive email.
3 Any computer file can be attached to an email message.
4 Email addresses are divided into three parts.
5 Email is sent directly to the receivers computer.
6 A user needs to be online to compose email messages.
7 Forwarding messages involves sending messages you received to someone else.
8 A signature is a group of people who may want to receive the same messages.
9 Email messages should be short and to the point.
10 MIME is an Internet protocol that is able to negotiate many different operating
systems and types of software.

Exercise 11.4
1 _________________ _________________ can be read by all computers connected
to the Internet.
2 Information on the Web page can be quickly _________________ and
_________________ .
3 The first task in creating a Web page is to establish a clear _________________ .
4 Every Web page should be linked to the _________________ page.
5 A user needs to find information quickly and easily or they will go to another
_________________ .
6 _________________ is the most common colour for a hyperlink.
7 Two common file formats for Web graphics are _________________ and GIF.
8 Web pages are normally published and stored on a _________________ .
9 _________________ charge a fee that is dependent on the total file size of the Web
site.
10 Web sites are _________________ to determine whether they are satisfying their
original purpose.

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Heinemann Information Processes and Technology:

Supplementary review questions

Complete the following sentences.

1 Todays society is sometimes called the _________________ Age.

2 Technology has cut down the time taken to _________________ information.

3 _________________ is the electronic hardware and software used to process

4 Integrated circuits are _________________ _________________ containing

transistors that can store and process data.

5 Advances in technology have resulted in information systems with greater

_________________ and _________________ .

the standard of living of most people.

7 The printing and publishing industries use _________________

_________________ and _________________ _________________ software.

8 Many shops use _________________ _________________ to process transactions

9 Doctors use _________________ _________________ to help diagnose a patients

10 When new information technology is introduced, the impact is not always

Copyright Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

1 Supplementary review questions

Complete the following sentences.

1 A _________________ is a group of elements that work together to achieve a

2 The _________________ is everything that influences or is influenced by an

4 Processing changes data to produce _________________ by following a series of

5 _________________ involves retaining data over a period of time.

6 Output involves the _________________ or display of information to a person, or the

transfer of data to another computer.

7 _________________ is the detailed instructions used to direct the operation of a

computer to perform a particular task.

10 Data is the raw _________________ entered into an information system.

Copyright Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

2 Supplementary review questions

Write down whether the following statements are true or false.

2 Information processing is the creation of data by processing information using

efficiency of an information system.

4 Collecting involves entering data into an information system.

5 A survey is an example of a secondary source of data.

6 Organising gives some structure to the data.

7 Analysing involves examining and giving meaning to the data.

8 Storing and retrieving are not information processes.

10 Displaying is the input from an information system.

Copyright Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

3 Supplementary review questions

Complete the following sentences.

1 _________________ can be thought of as unorganised facts that mean little by

2 Information technology, participants (people) and information _________________

combine to transform data into information.

3 Information is the _________________ of an information system.

4 _________________ useful to the purpose of the information system.

5 Timely data is _________________ , and kept up-to-date.

6 The _________________ _________________ describes the kind of data.

maintenance and storage.

8 Accurate information has been _________________ to ensure it is correct.

9 _________________ information is arranged to meet the purpose of the information

10 Information must be presented in a way that is _________________ and easy to read.

Copyright Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

4 Supplementary review questions

Write down whether the following statements are true or false.

1 Filing cabinets are a method of storing digital data.

2 Data is represented digitally so that it can be used by information technology.

3 Digital data cannot be easily updated.

4 Newspapers are a recent trend in using digital data.

5 A bit is the smallest unit of data stored in a computer.

6 A byte contains 64 bits.

9 The hexadecimal number B16 equals 10 as a decimal number.

4 Integrated circuits are _ _ containing

_ and _ .

_________ and _ _________ software.

8 Many shops use _ _ to process transactions

9 Doctors use _ _ to help diagnose a patients

6 The _ _ describes the kind of data.

1 The cost of replacing data that is _ or _

2 _ _ is the illegal transfer of money from one

3 _ _ involves a series of safeguards to protect

4 Biometric devices are used to verify _ _ .

7 _ _ are used to determine whether the data

10 _ _ permit an organisation to make copies of

_________ _ _________ .

8 _________ _ _________ devices are

10 _ and _ involve collecting sample

2 If the simulations are complex then a _ or _

3 The _ _ directs and coordinates the entire

called the _________ _ _________ .