SEISMIC DESIGN

Following UBC-97
Requirements
 Seismic Load
According to UBC97

Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis

Equivalent Static Force Response Spectrum

Analysis
Time History Analysis
 Static Force

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 Static Force Procedure .

Design base shear

C V .I
V W
R .T
2.5 C a .I
V max W
R
V min 0.11C a .IW

V max V V min

( z
C a ,C v )

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

1- Definition of Seismic Zone
 Seismic Zone from Map in Figure 16-2

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 2- Definition of Seismic Zone Factor (Z)

TABLE 16-ISEISMIC ZONE FACTOR Z

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

3- Definition of Site geology and soil characteristics
(S?)
Soil profile types are defined in Table 16-J
Section 1636 gives Site Characterization Procedure
 Definition of the soil profile is based on
averaged soil properties for the upper 100 feet
of soil profile.
The properties used are:

Average shear wave velocity

Average standard penetration resistance
Average standard penetration resistance for
the cohesionless soils only
Average undrained shear strength in case of
cohesive soils

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 Site characterization

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 Site-specific evaluation for SF
Is meant for soils vulnerable to potential failure or
collapse under seismic ground motions
Such as:
Liquefiable soils
Quick and highly sensitive clays
Collapsible weakly cemented soils
Peats and highly organic clays (H >10 ft)
Very high plasticity clays (PI > 75, H > 25 ft)
Very thick soft to medium soft clays (H >120 ft.)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

4- Definition of Seismic Response
Coefficients
(Ca, Cv)
5- Definition of Occupancy Category (I)
Occupancy Category from Table 16-K
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
6- Definition of Seismic Hazard Characteristics
(Na, Nv )
Seismic Hazard Characteristics Are based on:

The seismic zone

The proximity of the site to active seismic source
The site soils characteristics, and
The structures importance factor.

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 Proximity evaluation of the site
to active seismic sources
It is required only in UBC Zone 4.
Table 16-U divides the type of seismic sources in A, B
and C, depending upon:
Maximum magnitude the source can generate
Slip rate (in mm/year) of the source
Once the type of source(s) is defined two Near Source
Factors (Na and Nv) must be obtained, depending on
the distance to the seismic source(s).

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 TABLE 16-SNEAR-SOURCE FACTOR Na

TABLE 16-TNEAR-SOURCE FACTOR Nv

TABLE 16-USEISMIC SOURCE TYPE1

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

7- Over strength (Reduction) Factor
(R)
Two parameters are relevant
1- The structural material
 2- The lateral-load resisting system

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 TABLE 16-NSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 8- Structure Period [T]
The value of T shall be determined from one of the following methods:

1. Method A:
3
T st C t ( hn ) 4

Structure system ft. m

Steel moment-resisting frames
0.035 0.0853

R.C moment-resisting frames and eccentrically

Ct braced frames 0.030 0.0731

For all other buildings

0.020 0.0488

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 2. Method B:

Rayleigh Formula
n n
) Tdy 2 ( w i i ) / g ( Fi i
i 1 i 1

) (i . wi
) .(i Fi
. n
) (i ) .(Fi i
: +
. %25
100/.2 %100
500/ 2

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 In Seismic Zone 1, 2 and 3
Tdy 1.4T st T used is T dy

Tdy 1.4T st T used is 1.4T st

In Seismic Zone 4
Tdy 1.3T st T used is Tdy

Tdy 1.3T st T used is 1.3T st

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 9- Vertical Distribution of Force
n
V Ft Fi
i 1

IF T > 0.7 sec

Ft 0.07TV 0.25V

IF T 0.7 sec
Ft 0
Ft

( V-Ft)

W x hX
Fx (V Ft ) n
W i hi
i 1

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

10- Horizontal Distribution of Shear
The design story shear, Vx, in any story is the
sum of the forces Ft and Fx above that story.
Vx shall be distributed to the various
elements of the vertical lateral-force-
resisting system in proportion to their
rigidities.

The accidental torsional moment

( )

0.05
( ) Eccentricity = 0.05
:
 11- Horizontal Torsional Moments
The torsional design moment at a given story shall be the moment
resulting from eccentricities between applied design lateral forces at
levels above that story and the vertical-resisting elements in that
story plus an accidental torsion.

Torsional irregularity
max
(Torsional Irregularity) 20% avg
:

2

AX max .......... Torsional amplification Factor at level x.
1.2
avg

If max 1.2 avg ....e 0.05 * L* AX

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 max

avr .

min

min
avr .
max
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 Response
Spectrum

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 Response Spectrum
Important parameters required
for performing RSA:
1. Ground Motion and representation of RS
2. Modal Analysis
3. Method for combining Modal Maximum Responses
4. Scaling of Elastic Response Parameters
5. Directional Effects

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 1. Ground Motion and representation of RS

) (Ca and Cv ( ) .
).(g = 9.81 m/sec2
(ag) PGA Damping Soft Clay
Rock Damping , ag
. .
%10
.

:
(1
(2
(3

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 a/g

,
.
Ca
.2.5Ca
Ts 1/T .Cv
CV CV
2.5C a T S
TS 2.5C a
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97
 Base Shear V m* a
W a
V * * a W
g g
Response Spectrum T ) .(a/g
T ) (a/g
.
a 1
Cv
g T
CV
V W
T
,
)I (Important factor

CV I
V )W (Elastic
T

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97


) (Ductility -:
V1 V2 : " Period "

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 : " Damping "
.

V3 V1 .R
V1 Elastic Force
R
V3 Ductile Force

CV I
V W
R T
V
.
 -:
6

C a 0.2
)Seismic zone (2A

Z = 0.15

)Soil type (Stiff soil SD C V 0.32

CV 0.32
2.5C a T S 0.5818 sec
TS 2.5 * 0.22

To 0.2T S 0.116 sec

TS
a
2.5 C a 2.5 * 0.22 0.55 0.55
g
0.55 * 9.81 = 5.396 m/sec2

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 0.7 sec
CV 0.32
0.457
T 0.7
5.396 0.457*9.81 = 4.485 m/sec2
m/sec2 .

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 2. Modal Analysis
Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of
structures under vibration excitation.
The goal of modal analysis in structural mechanics is to
determine the natural mode shapes and frequencies of structure
during free vibration.
Response Spectrum analysis requires to include the response of
all significant modes to calculate the structure response.
To satisfy this requirement number of modes considered should
be such that, at least 90 percent of the participating mass of the
structure is included in the calculation of response for each
principal horizontal direction.

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 3. Method for combining Modal Maximum Responses
( ):
"Sum of Absolute Value" SAV or ABS -1

( )
.
ABS 10 + 4 + 2
-2 ""Square Root of the Sum of the Square
SRSS

.
.

.

.
1951

.

SRSS + +
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97
 -3 "Complete Quadratic Combination" CQC



.

CQC

+ + + + +

.CQC

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 4. Scaling of Elastic Response Parameters
.

(
) R .

.
Vdy .Vst

Vdy R
:

%90
.UBC 97
%80
.
%100
.

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed )Seismic Design (UBC 97

 Time History
Analysis

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

Time History Analysis is Nonlinear approach to calculate time varying
responses
 Selection of
Lateral Force
Procedure
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 Selection of Lateral Force
Procedure

Static Analysis Dynamic Analysis

Regular Structure H < 73 m Regular Structure H > 73 m

Irregular Structure H < 20 m Irregular Structure

Regular or Irregular in Regular or Irregular on poor soil & T>0.7 S

Seismic zone (1)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 Analysis
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
 1- Internal Forces

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

 2- Displacement and Story Drift

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)

Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)
Dr. Ayman Abd Elhamed Seismic Design (UBC 97)