While Statement:

C = (5/9)(F -32)
0 -17
20 -6
40 4

300 148

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* print Fahrenheit-Celsius table for fahr = 0, 20, Comments: explains what program does.
, 300 */ Anything between /* and */, or after // are
ignored by the compiler
int main ( int argc, char * argv[])
{
int fahr, celsius; This is a declaration which announces the
int lower, upper, step; properties of variables; it consists of a type
name and a list of variables.
int means that the variables listed are integers.
lower = 0; /*lower limit of temp table*/ Assignment statements: cause arithmetic to
upper = 300; /* upper limit */ be carried out.
step = 20; /* step size */ Individual statements are separated by
semicolons.
fahr = lower;
while (fahr <= upper) { While loop: loop that repeats one per output
line.
<=, >=, == are to compare.
The condition in parentheses is tested. If it is
true ( fahr <= upper) when the body of the loop
(the 3 statements enclosed in braces) is
executed. Then the condition is retested and if
true, executed again. When the test becomes
false, the loop ends.
celsius = 5 * (fahr-32) / 9;
printf (%d\t&d\n, fahr, celsius); %d specifies an integer argument.
\t is a tab
fahr = fahr + step
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS
}
For Statement

#include <stdio.h>

/* print Fahr-Celsius table */

int main (int argc, char * argv[])

{
int fahr;

for (fahr = 0; fahr <= 300; fahr = fahr + 20)

printf (%3d %6.1f\n, fahr, (5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32);

}

%d print as decimal integer

%6d print as decimal integer, at least 6 characters wide
%f print as floating point
%.2f print as floating point, 2 characters after decimal point
%6.2f print as floating point, at least 6 wide and 2 after decimal point
IF Statement

//To test for leap year >= 1582

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#define START_OF_GREG_CALENDAR 1582

int main ( int argc, char * argv[])
{
int year; scan(%d, &variable)
printf (please enter the year you are interested\n);
scanf (%d, &year);

assert (year >= START_OF_GREG_CALENDAR);

if ((year % 4) == 0) % is the remainder (i.e. the remainder
{ when year divided by 100)

if ((year % 100) == 0) == to compare

{ ==, <=, >= are always used in if and

if ((year % 400) == 0) while statements.
{
printf( IS A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}

else
{
printf (IS NOT A LEAP YEAR!\n)
}
}

else
{
printf( IS A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}

else
{
printf( NOT A LEAP YEAR!\n);
}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
isLeapYear function

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int isLeapYear (int year) {

int result;

if (year < 1582)

result = 0;

if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0)

result = 1;

else
result = 0;

return result;
}

int main (int argc, char * argv []) {

int year;

printf ("please enter the year you are interested in\n");

scanf ("%d", &year);

if (isLeapYear(year))
printf ("%d is a leap year!\n", year);
else
printf ("%d is not a leap year!\n", year);

return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}
Swap Function

//Swap Function

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void swap (int *first, int *second) {

int m;

m = *first;
*first = *second;
*second = m;
}

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

int first = 1;
int second = 2;

swap (&first, &second);

return first;
}

//Sort 3 numbers

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

int first, second, third;
int m , n, o;
scanf ("%d %d %d", &first, &second, &third);

if (first > second) {

m = first;
first = second;
second = m;
}

if (first > third) {

n = first;
first = third;
third = n;
}

if (second > third) {

o = second;
second = third;
third = o;
}

printf ("%d\n%d\n%d\n", first, second, third);

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
//ROT13

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#define FIRST_L_LETTER 'a'

#define MID_L_LETTER 'm'
#define LAST_L_LETTER 'z'

#define FIRST_U_LETTER 'A'

#define MID_U_LETTER 'M'
#define LAST_U_LETTER 'Z'

char encode (char letter) {

if (letter <= LAST_L_LETTER && letter >= FIRST_L_LETTER) {

if (letter <= MID_L_LETTER) {
letter = letter + 13;
}
else {
letter = letter - 13;
}
}
else if (letter <= LAST_U_LETTER && letter >= FIRST_U_LETTER) {
if (letter <= MID_U_LETTER) {
letter = letter + 13;
}
else {
letter = letter - 13;
}
}

printf ("%c", letter);

return letter;
}

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

char letter;
scanf ("%c", &letter);

while (letter) {
scanf ("%c", &letter);
encode (letter);
}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void testEncode (void) {

assert (encode ('A') == ('A'));
assert (encode ('1') == ('1'));
assert (encode (' ') == (' '));
}
Void and while functions

Void Function
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define LINE ******

void printChapter (int chapterNum) {

printf (LINE);
printf ("chapter %d", chapterNum);
printf (LINE);
printf ("\n\n\n");

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

printChapter (1);
printChapter (2);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

While Loop
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LINE "***"

void printChapter (int chapterNum) {

printf (LINE);
printf ("chapter %d", chapterNum);
printf (LINE);
printf (\n\n\n");
}

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

int chapterNum;
chapterNum = 1;

while (chapterNum <= 11) { chapterNum = chapterNum + 1;

printChapter (chapterNum); can be replaced with:
chapterNum = chapterNum + 1; chapterNum += 1;

}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
While loop

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int printWondrous (int start) {

int counter = 1;

while (start != 1) {

counter ++;

if (start % 2 == 0) {
start = start/2;
printf (" %d", start);
}
else {
start = (3*start + 1);
printf (" %d", start);
}
}

if (start == 1) {
printf ("\n");
}
return counter;
}

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

int start;
scanf ("%d", &start);
printWondrous (start);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
simpleEncode.c
// simpleEncode.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

#define STOP -1
#define ALPHABET_SIZE 27

char encode (char plainChar, char *permutation);

void testEncode (void);

int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {

char permutation[ALPHABET_SIZE];

scanf ("%s", permutation);

char plainChar = getchar();

while (plainChar != STOP) {

int encodedChar = encode (plainChar, permutation);
printf ("%c", encodedChar);
plainChar = getchar();
}

testEncode();

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void testEncode (void) {

assert (encode ('A',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'A');
assert (encode ('?',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == '?');
assert (encode (' ',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == ' ');
assert (encode ('\n',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == '\n');

assert (encode ('a',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'a');

assert (encode ('m',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'm');
assert (encode ('z',"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") == 'z');

assert (encode ('a',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'b');

assert (encode ('m',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'n');
assert (encode ('z',"bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza") == 'a');

assert (encode ('a',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'q');

assert (encode ('b',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'w');
assert (encode ('z',"qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm") == 'm');
}

char encode (char plainChar, char *permutation) {

char encodedChar;

if ( (plainChar >= 'a') && (plainChar <= 'z') ) {

encodedChar = permutation [plainChar - 'a'];
} else {
encodedChar = plainChar;
}
return encodedChar;
}