Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Introductory Electromagnetics
1
What is Electromagnetism?
Electromagnetic (EM) force is one of the four
fundamental forces in the universe.
EM force comes from EM waves. But we will
not study EM waves in this course.
What is an EM wave and how does it relate to
electric and magnetic fields? Understand this,
youll understand better what this course is
about.
2
What is Electromagnetism?
Electro-magnet-ism (or electromagnetics) is the
study of electric and magnetic fields as they exist
independently (this course) or when they co-exist
in an electromagnetic wave (next course).
E(x, z, t)
In EM wave, electric field is
in x-z plane and magnetic
field in y-z plane
z Diagram for info only,
no need to remember
for this course
B(y, z, t) z 3
What is Electromagnetism?
In EM wave, the E-field and B-field vary
with distance and time.
E(x, z, t) Diagram for info only,
no need to remember
for this course
z
B(y, z, t)
4
What is electromagnetism?
In this course, we dont study EM waves. We will
not study electric and magnetic fields when they
co-exist together. Instead, we will study the
fields as they exist separately.
7
Revision
1. What is THE main difference between an
electric field and a magnetic field?
An electric field can be an open or closed loop
but a magnetic field is always a closed loop.
2. Can a static or stationary electric charge
produce a magnetic field? No.
3. How does a magnet produce a magnetic field?
Magnets are made of atoms. Moving (orbiting)
electrons in each atom produce a tiny magnetic
field. In magnets, atoms are aligned along a
common line so the atoms magnetic fields add
8
up and become very strong.
Revision
4. If a medium has r = 5 and r = 1, what can you
say about the electrical and magnetic properties
of the material?
The medium is a dielectric (not free space)
since r 1 and is non-magnetic since r = 1.
5. If a medium has r = 2 and r = 5, what can you
say about the properties of the material?
It is not free space and is magnetic.
6. Given the following: electric force, electric field,
and electric potential. Which is not a vector?
Electric potential 9
Revision
7. Does a magnetic monopole exist?
No. It is an unsolved mystery. A magnet has south
and north poles - which forms a magnetic dipole. A
magnetic charge (or monopole) does not exist in
nature unlike an electric charge.
10
Basic ideas
q1q2 q1
F12 q2 E1 r where E1 r
4r122 12
4r12
2 12
q1 vector
position vector
z r12 = r2 r1
r1
q2
r2
F12 = q2E1
y
O
Note: r21 = r1 r2
x
So, r12 = -r21 12
Basic ideas
Note how x is
measured between
the spherical charges
from their centers
15
Basic ideas
If there is no electric field E = 0, then FB = qvB. The
force exerted on the charged particle is perpendicular
to its velocity v. The charged particle moves in a
circle due to the magnetic field.
If both E and B exist, the charged particle moves in a
spiral because the resultant force is F = FE + FB.
Draw a diagram for Lorentz force.
16
Basic ideas
N Note that E and
B are uniform,
+ i.e., they are
constant and do
+ not change with
distance. The
E
+ direction of E
and B are also
+ perpendicular to
v each other.
+ q
B
+
S 17
Course Objectives
Introduce ways of describing (physical
concept) and quantifying (mathematics)
electric field with related parameters in
electrostatics
Introduce ways of describing and
quantifying magnetic field with related
parameters in magnetostatics
18
Learning Outcomes
Analyze and determine electric fields in
electrostatic applications in both free space
and dielectric medium
Solve boundary value problems involving
electrostatic fields
Analyze and determine magnetic fields in
magnetostatic applications
Solve problems involving magnetic forces
and devices that are magnetic
19
Time Table
Tutorial: Starts Week 4 (5)
Group 1 even week (from Wk 4)
Group 2 odd week (from Wk 5)
20
Consultation Hour
21
Assessment
22
Topics to be covered
1. Vector algebra
2. Coordinate system & transformation
3. Vector calculus
4. Electrostatic fields
5. Electric fields in material space
6. Electrostatic boundary value problems
7. Magnetostatic fields
8. Magnetic forces, materials and devices
23
Recommended Books
24
Recommended Books
25
Lastly,
26