United States Patent
Greven
us) 3,693,395
1451 Sept. 26, 1972
[54] RECIPROCATING CARRIAGE
DRAWING MACHINE
[72] Inventor: Johann Greven, Schleckheim, Ger-
many
Schumag Schumacher Metallwerke
Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haf-
tung, Aachen, Germany
[22] Filed: July 15, 1970
[21] Appl. No. $5,092
[73] Assignee:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data
July 16, 1969 Germany nnnP 19 36 139.8
[52] US.CL.. 72/287
(51) Int. Cl. B2le 1/28
[58] Field of Search.....72/287, 290, 426; 214/1 BB,
214/t.1, 1.7
(56) References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2,781,136 2/1957 Sehnet al. 214/1 BB
2\910,321 10/1959 Sehn etal. -214/1 BB
2/943,750 7/1960 Sehn et al 72/426
1,298,999 4/1919 Moltrum. 72/290
27367793 1/1942 Mellvried et al. ..-..-72/290
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS
456,226 4/1949 Canada. 721426
Primary Examiner—Charles W. Lanham
Assistant Examiner—Michael J. Keenan
‘Attorney—Curt M. Avery, Arthur E. Wilfond, Herbert
L. Lerner and Daniel J. Tick
(57) ABSTRACT
Reciprocating carriage drawing machine includes first
guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a
drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in the
guideways, revolving cam means operatively con-
nected to the drawing carriage for reciprocating the
same along the first guideways, an intermediate car-
riage interposed between the drawing carriage and the
‘cam means for lengthening the stroke of the drawing
carriage, the intermediate carriage being also opera-
tively connected to the cam means and being similarly
reciprocable thereby in second guideways in the given
direction, and step-up transmission means for
increasing the length of stroke of the drawing carriage
comprising at least one axle carried by the inter-
mediate carriage and extending substantially perpen-
dicularly to the given drawing direction, a pinion
loosely mounted on the axle and being in meshing en-
‘gagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack
‘and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in
third guideways paralled to the drawing direction, the
slidable rack being coupled to the drawing carriage.
10 Claims, 8 Drawing FiguresPATENTED SEP 26 1972 3,693,395
SHEET 1 OF 3
YZ 3
10 8 FIG. 23,693,395
PATENTED SEP 26 1972
SHEET 2 OF 3PATENTEDSEP 26 (972 3,693,395
SHEET 3 OF 33,693,395
i
RECIPROCATING CARRIAGE DRAWING
MACHINE
The invention relates to a reciprocating carriage
drawing machine comprising at least one drawing car-
riage which is reciprocable by a revolving cam in ways
in the machine frame parallel to the direction of draw-
ing.
‘Among conventional reciprocating carriage drawing
machines one in which two draw carriages and two
cams so cooperate that the stock can be continuously
drawn straight through the machine is now widely used.
This known type of drawing machine is suitable for
drawing bar and tube stock even when a very high
quality product is required. The stock is drawn in a
straight ine with a simultaneous reduction in cross sec-
tion, and at the same time it is straightened. It can be
continuously drawn in straight sections, and lengths of
the desired size can be cut off.
One objection to these known reciprocating carriage
drawing machines is that drawing speeds exceeding
about 50 meters/minute are not feasible, more particu-
larly for the following reasons. Each revolution of the
mainshaft and each consequent revolution of the cams
generates a complete reciprocation of the two drawing
carriages. Based on practicable numerical values each
drawing carriage may draw the stock a distance of say
450 mm in each reciprocation so that the stock will be
drawn a total distance of 900 mm through the machine
in the course of each revolution of the mainshaft. For
achieving a drawing speed of 60 meters/minute, the
mainshaft in the assumed conditions would have to
revolve ata speed of 66% r.p.m.
If this speed were to be raised, the times available for
acceleration, deceleration and speed equality of the
drawing carriages would become very short and func-
tional imprecision would necessarily be the result, For
instance, the transfer of the stock form one carriage to
the other might cease to be effected within the very
short time of speed equality of the two carriages. This
would result in a jerky action, possibly with short
periods of standstill in the passage of the stock through
the machine, Furthermore, between the instant of trig-
gering the closing of the gripping jaws on the carriages
and the actual closing ofthe jaws there is usually a fixed
and constant time interval that is inherent in the design
ofthe machine and that may become very noticeable at
very high speeds. Practical tests have shown that an in-
crease in the speed of the mainshaft beyond the above-
mentioned limiting speed causes the resultant irregu-
larities in the drawing action adversely to affect the
quality of the product.
Furthermore, an increase in the length of the stroke
generated by the cams fails to lead to the desired im-
provement. Although the paths available for accelera-
tion, deceleration and speed equality of the carriages
would be lengthened and the last above-mentioned dif-
ficulties would be overcome, any increase in the stroke
without a simultaneous increase in the diameter of the
cam would involve so considerable an increase in the
angular pitch of the cam that no useful construction for
dealing with the consequent thrusts would be feasible.
(On the other hand, ifthe original angle of pitch were to
be retained then the stroke could be increased only at
the expense of 2 simultaneous enlargement of the
diameter of the cam. This would mean a bul
machine frame, a corresponding increase in the cost of
20
25
35
40
4s
so
65
2
the machine and more floor space for its erection. Also
the larger size of the machine would be an incon-
venience in operation. Finally, the curved surfaces of
cams of major diameter cannot be produced on stan-
dard copy milling machines the production of the cams
for conventional drawing machines already neces-
sitates full use being made of the available capacity of
standard copy tines, In other words, spe-
ial, larger copy milling machines would be needed and
this would have very adverse effects upon the coast of
production. For large diameter stock a drawing speed
of about 60 meters/minute is generally high enough.
However, for smaller diameter stock, for instance for
the production of copper pipes and for drawing solid
bar stock having diameters between 2 and 15 mm, the
economy of the machine would be greatly improved if
drawing speeds could be increased. The smaller diame-
ter stock also requires lower pulling forces, and the
power requirements would in principle still be within
admissible limits if the drawing speeds were increased.
Chain and rope type drawing benches operating at
speeds exceeding 60 meters per minute are well known
in the art. However, these benches are unsuitable for
the continuous drawing of stock. The finished lengths
of the drawn stock are not arbitrarily selectable since
they depend upon the size ofthe bench.
Higher drawing speeds and a continuous process of
drawing can be achieved by using conventional drum
or sheave type drawing machines. However the final
product obtainable on such machines is in the form of
coils or rings. Straight tubes or rods can be obtained
only by carrying out a supplementary straightening
process. The cross sections that are obtained also tend
to deviate from the circular, and to become oval.
Furthermore, the internal stresses in the material may
vary. Experience has shown that the necessarily follow-
ing straightening operation particularly in the case of
copper tubes, for example, on roller-straightening
machines, for instance also usually creates considera-
ble difficulties.
It is the object of the present invention so to contrive
a reciprocating carriage type drawing machine of the
first hereinabove specified kind in which at least one
drawing carriage is reciprocable by a revol
ways in the machine frame parallel to the
drawing, that without any change in the usual speed of
the mainshaft, or the usual diameter of the cam, or the
usual pitch of the cam, a drawing speed higher than
heretofore obtainable can be achieved without adver-
sely affecting the functional cooperation between the
parts of the machine and the drawn stock,
With the foregoing and other objects in view, I pro-
vide reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris-
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounte:
the first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to the drawing carriage for reciprocating the
same along the first guideways, an intermediate car-
riage interposed between the drawing carriage and the
‘cam means for lengthening the stroke of the drawing
carriage, the intermediate carriage being also opera
tively connected to the cam means and being similarly
reciprocable thereby in second guideways in the given
drawing direction, and step-up transmission means for
increasing the length of stroke of the drawing carriage3,693,395
3
comprising at least one axle carried by the intermediate
carriage and extending substantially perpendicularly to
the given drawing direction, a pinion loosely mounted
on the axle and being in meshing engagement at one
side thereof witha stationary rack and on the other side
thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel
to the drawing direction, the slidable rack being cou-
pled to the drawing carriage.
The provision of the intermediate carriage makes it
unnecessary to modify the design of the conventional
cam member for the purposes of the invention. The
cam may be of the same diameter, its length may be the
same and its pitch and speed may be as before. Con-
sequently the intermediate carriage which is,
reciprocated by the cam moves in principle in exactly
the same way and at the same speeds as the drawing
carriage in the prior art reciprocating carriage
machine. Assuming the above mentioned speed of
Fevolution of the mainshaft of 66%r.p.m. the inter-
mediate carriage will reciprocate at a speed cor-
responding to a drawing speed of about 60 meters per
minute, The axle which is mounted in the intermediate
carriage crosswise of its direction of reciprocation, and
which carries a loose pinion, participates in these
reciprocation one side of the loose pinion rolls on the
rack that is affixed to the frame. Consequently the
‘other side of the pinion travels at twice the speed of the
intermediate carriage, and thus also covers twice the
distance. These movements of the pinion are trans-
‘mitted to the rack that is slidable in the intermediate
ccattiage in the direction of drawing. Owing to the one-
‘way coupling of the drawing carriage to the sliding rack
the drawing carriage also moves twice as far as the in-
termediate carriage. The times required for the draw-
ing carriage to cover a given distance are equal to the
times required for the intermediate carriage to travel
half this distance. Therefore, assuming that the speeds
of the intermediate carriage correspond to a drawing
speed of about 60 meters per minute, the drawing car-
iage in the proposed arrangement will move at a draw-
ing speed of 120 meters/minute. In a conventional
reciprocating carriage drawing machine comprising
two drawing carriages and two cams and equipped ac-
cording to the invention with two intermediate car-
riages, the cyclic operations and the available path
lengths for deceleration, acceleration and speed equali-
ty between the carriages for performing these opera-
tions can provide a machine that performs just as re-
liably at @ drawing speed of 120 meters/minute as a
machine lacking intermediate carriages and operating
ata drawing speed of only 60 meters/minute.
If in the proposed machine the torque of the
mainshaft remains the same as before the drawing pull
of the machine at a drawing speed of 120 me-
ters/minute will be roughly only half that developed by
the prior art machine at a speed of 60 meter/minute.
lowever, this imposes no limitations upon the applica
ty of the proposed drawing machine since, as al-
ready previously explained, the higher drawing speeds
are more specifically wanted for drawing stock of rela-
tively smaller diameters, between say 2 and 15 mm,
that is to say when the pulling power need not be so
high.
The higher expenditure in structural means in the
proposed reciprocating carriage drawing machine, due
10
20
2s
30
45
50
8
60
65
4
to the provision of an intermediate carriage, i relative-
ly low. More particularly itis lower than the additional
expenditure in means involved in taking alternative
steps, such as an increase in the dimensions of the cam
unit and a consequent in the overall size of the machine
frame,
Unlike conventional chain and rope type drawing
benches or drum and sheave type drawing machines
the proposed reciprocating carriage machine shares the
advantage of the prior art reciprocating carriage
machine of permitting the stock to be drawn continu-
ously in a straight line with the highest possible preci-
sion.
In a useful further development of the proposed
reciprocating carriage drawing machine a fixed rack
may be provided on each side of the machine frame
‘and two pinions which are mounted side by side in the
intermediate carriage and of which one meshes with
‘one of the two fixed racks and the second with the
other of the fixed racks, may both mesh with a sliding
rack which is located between the two pinions and
which has rack teeth on each side for this purpose.
This form of construction has the advantage that
owing to the symmetry of its design forces are
generated only in drawing direction and that no lateral
or tilting forces arise which could adversely affect and *
‘cause wear in the ways. Moreover, each of the pinions
and of the two fixed racks need transmit only one half
of the total force. This also applies to each set of teeth
cn the centrally disposed two-sided sliding rack.
In a desirable embodiment of the proposed drawing
machine the sliding rack is guided in ways in the inter-
mediate carriage.
This is a feature that avoids structurally more ambi-
tious arrangements of providing ways in the machine
frame. Moreover, the provision of ways in the inter-
mediate cartiage is better for relatively adjusting the
Pitch circles of the pinion or pinions and the pitch line
of the rack with satisfactory precision and with the aid
of simple structural means. In a preferred embodiment
of this feature the ways for the sliding rack are in-
tegrally formed in a structural clement in the inter-
mediate carriage that also contains the pinion axles.
According to another feature of the proposed draw-
ing machine the one-way coupling between the sliding
rack and the drawing carriage couples only in the
pulling direction.
This feature avoids static over-determination that
right lead to jamming or wedging,
However, a particularly desirable feature of the
proposed drawing machine comprises ways disposed in
tiers for the drawing carriage and the intermediate car-
riage.
This arrangement avoids the necessity of extending
the length of the machine beyond the length of the
stroke of the drawing carriage. Overall the machine
may thus be of relatively compact design, since the
drawing carriage and the intermediate carriage can
reciprocate at different level the one above the other.
Yet another feature of the proposed drawing
machine comprises the provision of pinions in the form
of double pinions having different numbers of teeth on
two pitch circles, of which one meshes with the fixed
rack and the other with the sliding rack.3,693,395
5
This form of pinion enables drawing speeds to be
generated that are not double those but less than dou-
ble those attainable in the described type of prior art
drawing machines. For instance, the increase in draw-
ing speed may be only one and a half times the speed of 5
the conventional machine. This lower increase in draw-
ing speed may be better when the stock has a diameter
somewhat exceeding say 15 mm, so that, on the one
hand, itis desirable to have a drawing speed exceeding
60 meters/minute, whereas, on the other hand, the
necessary pulling force would not be available if the
step-up ratio were as high as 2: 1.
Naturally this feature of providing double pinions in
the proposed drawing machine may also be used to in-
crease the stroke length of the sliding rack by more
than 2: 1. In such a case it may be advisable for the
fixed racks to project inwardly sufficiently far from the
frame to provide clearance for the accommodation of
the larger diameter pitch circle of the double pinions in
the machine frame.
Furthermore a desirable arrangement in the
proposed drawing machine comprises dividing the
pinions andjor the racks in their median center planes
and providing means for relatively shifting and locking
the teeth of the two halves for the purpose of taking up
backlash due to wear of the tooth flanks.
As already described, the cam flights in the propose
reciprocating carriage drawing machine may be of the
same form of construction as in the corresponding
prior art reciprocating carriage drawing machines.
However, primarily in view of the much higher speeds
attained by the drawing carriages during their recipro-
cation, it must be borne in mind that particularly high
inertial moments are generated at the points of motion
reversal. Let a conventional reciprocating carriage
drawing machine be considered in which the cam has
the form of a cylinder cam on a shaft (mainshaft) ex-
tending parallel to the direction of drawing, and in
which the cam flight comprises screw or helical por-
tions. In this prior art drawing machine the cam flight
projects from the cylinder and has two flanks. One of
the following rollers rides on each of these flanks and in
the conventional drawing machine the two follower rol-
lers are mounted in the drawing carriage. One of the
rollers transmits the working force for the actual draw.
The axle of this roller is fixed in the drawing carriage.
‘The other roller serves for transmitting the force during
the return stroke and ensures that both rollers remain
continuously in firm contact with the flanks of the cam
fight. The axle of this roller is fixed in the drawing car-
riage. The other roller serves for transmitting the force
uring the return stroke and ensures that both rollers
remain continuously in firm contact with the flanks of 55
the cam flight. The axle of this other roller is resiliently
‘mounted in the drawing carriage in the conventional
prior art arrangement. Since the forces during the
return stroke are much smaller than those required for
the drawing stroke it is possible without difficulty to en-
sure that both rollers continuously maintain contact
with both sides of the cam. MOreover, in the conven-
tional drawing machine the center distance between
the two rollers remains more or less constant during the
passage of the cam flight between them. In the conven-
tional drawing machine this is achieved by making the
portion of the cam flight generating the return motion
20
25
30
35
40
4s
50
6s
6
‘which is more steeply pitched in order to accelerate the
return, somewhat thinner than other portions. In the
prior art drawing machine, in order to maintain a con-
stant center distance between the rollers, the cam flight
is widest at the reversal points, slightly thinner along
that part which generates the drawing stroke, in ac-
cordance with the pitch of this part, and thinnest along
the part that generates the carriage return
In principle the above described design of cam may
be adopted unchanged for use in the proposed drawing
machine, excepting that the cam in the proposed
machine will then cooperate with the intermediate car-
riage instead of with the drawing carriage. The inter-
‘mediate carriage in the proposed drawing machine will
in such a case preferably be provided with the same
kind of follower rollers as above described for coopera-
tion with the flanks of the cam flights. In other words,
the roller for transmitting the drawing stroke will be
‘mounted in fixed bearings and that for generating the
return motion for keeping the two rollers in contact will
bbe mounted in resiliently yielding bearings.
It has already been mentioned that in the proposed
drawing machine, particularly owing to the higher
speed attained by the drawing carriage during recipro-
cation, the inertial forces at the point of motion rever-
sal are higher than in the prior art drawing machine.
This may lead to the resilience of the yielding roller not
being sufficient to ensure the maintenance of contact,
between the rollers and the flanks of the cam at the
points of motion reversal. A general increase in the
biasing spring force at points where higher contact,
pressure is not needed would merely increase were of
the cam flight, particularly in the region which
‘generates the drawing stroke, and which must be spe-
cially accurate and precise.
For increasing the biasing spring pressure merely at
the points where the cam generates the motion reversal
the present invention proposes to widen the cam flight
at the reversal points on that side which faces away
form the thrust transmitting roller.
This widening of the cam flight slightly increases the
center distance between the return roller and the draw-
ing roller at the points of motion reversal and the stacks
of springs which provide the resilient bearing support
of the return rollers are thus additionally compressed,
their consequent higher thrust then enabling them to
‘maintain contact of the drawing and return rollers with
the flanks of the cam even at the points of motion
reversal. Elsewhere along the length of the cam flight
the contact maintaining thrust will then again be less
and equal to that generated in the conventional prior
art machine. The widening of the cam flight on the side
remote from the drawing roller has the effect that only
the return rollers are displaced from their normal path,
whereas the drawing rollers continue to ride on the
original design path for generating the required
reciprocatory carriage motion, despite the widening of
the flight.
Moreover, it is preferred in the proposed drawing.
‘machine that the one-way coupling between the draw-
ing carriage and the sliding rack should be at the trail-
ing end of the rack when viewed in drawing direction.
‘The purpose of this is to subject the sliding rack to
tension during its working stroke. It can then be of
thinner cross section than would be the case if the rack3,693,395
7
were subjected to compression and to the attendant
buckling loads. Since the forces transmitted during
return are very much lower the buckling loads during
return do not call for a larger cross section.
‘Other features which are considered as characteristic
for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described
herein as embodied in reciprocation carriage drawing
machine, its nevertheless not intended to be limited to
the details shown, since various modifications and
structural changes may be made therein without de-
parting from the spirit of the invention and within the
Scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The construction and method of operation of the in-
vention, however, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof will be best understood from the
following description of a specific embodiment when
read in connection with the accompanying drawing, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of the machine frame
of my invention showing the drawing and intermediate
carriages.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the intermediate carriage,
part of the fixed racks secured to the machine frame,
and the sliding rack of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section, on a
smaller scale, of an intermediate carriage, part of the
cam, the drawing and return rollers cooperating with
the cam, the sliding rack and the one-way coupling
between the sliding rack and the drawing carriage con-
structed according to the invention,
FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevational view, on a still
smaller scale, of the drawing machine according to the
invention, for continuous drawing, showing two cam
members, two intermediate carriages and two drawing
carriages.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross sectional view on a
scale larger than that of FIGS. 1 and 2, showing a dou-
ble pinion with different diameter pitch circles bearing
different numbers of teeth of provide a transmission
ratio in the direction of lengthening the stroke of the
sliding rack beyond a ration of 2 : 1, and also showing
the projecting disposition of a fixed rack.
FIGS, 6a and 66 are sectional views at an even larger
scale of a divided pinion and adjusting means for rela-
tively adjusting the gear teeth of the two halves for the
purpose of taking up backlash due to wear.
FIG. L7 isa view form above, to a scale intermediate
that of FIGS. 3 and 4, of a developed part of a cam
flight on a cam member in which the cam flight in
widened on the side remote from the drawing follower
roller in the region of motion reversal of the inter-
mediate carriage.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a
reciprocating carriage drawing machine according to
the invention which for continuously drawing a stock,
and as shown in FIG. 4, includes two drawing carriages
10, 10°, two intermediate carriages 4, 4’ and two
cylinder cams 1, 1’. The cam flights on these cam cylin-
ders cooperate with follower rollers 2, 3, and 2', 3, and
2', 3' which are mounted in the drawing carriages. The
cylinder cams 1, 1’ are jointly driven by a mainshaft 14.
FIG. 4 also shows the sliding racks 7, 7 and their
coupling connections with the drawings carriages 10,
10" by coupling members 9,9".
10
1s
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30
3s
40
45
55
6s
8
Other important details are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
FIG. 1 shows the drawing carriage 10 mounted in ways
12 and the intermediate carriage 4 sliding in ways 11
Both pairs of ways are fixed in he machine frame 13.
Likewise fixed in the machine frame 13 are stationary
racks 8. FIG. 1 also shows a roller 2 which cooperates
with one flank of the cam flight on the cam cylinder 1
Axle pins 76 mounted in the intermediate carriage
‘carry pinions § which are loose on these axles. The
Pinions mesh, on the one hand, with the stationary
racks 8 and, on the other hand, with a movable rack 7
which is slidably mounted in ways in the intermediate
iage 4. When the intermediate carriage 4 moves,
the pinions § roll on the stationary racks 8 and propel
the movable sliding rack 7 a distance equal to twice the
stroke of the intermediate carriage; cf. FIG. 2.
With reference to FIG. 3 it will be understood in
detail how the cylinder cam 1 cooperates with the rol-
lers 2 and 3 of the intermediate carriage 4. During each
complete revolution of the cylinder cam I the inter-
mediate carriage 4 performs a complete reciprocation
of prescribed stroke, and the sliding rack 7 performs a
similar reciprocation of twice the length of the stroke
of the intermediate carriage. The coupling member 9
transmits this double length stroke to the drawing car-
riage 10, but the coupling connection is maintained
only in drawing direction.
The provision of an axle pin 6 on each side of the in-
termediate carriage permits very considerable forces to
be transmitted even by simple structural means. The in-
dividual path lengths associated on the cam flight with
acceleration, deceleration, speed equality, draw and
return, are magnified to twice their lengths by the na-
ture of the transmission to the drawing carriage of the
proposed machine, without the necessity of providing a
‘cam designed to generate a longer stroke. If in the
above described example the total length of the draw
during one revolution of the mainshaft in a conven-
tional machine is assumed to be 900 mm, then the
proposed drawing machine will provide a correspond-
ing draw of 1,800 mm. Consequently the drawing por-
tion of the proposed drawing machine must be longer
than in the corresponding conventional machine. In
‘width the. proposed machine may be the same as the
conventional machine, The proposed machine does not
therefore require any change in the manner in which it
is operated. It is also an advantage that the cams which
‘cam in practice are proven thrust generating means can
in principle be retained. The operating frequency in the
course of each cycle is the same in the proposed
machine as in the corresponding conventional
machine, The transfer of the stock from one carriage to
the other in the proposed machine proceeds within a
path length of speed equality that is twice that available
in the conventional machine. Consequently the
Proposed machine functionally ensures that the stock
will be continuously drawn without jerks and irregulari-
ties,
The doubled length of the drawing stroke of both
drawing carriages in the proposed drawing machine
also has other advantages, namely in the context of the
stipping of the stock by the jaws on the drawing car-
riages. The pointed beak of the stock is gripped
between the jaws of the first drawing carriage and
pulled forward through the dieplate by the length of the3,693,395
9
stroke of the drawing carriage. During the second draw
the entire length of the jaws of the first drawing car-
riage will already grip the surface of the stock, whereas,
in a corresponding conventional machine of the previ-
ously prescribed kind this will not be the case and the
full length of the jaws will not yet come into contact,
with the drawn surface of the stock. This is a particu-
larly useful feature when drawing a tube stock. When
the proposed drawing machine is used for drawing a
tube stock the process of drawing-in is substantially im-
proved by the doubling of the length of the drawing
stroke.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 axle pins 19
are provided in the intermediate carriage 18, and dou-
ble pinions 17’ and 17” are loosely mounted on these
pins. A rack 16 is affixed to project from the machine
frame 15. The pinion 17 meshes with this fixed rack
16, whereas the pinion 17” meshes with a rack 7 that is
slidably mounted. In this embodiment the length of the
stroke of the rack 7 may be more than twice the length
of the stroke of the intermediate carriage 18 by an
amount equal to twice the ratio of the number of gear
teeth of the tow two pinions 17' and 17”. Itwill be un-
derstood that the projection of the rack 16 from the
side of the framing provides the necessary clearance for
the larger diameter pinion 17” to be accommodated in
the machine frame 15.
For the following explanations reference will be
made to FIGS. 6a and 66. In order to ensure that the
drawing carriages move smoothly, particularly through
their reversal points, the teeth of the pinions must mesh
with the racks with as little backlash as possible. For
this purpose means must be provided to compensate
‘wear on the tooth flanks. This can be done by a divided
form of construction of the pinions and by relatively
adjusting or resetting the teeth 20 and 21 of the two
halves. The tooth width must be so designed that the
teeth 20 and 21 on each half can transmit the full load.
For the purpose of relatively shifting and locking the
tooth flanks of the teeth 20 and 21 two holes 23 are
located on a pitch circle 25 in the upper half of the
pinion, whereas the lower half of the pinion is provided
with two coned depressions 22 that are off-center in
opposite directions with respect to the holes in the
upper half ofthe pinion. With the aid of grub screws 24
hhaving a coned point the teeth 20 and 21 can thus be
relatively moved. The upper and bottom half of the
pinion are then clamped firmly together by screws 24
engaging tapped holes 26. The clearance between
tooth flanks is not adjusted until the pitch circle of the
pinion and the pitch line of the rack are tangent. For
this purpose the axis of the pinion is eccentrically
mounted. The pinions are first adjusted with reference
to the sliding rack 7 in the middle. When this has been
done the outer racks 8 are adjusted in the machine
frame with reference to the adjusted position of the
pinion,
‘The following explanations make reference to FIG. 7
of the drawings. Owing to the inertial forces the roller 2
may lift off the tracks 29, 30 at the points of pitch
reversal of the cam flight 1. The center distance
between the rollers 2 and 3 should normally remain
constant. In order to ensure that this also applies at the
reversal points the stack of springs 28 at these points
would have to provide several times the biasing thrust
10
‘needed elsewhere. Since increased biasing thrust of the
spring stack 28 along the forward nand return paths 29
and 30s unnecessary and may even be undesirable, the
spring stack 28 in a machine according to the invention
given the usual bias and the necessary increase in
thrust at the reversal points 27 is obtained by increasing
the center distance between the two rollers 2 and 3 at
these points, and by thereby increasing the compres-
sion of the stacks of springs 28. This step ensures that
the rollers 2 and 3 sill maintain contact with the cam,
The shape of the cam 29, 30 must, of course, not be
changed because this determines the character of car-
riage reciprocation. Consequently the cam flight must
be thickened on that side 31 of the flight which faces
away from the rollers 2 which take the load at reversal.
Telaim:
1. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris-
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in
id first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw-
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
operatively connected to said cam means and being
imilarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said
intermediate carriage and extending substantially per-
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, a machine
frame, two stationary racks mounted on opposite sides
of said machine frame, said transmission means com-
prising two pinion means mounted side-by-side on said
intermediate carriage, said two pinion means being in
respective meshing engagement at one side thereof
ith said stationary racks and on the other side thereof
with a rack slideable in third guideways parallel to said
drawing direction, said slideable rack being disposed
between said two pinion means and carrying rack teeth
‘on each side thereof respectively meshing with said two
pinion means.
2, Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris-
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocatingly mounted
in said first guideways, revolving cam means operative-
ly connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw-
ing cartiage, said intermediate carriage being also
operatively connected to said cam means and being
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
Bat least one axle carried by said
and extending substantially per-
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion
‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
id slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car-
riage by a one-way coupling effective only in said given
drawing direction.
3
10
15
as
30
35
40
45
35
ing carriage compr3,693,395
it
3. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris-
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing cartiage reciprocably mounted in
said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating $
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw-
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
operatively connected to said cam means and being !0
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising at least on axle carried by said
intermediate carriage and extending substant
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion
‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing
riage, said third guideways being mounted on said i
termediate carriage and said first and second
guideways for said drawing and said intermediate car-
riages respectively, are mounted in rails located above
one another.
4. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine comp
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in
said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- 35
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
operatively connected to said cam means and being
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising at least one axle catried by said
intermediate carriage and extending substantially per-
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion
‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car-
riage, said pinion means being in the form of a double
pinion, the pinions of said pinion means having dif-
ferent numbers of teeth, one of the pinions of sai
pinion means being in meshing engagement with said
stationary rack and the other of the pinion of sai
pinion means being in meshing engagement with said
slideable rack.
5, Machine according to claim 1 wherein each of said
inion means is in the form of a double pinion, the two
inions 05 each of said pinion means having different
numbers of teeth, one of the two pinions of each of said
pinion means being in meshing engagement with said
stationary rack, and the other of the two pinions of
each of said pinion means being in meshing engage-
ment with said slidable rack.
6, Machine according to claim § wherein said double
pinions have a transmission ratio lengthening the stroke
of said drawing carriage beyond a ration of 2: 1, said
stationary racks extending inwardly for a distance af-
20
2s
30
40
45
50
35
o
6s
12
fording space within said machine frame for accom-
‘modating the larger of the two pinions of each of said
pinion means.
7. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine comy
ing first guideways extending in a given drawi
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in
said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw-
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
‘operatively connected to said cam means and being
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said
intermediate carriage and extending substantially per-
Pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion
means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car-
riage, said pinion means being formed of two parts
‘meeting in a median center plane thereof, and means
for relatively adjusting and locking the teeth of both
said parts thereof for equalizing wear of the flanks of
the teeth
8, Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris-
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
ction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in
said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lenghtening the stroke of said draw-
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
‘operatively connected to said cam means and being
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising atleast one axle carried by said
intermediate carriage and extending substantially per-
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion
‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car-
riage, said racks being formed of two parts respectively,
‘meeting in a median center plane thereof, and means
for relatively adjusting and locking the teeth of both
said parts thereof for equalizing wear of the flanks of
the teeth of said racks.
9. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compri
ing first guideways extending in a given drawing
direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in
said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively
connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating
the same along said first guideways, an intermediate
carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and
said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw-
ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also
operatively connected to said cam means and being3,693,395
13
similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in
said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission
means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw-
ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said
intermediate carriage and extending wubstantally por
pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pi
tneans loossly mounted on said axle and being fn mesh-
ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary
rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable
in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction,
said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car-
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
ss
6s
14
riage, said intermediate carriage having load-bearing
rollers engageable with one side of a flight formed on
said rotary cam, said flight being widened on a side
thereof facing away from said load-bearing rollers in a
region of said flight at which reversal of direction oc-
curs.
10. Machine according to claim 2 wherein said one-
way coupling is located at the trailing end of said slida-
ble rack as viewed in direction of the drawing stroke.