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United States Patent Greven us) 3,693,395 1451 Sept. 26, 1972 [54] RECIPROCATING CARRIAGE DRAWING MACHINE [72] Inventor: Johann Greven, Schleckheim, Ger- many Schumag Schumacher Metallwerke Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haf- tung, Aachen, Germany [22] Filed: July 15, 1970 [21] Appl. No. $5,092 [73] Assignee: [30] Foreign Application Priority Data July 16, 1969 Germany nnnP 19 36 139.8 [52] US.CL.. 72/287 (51) Int. Cl. B2le 1/28 [58] Field of Search.....72/287, 290, 426; 214/1 BB, 214/t.1, 1.7 (56) References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,781,136 2/1957 Sehnet al. 214/1 BB 2\910,321 10/1959 Sehn etal. -214/1 BB 2/943,750 7/1960 Sehn et al 72/426 1,298,999 4/1919 Moltrum. 72/290 27367793 1/1942 Mellvried et al. ..-..-72/290 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 456,226 4/1949 Canada. 721426 Primary Examiner—Charles W. Lanham Assistant Examiner—Michael J. Keenan ‘Attorney—Curt M. Avery, Arthur E. Wilfond, Herbert L. Lerner and Daniel J. Tick (57) ABSTRACT Reciprocating carriage drawing machine includes first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in the guideways, revolving cam means operatively con- nected to the drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along the first guideways, an intermediate car- riage interposed between the drawing carriage and the ‘cam means for lengthening the stroke of the drawing carriage, the intermediate carriage being also opera- tively connected to the cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in the given direction, and step-up transmission means for increasing the length of stroke of the drawing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by the inter- mediate carriage and extending substantially perpen- dicularly to the given drawing direction, a pinion loosely mounted on the axle and being in meshing en- ‘gagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack ‘and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways paralled to the drawing direction, the slidable rack being coupled to the drawing carriage. 10 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTED SEP 26 1972 3,693,395 SHEET 1 OF 3 YZ 3 10 8 FIG. 2 3,693,395 PATENTED SEP 26 1972 SHEET 2 OF 3 PATENTEDSEP 26 (972 3,693,395 SHEET 3 OF 3 3,693,395 i RECIPROCATING CARRIAGE DRAWING MACHINE The invention relates to a reciprocating carriage drawing machine comprising at least one drawing car- riage which is reciprocable by a revolving cam in ways in the machine frame parallel to the direction of draw- ing. ‘Among conventional reciprocating carriage drawing machines one in which two draw carriages and two cams so cooperate that the stock can be continuously drawn straight through the machine is now widely used. This known type of drawing machine is suitable for drawing bar and tube stock even when a very high quality product is required. The stock is drawn in a straight ine with a simultaneous reduction in cross sec- tion, and at the same time it is straightened. It can be continuously drawn in straight sections, and lengths of the desired size can be cut off. One objection to these known reciprocating carriage drawing machines is that drawing speeds exceeding about 50 meters/minute are not feasible, more particu- larly for the following reasons. Each revolution of the mainshaft and each consequent revolution of the cams generates a complete reciprocation of the two drawing carriages. Based on practicable numerical values each drawing carriage may draw the stock a distance of say 450 mm in each reciprocation so that the stock will be drawn a total distance of 900 mm through the machine in the course of each revolution of the mainshaft. For achieving a drawing speed of 60 meters/minute, the mainshaft in the assumed conditions would have to revolve ata speed of 66% r.p.m. If this speed were to be raised, the times available for acceleration, deceleration and speed equality of the drawing carriages would become very short and func- tional imprecision would necessarily be the result, For instance, the transfer of the stock form one carriage to the other might cease to be effected within the very short time of speed equality of the two carriages. This would result in a jerky action, possibly with short periods of standstill in the passage of the stock through the machine, Furthermore, between the instant of trig- gering the closing of the gripping jaws on the carriages and the actual closing ofthe jaws there is usually a fixed and constant time interval that is inherent in the design ofthe machine and that may become very noticeable at very high speeds. Practical tests have shown that an in- crease in the speed of the mainshaft beyond the above- mentioned limiting speed causes the resultant irregu- larities in the drawing action adversely to affect the quality of the product. Furthermore, an increase in the length of the stroke generated by the cams fails to lead to the desired im- provement. Although the paths available for accelera- tion, deceleration and speed equality of the carriages would be lengthened and the last above-mentioned dif- ficulties would be overcome, any increase in the stroke without a simultaneous increase in the diameter of the cam would involve so considerable an increase in the angular pitch of the cam that no useful construction for dealing with the consequent thrusts would be feasible. (On the other hand, ifthe original angle of pitch were to be retained then the stroke could be increased only at the expense of 2 simultaneous enlargement of the diameter of the cam. This would mean a bul machine frame, a corresponding increase in the cost of 20 25 35 40 4s so 65 2 the machine and more floor space for its erection. Also the larger size of the machine would be an incon- venience in operation. Finally, the curved surfaces of cams of major diameter cannot be produced on stan- dard copy milling machines the production of the cams for conventional drawing machines already neces- sitates full use being made of the available capacity of standard copy tines, In other words, spe- ial, larger copy milling machines would be needed and this would have very adverse effects upon the coast of production. For large diameter stock a drawing speed of about 60 meters/minute is generally high enough. However, for smaller diameter stock, for instance for the production of copper pipes and for drawing solid bar stock having diameters between 2 and 15 mm, the economy of the machine would be greatly improved if drawing speeds could be increased. The smaller diame- ter stock also requires lower pulling forces, and the power requirements would in principle still be within admissible limits if the drawing speeds were increased. Chain and rope type drawing benches operating at speeds exceeding 60 meters per minute are well known in the art. However, these benches are unsuitable for the continuous drawing of stock. The finished lengths of the drawn stock are not arbitrarily selectable since they depend upon the size ofthe bench. Higher drawing speeds and a continuous process of drawing can be achieved by using conventional drum or sheave type drawing machines. However the final product obtainable on such machines is in the form of coils or rings. Straight tubes or rods can be obtained only by carrying out a supplementary straightening process. The cross sections that are obtained also tend to deviate from the circular, and to become oval. Furthermore, the internal stresses in the material may vary. Experience has shown that the necessarily follow- ing straightening operation particularly in the case of copper tubes, for example, on roller-straightening machines, for instance also usually creates considera- ble difficulties. It is the object of the present invention so to contrive a reciprocating carriage type drawing machine of the first hereinabove specified kind in which at least one drawing carriage is reciprocable by a revol ways in the machine frame parallel to the drawing, that without any change in the usual speed of the mainshaft, or the usual diameter of the cam, or the usual pitch of the cam, a drawing speed higher than heretofore obtainable can be achieved without adver- sely affecting the functional cooperation between the parts of the machine and the drawn stock, With the foregoing and other objects in view, I pro- vide reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris- ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounte: the first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to the drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along the first guideways, an intermediate car- riage interposed between the drawing carriage and the ‘cam means for lengthening the stroke of the drawing carriage, the intermediate carriage being also opera tively connected to the cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in the given drawing direction, and step-up transmission means for increasing the length of stroke of the drawing carriage 3,693,395 3 comprising at least one axle carried by the intermediate carriage and extending substantially perpendicularly to the given drawing direction, a pinion loosely mounted on the axle and being in meshing engagement at one side thereof witha stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to the drawing direction, the slidable rack being cou- pled to the drawing carriage. The provision of the intermediate carriage makes it unnecessary to modify the design of the conventional cam member for the purposes of the invention. The cam may be of the same diameter, its length may be the same and its pitch and speed may be as before. Con- sequently the intermediate carriage which is, reciprocated by the cam moves in principle in exactly the same way and at the same speeds as the drawing carriage in the prior art reciprocating carriage machine. Assuming the above mentioned speed of Fevolution of the mainshaft of 66%r.p.m. the inter- mediate carriage will reciprocate at a speed cor- responding to a drawing speed of about 60 meters per minute, The axle which is mounted in the intermediate carriage crosswise of its direction of reciprocation, and which carries a loose pinion, participates in these reciprocation one side of the loose pinion rolls on the rack that is affixed to the frame. Consequently the ‘other side of the pinion travels at twice the speed of the intermediate carriage, and thus also covers twice the distance. These movements of the pinion are trans- ‘mitted to the rack that is slidable in the intermediate ccattiage in the direction of drawing. Owing to the one- ‘way coupling of the drawing carriage to the sliding rack the drawing carriage also moves twice as far as the in- termediate carriage. The times required for the draw- ing carriage to cover a given distance are equal to the times required for the intermediate carriage to travel half this distance. Therefore, assuming that the speeds of the intermediate carriage correspond to a drawing speed of about 60 meters per minute, the drawing car- iage in the proposed arrangement will move at a draw- ing speed of 120 meters/minute. In a conventional reciprocating carriage drawing machine comprising two drawing carriages and two cams and equipped ac- cording to the invention with two intermediate car- riages, the cyclic operations and the available path lengths for deceleration, acceleration and speed equali- ty between the carriages for performing these opera- tions can provide a machine that performs just as re- liably at @ drawing speed of 120 meters/minute as a machine lacking intermediate carriages and operating ata drawing speed of only 60 meters/minute. If in the proposed machine the torque of the mainshaft remains the same as before the drawing pull of the machine at a drawing speed of 120 me- ters/minute will be roughly only half that developed by the prior art machine at a speed of 60 meter/minute. lowever, this imposes no limitations upon the applica ty of the proposed drawing machine since, as al- ready previously explained, the higher drawing speeds are more specifically wanted for drawing stock of rela- tively smaller diameters, between say 2 and 15 mm, that is to say when the pulling power need not be so high. The higher expenditure in structural means in the proposed reciprocating carriage drawing machine, due 10 20 2s 30 45 50 8 60 65 4 to the provision of an intermediate carriage, i relative- ly low. More particularly itis lower than the additional expenditure in means involved in taking alternative steps, such as an increase in the dimensions of the cam unit and a consequent in the overall size of the machine frame, Unlike conventional chain and rope type drawing benches or drum and sheave type drawing machines the proposed reciprocating carriage machine shares the advantage of the prior art reciprocating carriage machine of permitting the stock to be drawn continu- ously in a straight line with the highest possible preci- sion. In a useful further development of the proposed reciprocating carriage drawing machine a fixed rack may be provided on each side of the machine frame ‘and two pinions which are mounted side by side in the intermediate carriage and of which one meshes with ‘one of the two fixed racks and the second with the other of the fixed racks, may both mesh with a sliding rack which is located between the two pinions and which has rack teeth on each side for this purpose. This form of construction has the advantage that owing to the symmetry of its design forces are generated only in drawing direction and that no lateral or tilting forces arise which could adversely affect and * ‘cause wear in the ways. Moreover, each of the pinions and of the two fixed racks need transmit only one half of the total force. This also applies to each set of teeth cn the centrally disposed two-sided sliding rack. In a desirable embodiment of the proposed drawing machine the sliding rack is guided in ways in the inter- mediate carriage. This is a feature that avoids structurally more ambi- tious arrangements of providing ways in the machine frame. Moreover, the provision of ways in the inter- mediate cartiage is better for relatively adjusting the Pitch circles of the pinion or pinions and the pitch line of the rack with satisfactory precision and with the aid of simple structural means. In a preferred embodiment of this feature the ways for the sliding rack are in- tegrally formed in a structural clement in the inter- mediate carriage that also contains the pinion axles. According to another feature of the proposed draw- ing machine the one-way coupling between the sliding rack and the drawing carriage couples only in the pulling direction. This feature avoids static over-determination that right lead to jamming or wedging, However, a particularly desirable feature of the proposed drawing machine comprises ways disposed in tiers for the drawing carriage and the intermediate car- riage. This arrangement avoids the necessity of extending the length of the machine beyond the length of the stroke of the drawing carriage. Overall the machine may thus be of relatively compact design, since the drawing carriage and the intermediate carriage can reciprocate at different level the one above the other. Yet another feature of the proposed drawing machine comprises the provision of pinions in the form of double pinions having different numbers of teeth on two pitch circles, of which one meshes with the fixed rack and the other with the sliding rack. 3,693,395 5 This form of pinion enables drawing speeds to be generated that are not double those but less than dou- ble those attainable in the described type of prior art drawing machines. For instance, the increase in draw- ing speed may be only one and a half times the speed of 5 the conventional machine. This lower increase in draw- ing speed may be better when the stock has a diameter somewhat exceeding say 15 mm, so that, on the one hand, itis desirable to have a drawing speed exceeding 60 meters/minute, whereas, on the other hand, the necessary pulling force would not be available if the step-up ratio were as high as 2: 1. Naturally this feature of providing double pinions in the proposed drawing machine may also be used to in- crease the stroke length of the sliding rack by more than 2: 1. In such a case it may be advisable for the fixed racks to project inwardly sufficiently far from the frame to provide clearance for the accommodation of the larger diameter pitch circle of the double pinions in the machine frame. Furthermore a desirable arrangement in the proposed drawing machine comprises dividing the pinions andjor the racks in their median center planes and providing means for relatively shifting and locking the teeth of the two halves for the purpose of taking up backlash due to wear of the tooth flanks. As already described, the cam flights in the propose reciprocating carriage drawing machine may be of the same form of construction as in the corresponding prior art reciprocating carriage drawing machines. However, primarily in view of the much higher speeds attained by the drawing carriages during their recipro- cation, it must be borne in mind that particularly high inertial moments are generated at the points of motion reversal. Let a conventional reciprocating carriage drawing machine be considered in which the cam has the form of a cylinder cam on a shaft (mainshaft) ex- tending parallel to the direction of drawing, and in which the cam flight comprises screw or helical por- tions. In this prior art drawing machine the cam flight projects from the cylinder and has two flanks. One of the following rollers rides on each of these flanks and in the conventional drawing machine the two follower rol- lers are mounted in the drawing carriage. One of the rollers transmits the working force for the actual draw. The axle of this roller is fixed in the drawing carriage. ‘The other roller serves for transmitting the force during the return stroke and ensures that both rollers remain continuously in firm contact with the flanks of the cam fight. The axle of this roller is fixed in the drawing car- riage. The other roller serves for transmitting the force uring the return stroke and ensures that both rollers remain continuously in firm contact with the flanks of 55 the cam flight. The axle of this other roller is resiliently ‘mounted in the drawing carriage in the conventional prior art arrangement. Since the forces during the return stroke are much smaller than those required for the drawing stroke it is possible without difficulty to en- sure that both rollers continuously maintain contact with both sides of the cam. MOreover, in the conven- tional drawing machine the center distance between the two rollers remains more or less constant during the passage of the cam flight between them. In the conven- tional drawing machine this is achieved by making the portion of the cam flight generating the return motion 20 25 30 35 40 4s 50 6s 6 ‘which is more steeply pitched in order to accelerate the return, somewhat thinner than other portions. In the prior art drawing machine, in order to maintain a con- stant center distance between the rollers, the cam flight is widest at the reversal points, slightly thinner along that part which generates the drawing stroke, in ac- cordance with the pitch of this part, and thinnest along the part that generates the carriage return In principle the above described design of cam may be adopted unchanged for use in the proposed drawing machine, excepting that the cam in the proposed machine will then cooperate with the intermediate car- riage instead of with the drawing carriage. The inter- ‘mediate carriage in the proposed drawing machine will in such a case preferably be provided with the same kind of follower rollers as above described for coopera- tion with the flanks of the cam flights. In other words, the roller for transmitting the drawing stroke will be ‘mounted in fixed bearings and that for generating the return motion for keeping the two rollers in contact will bbe mounted in resiliently yielding bearings. It has already been mentioned that in the proposed drawing machine, particularly owing to the higher speed attained by the drawing carriage during recipro- cation, the inertial forces at the point of motion rever- sal are higher than in the prior art drawing machine. This may lead to the resilience of the yielding roller not being sufficient to ensure the maintenance of contact, between the rollers and the flanks of the cam at the points of motion reversal. A general increase in the biasing spring force at points where higher contact, pressure is not needed would merely increase were of the cam flight, particularly in the region which ‘generates the drawing stroke, and which must be spe- cially accurate and precise. For increasing the biasing spring pressure merely at the points where the cam generates the motion reversal the present invention proposes to widen the cam flight at the reversal points on that side which faces away form the thrust transmitting roller. This widening of the cam flight slightly increases the center distance between the return roller and the draw- ing roller at the points of motion reversal and the stacks of springs which provide the resilient bearing support of the return rollers are thus additionally compressed, their consequent higher thrust then enabling them to ‘maintain contact of the drawing and return rollers with the flanks of the cam even at the points of motion reversal. Elsewhere along the length of the cam flight the contact maintaining thrust will then again be less and equal to that generated in the conventional prior art machine. The widening of the cam flight on the side remote from the drawing roller has the effect that only the return rollers are displaced from their normal path, whereas the drawing rollers continue to ride on the original design path for generating the required reciprocatory carriage motion, despite the widening of the flight. Moreover, it is preferred in the proposed drawing. ‘machine that the one-way coupling between the draw- ing carriage and the sliding rack should be at the trail- ing end of the rack when viewed in drawing direction. ‘The purpose of this is to subject the sliding rack to tension during its working stroke. It can then be of thinner cross section than would be the case if the rack 3,693,395 7 were subjected to compression and to the attendant buckling loads. Since the forces transmitted during return are very much lower the buckling loads during return do not call for a larger cross section. ‘Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims. Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in reciprocation carriage drawing machine, its nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without de- parting from the spirit of the invention and within the Scope and range of equivalents of the claims. The construction and method of operation of the in- vention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of the machine frame of my invention showing the drawing and intermediate carriages. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the intermediate carriage, part of the fixed racks secured to the machine frame, and the sliding rack of the invention. FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section, on a smaller scale, of an intermediate carriage, part of the cam, the drawing and return rollers cooperating with the cam, the sliding rack and the one-way coupling between the sliding rack and the drawing carriage con- structed according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevational view, on a still smaller scale, of the drawing machine according to the invention, for continuous drawing, showing two cam members, two intermediate carriages and two drawing carriages. FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross sectional view on a scale larger than that of FIGS. 1 and 2, showing a dou- ble pinion with different diameter pitch circles bearing different numbers of teeth of provide a transmission ratio in the direction of lengthening the stroke of the sliding rack beyond a ration of 2 : 1, and also showing the projecting disposition of a fixed rack. FIGS, 6a and 66 are sectional views at an even larger scale of a divided pinion and adjusting means for rela- tively adjusting the gear teeth of the two halves for the purpose of taking up backlash due to wear. FIG. L7 isa view form above, to a scale intermediate that of FIGS. 3 and 4, of a developed part of a cam flight on a cam member in which the cam flight in widened on the side remote from the drawing follower roller in the region of motion reversal of the inter- mediate carriage. Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a reciprocating carriage drawing machine according to the invention which for continuously drawing a stock, and as shown in FIG. 4, includes two drawing carriages 10, 10°, two intermediate carriages 4, 4’ and two cylinder cams 1, 1’. The cam flights on these cam cylin- ders cooperate with follower rollers 2, 3, and 2', 3, and 2', 3' which are mounted in the drawing carriages. The cylinder cams 1, 1’ are jointly driven by a mainshaft 14. FIG. 4 also shows the sliding racks 7, 7 and their coupling connections with the drawings carriages 10, 10" by coupling members 9,9". 10 1s 20 2s 30 3s 40 45 55 6s 8 Other important details are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 shows the drawing carriage 10 mounted in ways 12 and the intermediate carriage 4 sliding in ways 11 Both pairs of ways are fixed in he machine frame 13. Likewise fixed in the machine frame 13 are stationary racks 8. FIG. 1 also shows a roller 2 which cooperates with one flank of the cam flight on the cam cylinder 1 Axle pins 76 mounted in the intermediate carriage ‘carry pinions § which are loose on these axles. The Pinions mesh, on the one hand, with the stationary racks 8 and, on the other hand, with a movable rack 7 which is slidably mounted in ways in the intermediate iage 4. When the intermediate carriage 4 moves, the pinions § roll on the stationary racks 8 and propel the movable sliding rack 7 a distance equal to twice the stroke of the intermediate carriage; cf. FIG. 2. With reference to FIG. 3 it will be understood in detail how the cylinder cam 1 cooperates with the rol- lers 2 and 3 of the intermediate carriage 4. During each complete revolution of the cylinder cam I the inter- mediate carriage 4 performs a complete reciprocation of prescribed stroke, and the sliding rack 7 performs a similar reciprocation of twice the length of the stroke of the intermediate carriage. The coupling member 9 transmits this double length stroke to the drawing car- riage 10, but the coupling connection is maintained only in drawing direction. The provision of an axle pin 6 on each side of the in- termediate carriage permits very considerable forces to be transmitted even by simple structural means. The in- dividual path lengths associated on the cam flight with acceleration, deceleration, speed equality, draw and return, are magnified to twice their lengths by the na- ture of the transmission to the drawing carriage of the proposed machine, without the necessity of providing a ‘cam designed to generate a longer stroke. If in the above described example the total length of the draw during one revolution of the mainshaft in a conven- tional machine is assumed to be 900 mm, then the proposed drawing machine will provide a correspond- ing draw of 1,800 mm. Consequently the drawing por- tion of the proposed drawing machine must be longer than in the corresponding conventional machine. In ‘width the. proposed machine may be the same as the conventional machine, The proposed machine does not therefore require any change in the manner in which it is operated. It is also an advantage that the cams which ‘cam in practice are proven thrust generating means can in principle be retained. The operating frequency in the course of each cycle is the same in the proposed machine as in the corresponding conventional machine, The transfer of the stock from one carriage to the other in the proposed machine proceeds within a path length of speed equality that is twice that available in the conventional machine. Consequently the Proposed machine functionally ensures that the stock will be continuously drawn without jerks and irregulari- ties, The doubled length of the drawing stroke of both drawing carriages in the proposed drawing machine also has other advantages, namely in the context of the stipping of the stock by the jaws on the drawing car- riages. The pointed beak of the stock is gripped between the jaws of the first drawing carriage and pulled forward through the dieplate by the length of the 3,693,395 9 stroke of the drawing carriage. During the second draw the entire length of the jaws of the first drawing car- riage will already grip the surface of the stock, whereas, in a corresponding conventional machine of the previ- ously prescribed kind this will not be the case and the full length of the jaws will not yet come into contact, with the drawn surface of the stock. This is a particu- larly useful feature when drawing a tube stock. When the proposed drawing machine is used for drawing a tube stock the process of drawing-in is substantially im- proved by the doubling of the length of the drawing stroke. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 axle pins 19 are provided in the intermediate carriage 18, and dou- ble pinions 17’ and 17” are loosely mounted on these pins. A rack 16 is affixed to project from the machine frame 15. The pinion 17 meshes with this fixed rack 16, whereas the pinion 17” meshes with a rack 7 that is slidably mounted. In this embodiment the length of the stroke of the rack 7 may be more than twice the length of the stroke of the intermediate carriage 18 by an amount equal to twice the ratio of the number of gear teeth of the tow two pinions 17' and 17”. Itwill be un- derstood that the projection of the rack 16 from the side of the framing provides the necessary clearance for the larger diameter pinion 17” to be accommodated in the machine frame 15. For the following explanations reference will be made to FIGS. 6a and 66. In order to ensure that the drawing carriages move smoothly, particularly through their reversal points, the teeth of the pinions must mesh with the racks with as little backlash as possible. For this purpose means must be provided to compensate ‘wear on the tooth flanks. This can be done by a divided form of construction of the pinions and by relatively adjusting or resetting the teeth 20 and 21 of the two halves. The tooth width must be so designed that the teeth 20 and 21 on each half can transmit the full load. For the purpose of relatively shifting and locking the tooth flanks of the teeth 20 and 21 two holes 23 are located on a pitch circle 25 in the upper half of the pinion, whereas the lower half of the pinion is provided with two coned depressions 22 that are off-center in opposite directions with respect to the holes in the upper half ofthe pinion. With the aid of grub screws 24 hhaving a coned point the teeth 20 and 21 can thus be relatively moved. The upper and bottom half of the pinion are then clamped firmly together by screws 24 engaging tapped holes 26. The clearance between tooth flanks is not adjusted until the pitch circle of the pinion and the pitch line of the rack are tangent. For this purpose the axis of the pinion is eccentrically mounted. The pinions are first adjusted with reference to the sliding rack 7 in the middle. When this has been done the outer racks 8 are adjusted in the machine frame with reference to the adjusted position of the pinion, ‘The following explanations make reference to FIG. 7 of the drawings. Owing to the inertial forces the roller 2 may lift off the tracks 29, 30 at the points of pitch reversal of the cam flight 1. The center distance between the rollers 2 and 3 should normally remain constant. In order to ensure that this also applies at the reversal points the stack of springs 28 at these points would have to provide several times the biasing thrust 10 ‘needed elsewhere. Since increased biasing thrust of the spring stack 28 along the forward nand return paths 29 and 30s unnecessary and may even be undesirable, the spring stack 28 in a machine according to the invention given the usual bias and the necessary increase in thrust at the reversal points 27 is obtained by increasing the center distance between the two rollers 2 and 3 at these points, and by thereby increasing the compres- sion of the stacks of springs 28. This step ensures that the rollers 2 and 3 sill maintain contact with the cam, The shape of the cam 29, 30 must, of course, not be changed because this determines the character of car- riage reciprocation. Consequently the cam flight must be thickened on that side 31 of the flight which faces away from the rollers 2 which take the load at reversal. Telaim: 1. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris- ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in id first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also operatively connected to said cam means and being imilarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission ‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said intermediate carriage and extending substantially per- pendicularly to said given drawing direction, a machine frame, two stationary racks mounted on opposite sides of said machine frame, said transmission means com- prising two pinion means mounted side-by-side on said intermediate carriage, said two pinion means being in respective meshing engagement at one side thereof ith said stationary racks and on the other side thereof with a rack slideable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slideable rack being disposed between said two pinion means and carrying rack teeth ‘on each side thereof respectively meshing with said two pinion means. 2, Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris- ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocatingly mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operative- ly connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- ing cartiage, said intermediate carriage being also operatively connected to said cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission ‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- Bat least one axle carried by said and extending substantially per- pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion ‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, id slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car- riage by a one-way coupling effective only in said given drawing direction. 3 10 15 as 30 35 40 45 35 ing carriage compr 3,693,395 it 3. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris- ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing cartiage reciprocably mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating $ the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also operatively connected to said cam means and being !0 similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission ‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising at least on axle carried by said intermediate carriage and extending substant pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion ‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing riage, said third guideways being mounted on said i termediate carriage and said first and second guideways for said drawing and said intermediate car- riages respectively, are mounted in rails located above one another. 4. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine comp ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- 35 ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also operatively connected to said cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission ‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising at least one axle catried by said intermediate carriage and extending substantially per- pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion ‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car- riage, said pinion means being in the form of a double pinion, the pinions of said pinion means having dif- ferent numbers of teeth, one of the pinions of sai pinion means being in meshing engagement with said stationary rack and the other of the pinion of sai pinion means being in meshing engagement with said slideable rack. 5, Machine according to claim 1 wherein each of said inion means is in the form of a double pinion, the two inions 05 each of said pinion means having different numbers of teeth, one of the two pinions of each of said pinion means being in meshing engagement with said stationary rack, and the other of the two pinions of each of said pinion means being in meshing engage- ment with said slidable rack. 6, Machine according to claim § wherein said double pinions have a transmission ratio lengthening the stroke of said drawing carriage beyond a ration of 2: 1, said stationary racks extending inwardly for a distance af- 20 2s 30 40 45 50 35 o 6s 12 fording space within said machine frame for accom- ‘modating the larger of the two pinions of each of said pinion means. 7. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine comy ing first guideways extending in a given drawi direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also ‘operatively connected to said cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said intermediate carriage and extending substantially per- Pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car- riage, said pinion means being formed of two parts ‘meeting in a median center plane thereof, and means for relatively adjusting and locking the teeth of both said parts thereof for equalizing wear of the flanks of the teeth 8, Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compris- ing first guideways extending in a given drawing ction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lenghtening the stroke of said draw- ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also ‘operatively connected to said cam means and being similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission ‘means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising atleast one axle carried by said intermediate carriage and extending substantially per- pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pinion ‘means loosely mounted on said axle and being in mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car- riage, said racks being formed of two parts respectively, ‘meeting in a median center plane thereof, and means for relatively adjusting and locking the teeth of both said parts thereof for equalizing wear of the flanks of the teeth of said racks. 9. Reciprocating carriage drawing machine compri ing first guideways extending in a given drawing direction, a drawing carriage reciprocably mounted in said first guideways, revolving cam means operatively connected to said drawing carriage for reciprocating the same along said first guideways, an intermediate carriage interposed between said drawing carriage and said cam means for lengthening the stroke of said draw- ing carriage, said intermediate carriage being also operatively connected to said cam means and being 3,693,395 13 similarly reciprocable thereby in second guideways in said given drawing direction, and step-up transmission means for increasing the length of stroke of said draw- ing carriage comprising at least one axle carried by said intermediate carriage and extending wubstantally por pendicularly to said given drawing direction, pi tneans loossly mounted on said axle and being fn mesh- ing engagement at one side thereof with a stationary rack and on the other side thereof with a rack slidable in third guideways parallel to said drawing direction, said slidable rack being coupled to said drawing car- 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ss 6s 14 riage, said intermediate carriage having load-bearing rollers engageable with one side of a flight formed on said rotary cam, said flight being widened on a side thereof facing away from said load-bearing rollers in a region of said flight at which reversal of direction oc- curs. 10. Machine according to claim 2 wherein said one- way coupling is located at the trailing end of said slida- ble rack as viewed in direction of the drawing stroke.

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