Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CONTENTS
D. Environmental impacts
E. Stakeholders comments
Annexes
Uruguay
Department of Tacuaremb
The project activity is located in the Department of Tacuaremb, East from National Route N
5, near the village of Peralta.
The coordinates of the Project site are: Latitude: -32.5951 and Longitude: -56.3994.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Table 2 shows the specific coordinates of the wind turbine generators of both wind farms.
PERALTA I PERALTA II
WTG N Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude
1 -32.5718 -56.4131 -32.6034 -56.4378
2 -32.5750 -56.4127 -32.6111 -56.4393
3 -32.5773 -56.4061 -32.6130 -56.4335
4 -32.5815 -56.4019 -32.6219 -56.4246
5 -32.5775 -56.3986 -32.6257 -56.4218
6 -32.5866 -56.3928 -32.6198 -56.4197
7 -32.5840 -56.3904 -32.6176 -56.4218
8 -32.5860 -56.3793 -32.6072 -56.4183
9 -32.5839 -56.3780 -32.6025 -56.4208
10 -32.5907 -56.3777 -32.5974 -56.4239
11 -32.5937 -56.3761 -32.5854 -56.4127
12 -32.5878 -56.3659 -32.5910 -56.4147
13 -32.5852 -56.3637 -32.5939 -56.4156
14 -32.5879 -56.3595 -32.5891 -56.4013
15 -32.5899 -56.3559 -32.5953 -56.3987
16 -32.5948 -56.3917 -32.5980 -56.4055
17 -32.5935 -56.3849 -32.6010 -56.4082
18 -32.6009 -56.3923 -32.6050 -56.4043
19 -32.5976 -56.3833 -32.6095 -56.4018
20 -32.6003 -56.3809 -32.6123 -56.4004
21 -32.6019 -56.3759 -32.6139 -56.4062
22 -32.6046 -56.3768 -32.6166 -56.3984
23 -32.6105 -56.3789 -32.6204 -56.4023
24 -32.6109 -56.3837 -32.6035 -56.3898
25 -32.6085 -56.3860 -32.6060 -56.3880
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The project will use safe and sound technology regarding wind power generation. According to
requirements of UTE, the monopoly distributor utility in Uruguay, in order to buy generated
energy based on wind power, the wind turbine generators must be certified by international and
recognized entities under approved norms.1 In addition, expected annual energy production in
accordance with conducted wind yield assessments must be certified. The project is in
compliance with these requirements.
The electricity utility UTE imposed in the tender process that the maximum installed power of
each farm should not be over 50 MW. As a result of the public tender, Agua Leguas S.A.
awarded a contract for two wind farms, Peralta I and Peralta II. 2
The proposed project consists of two wind farms of 25 wind turbines of 2 MW each, with a
total installed capacity of 100 MW. The wind turbine generator to be utilized will be Enercon
E82 with 108.3 m hub height. The relevant technical specifications of the wind farm are shown
in Table 3.
1
According to the requirements set forth by the UTE tender K39607 and K41938.
2
See document UTEDirectContract.pdf
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AGUA LEGUAS
OFFER OFFER
PALMATIR 12 13
50 MW 50 MW 50 MW
SUBSTATION
CUCHILLA PERALTA
(CPE)
SUBSTATION
YOUNG
(YOU)
SUBSTATION
PASO DE LOS TOROS LINE OPENED
(PTO) BON-YOU
SUBSTATION
BONETE 150 kV
(BON)
The wind turbines will be installed at a hub height of 108.3 m. The layouts of the turbines
include a step-up transformer 0.4 kV/31.5 kV. Turbines will be interconnected trough an
internal grid of 31.5 kV wires that are connected to two step-up transformers 31.5/150 kV
located in a station close to the wind farm.
A new 150 kV line, approximately 1 km long, will connect the station located close to Peralta
G.C.E.E. wind farm to the substation Cuchilla Peralta. Two 150 kV lines, approximately 34 km
long, will operate in parallel connecting the substation Cuchilla Peralta to a new substation
named Paso de los Toros to the Interconnected National System (S.I.N.) which will end at the
substation Bonete, as per the requirements set forth by UTE3.
3
See document of UTE Memoria Ofertas 12 y 13.
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In addition, optical fiber cables will connect all the turbines for transmitting control signals to
the Control Center.
Energy delivered to the grid will be measured at the output of the 31.5/150 kV transformers.
Net energy delivered by the project activity shall be the sum of the two measurements of each
step-up transformer.
The project will not make use of any sources of public funding from Parties included in Annex
I to the Convention.
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B.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied
to the project activity:
B.2. Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the
project activity:
The proposed project activity is a Greenfield wind farm. Grid boundaries can be clearly
identified and information on the grid is available. The project activity is applicable to
ACM0002.
B.3. Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary:
The methodology utilized states that the spatial extent of the project boundary includes the
project site and all power plants connected physically to the project electricity system that the
CDM project power plant will be connected to.
The national grid is the defined electricity system for the project activity.
Emission sources included in the project activity are detailed in the following table. As the
project is the installation and operation of a wind farm and there is no fossil fuel or electricity
consumption, project emissions are zero.
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Justification /
Source Gas Included?
Explanation
B.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the
identified baseline scenario:
The project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant/unit.
B.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced
below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project
activity (assessment and demonstration of additionality):
Date Description
23/08/2011 Opening of bids (UTE tender K41398) Agua Leguas S.A. was pre-
awarded
October 2011 UTE presented the respective connection projects to the bidders
3/01/2012 Agua Leguas S.A. was awarded (tender K41398)
1/04/2012 (Estimated) Power Purchase Agreement expected to be granted with UTE
1/06/2012 (Estimated) Start of civil works
1/01/2013 (Estimated) Start of mounting the wind turbines
1/01/2014 (Estimated) Project commissioning
4
See Prior Consideration on UNFCCC
(http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/PriorCDM/notifications/index_html , web site visited January 2011)
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
A new Prior consideration form was sent on the 10th October 2011, in
replacement of the previous form, communicating the expansion to 100 MW.
Evidence that continuing and real actions were taken to secure CDM status is
given by the following table:
III. Additionality
According to the applied methodology ACM0002, the additionality shall be demonstrated and
assessed using the latest version of the Tool for demonstration and assessment of
additionality approved by the Executive Board. The latest version is 06.0.0 EB65, Annex 21.
According to paragraph 4 of the mentioned tool: Project activities that apply this tool in
context of approved methodology ACM0002, only need to identify that there is at least one
credible and feasible alternative that would be more attractive than the proposed project
activity.
Pursuant to paragraph 5 of the tool, the applicable geographical area covers the entire host
country as a default. Although the technology is not country specific, the geographical area is
not extended to the neighbouring countries Argentina and Brazil because of differences with
respect to the regulatory frameworks, investment climate, accessing to technology, accessing to
financing and country size.
The measure for emission reduction corresponding to the project activity, as per paragraph 6 of
the tool corresponds to Fuel and feedstock switch.
The output: of the project activity (paragraph 7 of the tool) is electrical energy that must have
quality and properties required in the host country.
Step 1: Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and
regulations
5
http://www.cambioclimatico.gub.uy/index.php/news-feeds/proyectos-mdl/proyectos-presentados (web
site visited 20/02/2012)
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Agua Leguas S.A. project activity will provide renewable electricity to the national grid based
on wind power. The background data for the following analysis are detailed in Annex 3 to this
PDD.
The Uruguayan matrix of electricity power supply was composed until recent years (2005) of
fossil fuel fired power plants totalling a nominal capacity of 604 MW and renewable traditional
hydroelectric plants with a nominal capacity of 1,538 MW. The maximum capacity for
hydroelectric generation of the country has been practically reached, particularly for medium
and large scale plants. The last installed plant, Palmar, with 330 MW, started operating in 1982.
Until 2007, additional capacity was introduced with new fossil fuel based plants. La Tablada
(CTR) plant with two 104 MW gas turbines (gas oil) and Punta del Tigre I Plant with four 50
MW gas turbines were installed in 1992 and 2006, respectively.
In 2005 a small landfill biogas based plant of 1.2 MW was connected to the grid. The National
Government began to promote in 2006, through specific policies, renewable energy generation
from basically wind power and biomass. As a result, several wind power plants with a total
nominal capacity of 54.45 MW and several biomass plants with a nominal capacity of 82.2 MW
are currently in operation.
In parallel to those investments, Punta del Tigre plant increased its capacity by 100 MW (2008)
with two new fossil-fuel based gas turbines, and Central Batlle Plant installed 10 units
(reciprocating engines) of 8 MW each, totalling 80 MW.
Non-traditional, renewable power plants represented 4.3% of the energy produced to meet the
energy demand in 2011.
All fossil fuel based power plants have been developed by UTE, a state utility which has the
monopoly of the transmission and distribution grids. Uruguay has no fossil fuel resources of its
own, and must import and process fuels to supply the internal demand. Imports and refinery
processes are also monopolies of the public utility ANCAP. Natural gas is not under this
monopoly but this fossil fuel is not available in Uruguay in sufficient amounts to support the
production of a 50 MW power plant.
Regarding biomass-based plants currently connected to the grid, except for the Las Rosas 1.2-
MW Las Rosas landfill-gas plant and Fenirol 10-MW wood-chip and rice-husk power, both of
them having shown serious operating difficulties than impaired their ability to reach their
production targets, all are co-generation plants (steam and electricity) associated to industrial
processes of nearby plants. The largest of these, with an installed capacity of 140 MW,
corresponds to a cellulose pulp plant (UPM) that delivers an average 30 MW to the grid. All
plants use biomass residues from industrial processes (black liquor, barks, chips, rice husks) or
thinning wood from forest plantations.
According to the government Decree 367/010, UTE has called for bids (Tender K2158) to buy
electric energy generated from biomass power plants of up to 20 MW under a feed-in tariff
modality, up to a maximum of 200 MW. This process is based on feasibility studies developed
by the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining (MIEM), assuming what many experts
considered as an overestimation of the biomass availability in the country. At present, the
government has received expressions of interest (which did not imply any expenditures or
commitments from their side) for a total 252.25 MW. However, most of these potential
investors that expressed their interest have no biomass resources of their own, and after several
months there has been absolutely no progress toward implementation of any of those projects.
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Moreover, the owners of biomass resources that would be the most interested in developing
power plants have expressed that the tariff defined by the government is too low considering
the high cost of logistics for collection, loading, transportation and processing of biomass,
making any investment not feasible. Later, in an attempt to attract biomass owners to develop
projects, the government issued another tender (K42433), also referred to Decree 367/010,
extending the installed capacity of the proposed power plants from 20 MW to a maximum of 60
MW. However, this strategy seems also to have failed, given that after several months there
were no expressions of interests, except for the case of one small sawmill that would process its
own residues.
In the case of wind power generation, UTE installed 20 MW at Sierra de Caracoles. Private
owners have installed three wind farms with a total capacity of 34.45 MW. Two more winds
farms of 18 and 20 MW are being developed also by private investors. All these private wind
farms were developed under previous different UTE tenders. In July 2010 under Tender
K39607, UTE selected three additional wind power projects of 50 MW each. More recently,
the public tender of UTE K41398 awarded three offers for a total installed capacity of 192
MW, with 100 MW corresponding to Agua Leguas S.A. project.
Outcome of Step 1a
(a) The proposed project activity undertaken without being registered as a CDM project
activity remains as a feasible option. However, as shown by the investment analysis in
Step 2, the proposed project not undertaken as a CDM project activity (i.e., without
income from CERs) is not financially attractive for a potential investor.
(b) Renewable sources other than wind power cannot be considered as realistic and
credible alternatives, particularly considering installed power over 30 MW. Only mini-
power hydroelectric locations have been identified. No studies have been planning the
use of waves, tidal and geothermal energy. Photovoltaic solar power is also not more
attractive in terms of costs than wind power for the proponent. In the context of this
methodology and activities that can provide renewable electric energy over 30 MW,
only the use of biomass and wind energy can be considered as potentially feasible
alternatives for renewable energy for the project proponent. Of these, biomass-based
power is not an option because the project proponents do not have biomass resources of
their own and also could not outsource the supply due to the scarcity of the resource
available in the region within reach of the project site and the high competition for the
resource triggered by the existing and projected biomass power plants and for the high
logistics costs associated with handling of biomass. It would not be possible for the
project proponents to establish the necessary long-term agreements for procurement of
biomass. In addition, the policy implemented by the government for the development of
biomass power based on a feed-in tariff scheme has failed due to lack of interest from
the owners of biomass resources, mainly due to the low power price.
(c) In this case the increasing demand in the Uruguayan system will be supplied by
increasing the capacity of the currently existing plants and introducing new power
plants, what has been achieved historically with a mix of different primary energy
sources, mostly based on fossil fuels. This is the baseline scenario according to B.4.
Alternatives (a) and (c) are in compliance with all mandatory applicable legal and regulatory
requirements.
Outcome of Step 1b
Alternatives (a) and (c) are realistic and credible alternative scenarios to the project activity that
are in compliance with all mandatory applicable legal and regulatory requirements taking
account of enforcements in the country and EB decisions on national and/or sectoral policies
and regulations.
According to paragraph 4 of the additionality tool: Project activities that apply this tool in
context of approved methodology ACM0002, only need to identify that there is at least one
credible and feasible alternative that would be more attractive than the proposed project
activity.
The methodology addresses the first step with the guidance of the Combined tool to identify
the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality. Here steps 1 and 2 are not applied to
Greenfield projects, as stated in the scope and applicability of this tool.
However, the tool is, for example, not applicable in the following situation: The CDM project
activity is the installation of a Greenfield facility that provides a product to a market (i.e.
electricity, cement, etc.) where the output could be provided by other existing facilities or new
facilities that could be implemented in parallel with the CDM project activity.6
This step requires determining whether the proposed project activity is not:
(a) The most economically or financially attractive; or
(b) Economical or financially feasible, without the revenue from the sale of Certified
Emission Reductions (CERs).
There are three possible options for this analysis. The simple cost analysis (option I) is not
applicable to Agua Leguas S.A. project activity because CERs are not the only source of
revenues. Investment comparison analysis (option II) is also not applicable because the
alternative scenarios are not comparable, and one of them is not available for project
participants. Therefore a benchmark analysis (option III) is applied.
Of the two most commonly used investment indicators, internal rate of return (IRR) and net
present value of the cash flow (NPV), the former was chosen, based on the following reasons:
6
Included in the footnote 4 of the Combined Tool
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a. It is a more practical indicator for comparing the project activity with a benchmark, and
it can be more easily interpreted.
b. The documents available in the country for deriving a benchmark have used IRR.
c. For the assessment of the contribution of proposed CDM projects to the sustainable
development of the country the DNA of Uruguay uses IRR and not NPV as the
indicator of economic feasibility and also of the contribution to Uruguays economy.
The tool provides five possible options for deriving the benchmark IRR:
(a) Government bond rates, increased by a suitable risk premium to reflect private
investment and/or the project type, as substantiated by an independent (financial)
expert or documented by official publicly available financial data;
While rates of government treasury bonds are available with 97% of the long-term bonds
currently in the market, having nominal rates between 7.00 and 9.75%7, which reflect,
according to current market prices of those bonds8, net rates of 5 to 7% considering sovereign
risk only, there is very limited information for adjusting those rates by a risk premium for a
private investment. This is due to the inexistence of a mature shares market in Uruguay and also
to the fact that long-term bank loans are not available. In addition, there is very limited
experience with private wind power investments in Uruguay. Therefore, this option was not
chosen.
(b) Estimates of the cost of financing and required return on capital, e.g. commercial
lending rates and guarantees required for the country and the type of project
activity concerned, based on bankers views and private equity investors/funds
required return on comparable projects;
There is no publicly available and documented information on requested IRRs by the private
sector in general, and therefore this option is not applicable.
(c) A company internal benchmark (weighted average capital cost of the company),
only in the particular case referred to above in paragraph 5. The project
developers shall demonstrate that this benchmark has been consistently used in the
past, i.e., that project activities under similar conditions developed by the same
company used the same benchmark;
Agua Leguas S.A. is a new company and therefore, it has no previous experience with an
internal benchmark.
(d) Government/official approved benchmark where such benchmarks are used for
investment decisions;
Three relevant references from Uruguayan government are considered for deriving the
benchmark IRR for the project:
7
See Bolsa de Valores de Montevideo (www.bvm.com.uy , website visited on 20/02/2012) and Banco
Central del Uruguay (www.bcu.gub.uy , web site visited 20 /02/ 2012)
8
Economa & Mercado section, El Pas newspaper, Montevideo, 2/05/2011
http://www.elpais.com.uy/suplemento/economiaymercado/sube-el-riesgo-
pais/ecoymer_563557_110502.html (web site visited 20/02/2012)
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(e) Any other indicators, if the project participants can demonstrate that the above
Options are not applicable and their indicator is appropriately justified.
The Guidelines on the assessment of investment analysis Version 05, include and Annex of
Default values for the expected return on equity, for non-Annex I countries. The expected
values are expressed in real terms and considering Group 1 of sectoral scopes the value
corresponding to Uruguay is 12.75%.
Based on the above, a benchmark IRR of 10 per cent per year is conservatively selected for
Agua Leguas S.A. investment analysis.
The projects lifetime is set to 20 years in accordance with the certified lifetime by the
suppliers of wind turbines. The investment will be made during the years 2012 and 2013.
Commercial operation is scheduled to start in 1/01/2014. (See timeline of the project above in
B.4)
The plant factor for the project is calculated in accordance with the wind yield assessment
conducted by EAB New Energy GmbH for the project. For base calculation purposes the
scenario of the expected generation with the probability of 50% (P50) is chosen. This is a very
conservative assumption regarding the investment analysis, since from the investors point of
view, considering a value of P75 would have been more reasonable. The gross plant factor is
expected to reach 43.39 % and the net plant factor 40.78%. The project is expected to generate
357.2 GWh annually.
The sale price of electricity has already been set through the tender process at 63.90 US$/MWh,
and will be the basic value to be included in power purchase agreement to be signed between
Agua Leguas S.A. and UTE. The agreement includes an annual adjustment of the price based
9
This document is available at:
http://www.ute.com.uy/empresa/entorno/Energias_Renovables/eolica/Evaluaci%C3%B3n%20Econ%C3
%B3mica%20de%20un%20Parque%20E%C3%B3lico%20de%2020%20MW.pdf (web site visited
20/02/2012)
10
This document is available at:
http://www.energiaeolica.gub.uy/uploads/documentos/informes/informe+evaluacion+proy+eolica.pdf
(web site visited 20/02/2012)
11
Document is available at: http://www.energiaeolica.gub.uy/index.php?page=estudios (web site visited
20/02/2012)
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on a parametric equation defined by UTE. For the purpose of the investment analysis, Agua
Leguas S.A. has assumed that the sale price of electricity will increase by 3 per cent annually
during the projects lifetime.
In accordance with the project developer suppliers, all the operational costs have been escalated
at a rate of 3 per cent annually for the calculation of the cashflow.
It is assumed that the equipment purchased has a life expectancy of 20 years, with linear project
amortization. A rescue value equivalent to 5 per cent of the investment, adjusted by inflation of
3 per cent per year was included in the 20th year of operation.
The corporate income tax in Uruguay accounts for 25%. It is assumed that this project will
benefit from the investment promotion regime which grants income tax exemptions to projects
declared as of national interest. For Agua Leguas S.A. project it was assumed that such
exemptions would apply for the first ten years of operation, as follows: 90% deduction for the
first four years in which income is generated, 60% for the next three years and 40% for the next
three years.
Based on these assumptions, the project cash flow (without CDM registration) results in an
internal rate of return (IRR) of 6.21 per cent. This value is lower than the selected benchmark
of 10% IRR.
Pursuant the additionality tool, a sensitivity analysis of the selected investment indicator (IRR)
to possible variations in the assumed values of the main underlying parameters was performed.
Three parameters were selected for the sensitivity analysis:
Amount of investment: favourable and unfavourable scenarios were assumed by
decreasing and increasing the amount with respect to the base scenario by 10%,
respectively.
Land leasing: Favourable and unfavourable scenarios were assumed by increasing and
decreasing the factor by 10% with respect to the base scenario.
Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) Engineering and substation maintenance cost:
Favourable and unfavourable scenarios were assumed by increasing and decreasing the
factor by 10% with respect to the base scenario.
The modification of the assumed variables in the simple sensitivity analysis turned to vary the
Internal Rate of Return according to the following graph.
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8,50%
8,00%
7,50%
7,00%
6,50%
6,00%
5,50%
5,00%
4,50%
4,00%
-10% Base 10%
Investment Costs Land leasing WTG Engineering and substation (maintenance cost)
Even under favourable conditions of the parameters examined, the IRR does not reach the
benchmark in any case.
The project activity is not the first-of-its-kind and therefore the common practice in the host
country is analysed.
Sub-step 4a: Analyze other activities similar to the proposed project activity
The last version of the tool introduces the concept that different technologies in the context of
common practice are technologies that deliver the same output and differ by at least one of the
following, as appropriate in the context of the measure applied in the proposed CDM project
and applicable geographical area.
The analysis is carried out considering the host country as the region where environment with
respect to regulatory framework, investment climate, access to technology, access to financing
and the interconnected electricity system is similar to that of the proposed project activity.
Wind power delivers the same output (electricity) than other power plants/units and differ from
them in terms of: (a) Energy source/fuel, and (i) units costs.
The common practice relative to the project activity is analyzed following the paragraph 47 of
the last version of the tool.
Step 1: The applicable range considering plus-minus 50% of 100 MW of the designed capacity
is between 50 MW and 150 MW.
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Step 2: In the applicable geographical area, all plants that deliver the same output or capacity,
within the applicable output range calculated in Step 1, as the proposed project activity and
have started commercial operation before the start date of the project, are identified. Registered
CDM project activities are not included in this step.
Nall = 6
Step 3: Within plants identified in step 2, those that apply technologies different than the
technology applied in the proposed project activity are identified. These apply different
technologies regarding energy source/fuel.
Ndiff = 6
Step 4: The factor F is calculated, representing the share of plants using technology similar to
the technology used in the proposed project activity in all plants that deliver the same output or
capacity as the proposed project activity.
Factor F = 1 - Ndiff / Nall = 0
As the factor F is lower than 0.2 and the difference between Nall and Ndiff is lower than 3, then
the project activity is not common practice.
Total emission reduction for the project activity is estimated by the baseline emissions from
electricity generation minus project and leakage emissions:
ER y = BE y - PE y - LE y
Where:
ERy Emission Reduction in year y (tCO2/yr)
BEy Baseline emissions in year y (tCO2/yr)
PEy Project emissions in year y (t CO2e/y)
LEy Leakage emissions in year y (t CO2e/y)
No potential emission sources of leakage and project emissions were identified for this project.
Therefore project and leakage emissions are zero and emission reductions will be calculated as:
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ER y = BE y
Baseline emissions
Where:
BEy Baseline emissions in year y (tCO2/yr)
EGPJ,y Quantity of net electricity generation that is produced and fed into the grid as a
result of the implementation of the CDM project activity in year y (MWh/yr)
EFgrid,CM,y Combined margin CO2 emission factor for grid connected power generation in
year y calculated using the latest version of the Tool to calculate the emission
factor for an electricity system (tCO2/MWh)
The project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant at a site
where no renewable power plant was operated prior to the implementation of the project
activity.
EG PJ,y = EG facility,y
Where:
EGPJ,y Quantity of net electricity generation that is produced and fed into the grid as a
result of the implementation of the CDM project activity in year y (MWh/yr)
EGfacility,y Quantity of net electricity generation supplied by the project plant/unit to the
grid in year y (MWh/yr)
The Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system is used for the estimation
of the baseline emission factor. Following are the choices made in application of the steps of
this tool.
The DNA in Uruguay has published a delineation of the project electricity system and the
connected systems12.
a) Project electricity system
The project electricity system is defined as the national interconnected system (S.I.N.) of
Uruguay as it is described in the following figure13:
12
http://www.cambioclimatico.gub.uy/index.php/news-feeds/composiciones-y-fronteras-de-la-red-
electrica (web site visited 20/02/2012)
13
This document is available at: http://www.adme.com.uy/InfoSIN/01-
Unifilares%20SIN/uruguay%202008-03.pdf (web site visited 20/02/2012)
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The S.I.N. includes all power plants that are physically connected trough transmission and
distribution lines to the project activity and can be dispatched without significant transmission
constraints. In fact there are no constraints for any configuration of power generation in the
different plants.
Salto Grande is a bi-national join work that includes a hydroelectric power plant, with the dam
located on the Uruguay River, and a transmission system of 500 kV that includes four stations
and lines. The configuration is symmetrical referred to the frontier between of the two
countries. Salto Grande is shared in identical parts (50/50) by Uruguay and Argentina. Salto
Grande (hydroelectric plant and transmission system) is managed by a particular international
organization (Comisin Tcnico-Mixta de Salto Grande) that reports directly to the
Governments of each country. Daily operation of water resources are decided by agreements
between the National Load Dispatch Centers of both countries.
Salto Grande transmission system is part of the connectivity of the electrical grid of 500 kV of
Argentina and Uruguay electric system.
This definition is also in line with the default definition that should be used according to the
tool.
Two international systems are connected to the project electricity system of Uruguay: the
systems of Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, transmission to the project electricity has
significant transmission constraints.
In the case of Argentina, the capacity of the transmission system is greater than peak power
demand of Uruguay and is normally operated under its rated capacity, but spot prices in the
electricity market have big differences with spot prices of the Uruguayan market. Spot prices in
Uruguay can be found in the web site of ADME (Electric Market Administration
www.adme.com.uy) and spot prices in Argentina can be found in the web site of CAMMESA
(Administration Company of Wholesale Electricity Market S.A. - www.cammesa.org.ar). Since
in Uruguay variable costs of electric energy depend of international costs of fossil fuel, in
Argentina political decisions result in internal costs not referenced with international costs, thus
making spot prices to have a difference of more than 50% with respect to those of Uruguay,
most of the time.
Power and energy transactions between markets in Uruguay and Argentina are implemented by
means of special or dedicated modalities or contracts.
Transactions occurred during special and emergency situations or in case of opportunities when
export/imports are considered convenient for both countries. The modalities normally used are
the compensation of the registered energy. The balance is monthly controlled. Modalities are
explained in detail in the web site of the National Operator of the Electric System of Brazil
(www.ons.org.br).14
Step 2: Choose whether to include off-grid plants in the project electricity system (optional)
Option I is chosen. The S.I.N. covers more than 99% of the electricity demand in Uruguay.
Option (c) (dispatch data analysis OM) is chosen, given that hourly dispatch data are available
in Uruguay for all sources connected to the grid. This choice is justified by the fact that
dispatch data analysis OM is the option with the highest accuracy in the estimation of the
baseline emission factor.
Step 4: Calculate the operating margin emission factor according to the selected method
The operating margin will be estimated annually ex post, by monitoring of the relevant
parameters.
14
See in detail:
http://www.ons.org.br/resultados_operacao/acompanhamento_mensal_intercambios_internacionais/index.
aspx (website visited 20/08/2011).
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
EG PJ , h EFEL, DD ,h
EFgrid .OM DD , y = h
EG PJ , y
Where:
EFgrid,OM_DD,,y Dispatch data analysis operating margin CO2 emission factor in year y
(tCO2/MWh)
EGPJ,,h Electricity displaced by the project activity in hour h in year y (MWh)
EFEL,DD, h CO2 emission factor of power units in the top of the dispatch order in hour h
in year y
EGPJ,,y Total electricity displaced by the project activity in year y (MWh)
h Hour in year y in which the project activity is displacing grid electricity
y Year in which the project activity is displacing grid electricity
EG .EF n,h EL , n , y
EFEL , DD ,h = n
EGn
n ,h
Where:
EFEL,DD,h CO2 emission factor of power unit n in hour h in year y (tCO2/MWh)
EGn,h Net quantity of electricity generated and delivered to the grid by power unit n in
hour h (MWh)
EFEL,m,y CO2 emission factor of power unit n in year y (tCO2/MWh)
n Power units in the top of the dispatch
h Hour in year y in which the project activity is displacing grid electricity
The emission factor of the unit or plant will be calculated using the equation (11) of the Tool
and using the option A1, equation (2) of the tool. Amount of fossil fuel consumed in the year y
or specific consumptions of units is officially available.
The set of power units at the top of the dispatch will be determined based on the merit order
based in the variable cost of each unit or plant.
According to the national regulation15 wind power is prioritized in the dispatch order regarding
energy sources.
Option 1: For the first crediting period, calculate the build margin emission ex ante based on
the most recent information available on units already built for sample group m at the time of
the CDM-PDD submission to the DOE for validation. For the second crediting period, the
build margin emissions factor shall should updated based on the most recent information
available on units already built at the time of the submission of the request fro renewal of the
crediting period to the DOE above. For the third crediting period, the build margin emission
15
See Decree 460-009.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
factor calculated for the second crediting period should be used. This option does not require
monitoring the emission factor during de crediting period
The sample group of power unit m used to calculate the build margin should be determined as
per the procedures of the tool applying steps (a) to (f).
The build margin emission factor is calculated by the generation-weighted average emission
factor of all power units identified in Step 5, during the most recent year for which power
generation data is available, calculated as:
EG EF
m, y EL , m , y
EFgrid . BM , y = m
EG
m
m, y
Where:
The Build Margin calculated considering the year 2011 is 0.499 tCO2/MWh and remains
fixed for the first crediting period of seven years.
To calculate the combined margin (CM) emission factor (EF grid,CM,y) the method (a) is chosen.
Where:
EFgrid,BM,y Build margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)
EFgrid,OM,y Operating margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)
wOM Weighting of operating margin emissions factor (%)
wBM Weighting of build margin emissions factor (%)
The default values for wind generation project activities weights of wOM = 0.75 and wBM = 0.25
are used for the first crediting period and for subsequent crediting periods.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
The emission reductions were estimated by applying the methodology equations, using the
methodological choices detailed in Section B.6.1 above. Detailed calculations are included in
Annex 3 and worksheet attached to this PDD.
The baseline scenario was developed taking into consideration the current status of the
electrical system of Uruguay, the historical and projected growth in electricity demand, the
availability of resources (e.g., hydro, fossil fuels) and relevant national and sectoral policies,
including the consideration of the document Energy Policy 2005/203016 prepared by the
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mines and the document of UTE Plan de Inversiones
(Investment Plan) 2011-2015.17 The description of how these elements were considered in the
development of the baseline is provided in Annex 3.
It must be noted that while the baseline scenario assumed for the ex ante calculations seriously
considered the projections made by the government, in practice this may result in a very
conservative estimation of the grid emission factor.
In fact, the policies being promoted for the deployment of renewable power generation have
systematically and substantially lagged behind their schedules due to a number of reasons,
including delays in the signature of PPAs or in the granting of environmental and other permits,
delays by the investors and serious operational problems after the commissioning of the plants.
Therefore, it would be expected that these factors may continue to operate in the future,
resulting in delays in the start of operation and in the timing for reaching full capacity of the
numerous wind and biomass projects currently in the pipeline.
In addition, the ex ante calculation of the grid factor was based on the historical average of
hydro power generation in the country. According to the National Plan in Response to the
Climate Change18, there seems to be a trend to an increased frequency of droughts in the
country, which may lead to a decreased share in the future in the generation by hydro sources,
and this could be an additional factor for an underestimation of the operating margin emission
factor.
Baseline emissions for electricity supplied to the grid in the year y shall be calculated as the
amount of electricity produced with the renewable technology (MWh in the year) multiplied by
the CO2 emission factor of that grid (in tCO2/MWh). The emission factors for the following
years (2014 to 2020) are estimated using the combined margin (CM), consisting of the
combination of operating margin (OM) and build margin (BM) according to the procedures
prescribed in the Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system Version 2.2.0.
All data presented below and in Annex 3 are taken from an electronic worksheet19 provided to
the DOE as part of validation documents. It is noted that the emission factors as well as the
emissions reductions are average values considering the average value of expected
hydroelectric production. The emission factors, and therefore the emissions reductions, may
experience large inter annual variations due to the characteristic high variability in the
16
See:
http://www.miem.gub.uy/portal/hgxpp001?5,6,294,O,S,0,SRC;531;0;33331;N;SRC;MNU;E;94;1;MNU
(website visited 20/02/2012).
17
See: http://iie.fing.edu.uy/epim2010/Trabajos.html (website visited 20/02/2012).
18
See: http://www.cambioclimatico.gub.uy/index.php/publicaciones (website visited 20/02/2012).
19
See: PDD Agua Leguas Electric Scenarios 2014-2020.xlsx
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
production of hydro power in the country, which depends on precipitation regime (please, see
more details in Annex 3).
Table 10 - Estimated grid emission factor for the first crediting period
It is important to clarify that these are average expected values along the crediting period as
they are calculated based on average production of hydroelectric power.
In consequence, actual values shall be different for each year depending of the actual
hydroelectric production of the crediting period.
monthly basis.
Value of data applied Various, specified in the worksheet PDD Agua Leguas S.A. Electric
for the purpose of Scenario 2014-2020.
calculating expected
emission reductions in
section B.5
Description of Measurements are collected with meters and procedures according to
measurement methods the Measurements Commercial System (SMC) approved by URSEA
and procedures to be (Regulation Unit for Energy and Water Services).
applied: All data will be recorded by the project proponent as described in the
monitoring plant.
QA/QC procedures to The SMC systems assure QA/QC control and procedures for
be applied: commercial measures.
Any comment: Data is available for market agents
and procedures to be
applied:
QA/QC procedures to Data will be checked for consistency with default factors of IPCC
be applied: Guidelines. If inconsistencies are found, the likely reasons will be
investigated.
Any comment:
Value of data applied Various, specified in the worksheet PDD Agua Leguas Electric
for the purpose of Scenario 2014-2020.
calculating expected
emission reductions in
section B.5
Description of Official statistics; publicly accessible and reliable data source.
measurement methods
and procedures to be
applied:
QA/QC procedures to N/A
be applied:
Any comment: Mass or volume consumed for unit i in the hour h is obtained
multiplying specific consumption of the unit in mass or
volumen/MWh by energy generation in MWh of the hour h.
applied:
QA/QC procedures to Measurements are made according to Commercial Measurement
be applied: System approved by URSEA (URSEA Decision No. 14002 of
27/11/2002)
Any comment: Data is available for market agents
The Monitoring Plan for this project has been developed to ensure that from the start, the
project is well organized in terms of the collection and archiving of complete and reliable data.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Prior to the start of the crediting period, the organization of the monitoring team and the
monitoring procedures will be established. There will be a CDM Manager who will have the
overall responsibility for the monitoring system of the project, ensuring reliable monitoring
procedures. These procedures will detail the organization, control and steps required for certain
key monitoring system features, including: record, collection, quality control and quality
assurance of data along with all issues concerning equipment maintenance and calibration.
Parameters to be monitored are electricity supplied to the grid by the project and electricity
generation of the power plants connected to the national grid. Data for electricity generation of
the power plants connected to the national grid will not be measured at those power plants as it
will be provided by the official load dispatch administrator (ADME). The electricity delivered
to the grid by the project activity is also included in the monthly report from ADME. The
measurement of energy deliver to the grid is also registered at the SCADA system of the project
activity.
The electronic power meters installed by UTE at the output of the project wind farm and the
other units/plants connected to the grid will continuously record the amount of electricity
delivered to the grid. In parallel, the supervisory control system of the wind farm will also
continuously measure the amount of electricity generated. Agua Leguas S.A. wind farm will
have plant operators in order to control all automation system parameters and hourly records of
the main electronic power meter of UTE and the Scada supervisory system of the wind farm.
All metering equipment to be used for the monitoring will be appropriately maintained,
calibrated, and checked at regular intervals. This shall be performed according to established in
Commercial Measurements System by URSEA (URSEA Decision No. 14002 of 27/11/2002).
Monitoring data will be periodically archived in electronic files, which will be backed-up. The
project participants will keep invoices corresponding to electricity sales, which will also serve
for cross-checking purposes.
All printed documentation will be stored and available to the verifier so that the reliability of
the information may be checked.
The CDM Manager of the project developer will be responsible for checking the data
(according to a formal procedure) and for managing the collection, storage and archive of all
data and records. Hourly and monthly measurements will be recorded.
Data for verification and issuance will be kept for at least two years after the end of the
crediting period or the last issuance of CER.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
4. Training of personnel
Installation, start-up and commissioning were under supervision of purchaser assisted by local
engineers as part of training. Afterwards, maintenance and operational personnel is trained with
special attention to training on operation of the Scada system by local engineers.
Scada system will alert (alarm signals) about failures. Clear procedures to be followed by
operators and personnel shall be established for emergency situations.
B.8. Date of completion of the application of the baseline study and monitoring
methodology and the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies):
Baseline study and monitoring methodology were completed on 22/02/2012 by Carbosur SRL.
Carbosur is not a project participant.
Responsible persons: Daniel Martino, Agustin Inthamoussu, Robert Dietrich and Miguel
Oronoz.
21 years
01/01/2014
7 years
Not applicable
C.2.2.2. Length:
Not applicable
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
The project activity falls under the scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
notification of Uruguays environmental authority (DINAMA) for energy project with an
installed capacity of more than 10 MW. No negative impacts have been identified.
The contribution of the project to the host countrys sustainable development is assessed by the
DNA.
The main environmental benefits identified by the EIA are the following:
Reduction of emissions of particulate matter, SOx, and NOx, occurring in the baseline
due to the burning of fossil fuels for electricity generation in the project electricity
system. It is estimated that more than 30% of the electricity generation that will be
displaced by the project corresponds to fossil-fuel generation.
Neutral effects on soil, water resources and biological diversity.
An Environmental Management Plan will be implemented which includes the programs for
monitoring any potential negative impacts and apply mitigation measures if necessary. This
Plan will apply during the building and operation stages of the project.
According to host country regulations, the Letter of Approval for CDM projects is conditional
to compliance of project participants with applicable environmental regulations, including the
granting of the Environmental Permits. Therefore, the issuance of the Letter of Approval
implies that the project participants have complied with all regulations and that no negative
environmental impacts are expected or if they are expected, proper mitigation provisions have
been implemented.
The Letter of Approval for CDM projects is granted by the Ministry of Housing, Territorial
Planning and Environment. The process requires the submission by the Project Participant of
the Letter to the Minister, the translated PDD, the document about the contribution of the
project to the sustainable development of Uruguay, the support information about the Public
Hearings, and the Environmental Authorization or Environmental Impact Assessment,
whichever corresponds, to the Climate Change Unit (Unidad de Cambio Climtico) of the
DINAMA.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
E.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and
compiled:
In order to obtain national approval, public hearings are required by the Designated National
Authority of Uruguay (Ministerio de Vivienda, Ordenamiento Territorial y Medio Ambiente).
Public hearings are the opportunity for stakeholders to learn about the project and to express
their ideas to project developers and to the government before the final approval decisions are
taken.
Agua Leguas S.A. held two public hearings, one in Paso de los Toros a small city near the
project site and the other in Montevideo. Both hearings consisted of a presentation with the
description of the project, its environmental impact assessment and its contribution to
sustainable development of Uruguay followed by presentations about climate change and the
CDM. The participants were able to express their concerns and suggestions about the project.
All comments were recorded, and their summary is shown in the table presented in section E.2.
Comments received during public consultation and their corresponding responses are shown in
the table below.
Date / Name /
N Comment Answer
Location Institution
1 15 Jorge 1 Lifetime of 1 The equipment lifetime is more than 20
November Fernando equipment and years. We considered a lifetime of 20
2011 Ferreira facilities. years. Generally the wind park can be
Paso de los Junta 2 Does the staff to be repowered after that.
Toros Departamental hire include local 2 The local workforce will be prioritized
de residents? as long as they have the necessary skills. It
Tacuaremb 3 What percentage is common that for certain positions no
contributed by the local workers is available, considering the
national energy skills needed in those positions. I wish we
projects? could hire local workers to cover all
positions.
3 The average electricity generation goes
above 1000 MW. The wind farm has 100
MW installed power what means an
effective power of 39 MW due to wind
variation. That would be approximately
3.9% of the national energy generation.
2 15 Juan Jos What do you think The reality is that to the extent that people
November Arbiza will benefit the have the skills course will be prioritized by
2011 Oficina Mpal. project area? Will the local workforce. For certain positions
Paso de los Peralta consider labour's generally do not get local workers for
Toros place? certain jobs, for the skills needed in those
positions. I wish we could hire all we need
here.
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3 18 Jos Perruccio Does the company Agua Leguas S.A. has a social
November AUdEE have a social responsibility program. So far only the
2011 responsibility consultations with the authorities to
Montevide program, how is it identify needs have been implemented.
o implemented? Based on the information gathered we will
fit the social responsibility program. In
particular we identified that hiring local
labour is the main concern. We will
elaborate a list for the authorities with the
needed capabilities so they can implement
the training with the UTU.
4 18 Eduardo The contribution of Having a 20-year contract by pricing
November Abenia the project to the provides stability to the electricity price for
2011 AUdEE stability of energy both, the one who sells and the one who
Montevide prices was not buys the power.
o mentioned.
E.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received:
All comments and questions received were answered during the events. There were no
questions left out and all participants showed themselves satisfied with the answers given.
Most of the questions were about details of the operation of wind turbines, and all of them were
properly clarified.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
BASELINE INFORMATION
For the purpose of the ex-ante estimation of the grid emission factor, an electric scenario was
projected based on conservative assumptions. These assumptions are related to the expected
evolution of national electricity demand, and the characteristics of the load dispatched
(hydroelectric generation, volume of imports and thermal generation) in terms of availability,
lifetime and merit order, for the first crediting period.
Following is a description of the baseline scenario for electricity generation. All data presented
below is taken from an electronic excel sheet that is attached to the documentation presented to
the DOE for validation and verification.
The project electricity system comprises all the power plants located in the National territory of
Uruguay that are physically connected to the grid.
Salto Grande is a bi-national join work that includes a hydroelectric power plant, with the dam
located on the Uruguay River, and a transmission system of 500 kV that includes four stations
and lines. The configuration is symmetrical referred to the frontier between of the two
countries. Salto Grande is shared in identical parts (50/50) by Uruguay and Argentina20. Salto
Grande (hydroelectric plant and transmission system) is managed by a particular international
organization (Comisin Tcnico-Mixta de Salto Grande) that reports directly to the
Governments of each country. Daily operation of water resources are decided by agreements
between the National Load Dispatch Centers of both countries.
Salto Grande transmission system is part of the connectivity of the electrical grid of 500 kV of
Argentina and Uruguay electric system.
Each of the power units connected to the electricity system has a factor capacity that indicates
the percentage of its nominal capacity that is available for generation.
Energy Demand
Estimation of Uruguay energy demand for electricity during the first crediting period is based
on historical data from the last 30 years. Historical energy demand shows an increase at an
annual rate of 4 per cent, and this is the value to be used for the baseline scenario. Table A-1
shows the estimated demand of electricity in Uruguay (in GWh per annum) during the first
crediting period of the project.
Table A-1 - Electricity demand for the first crediting period (GWh/year)
20
See document SIN.pdf
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Load dispatch
National Law No. 16837 (1997) abolished the State monopoly for electricity generation and
created a market for energy transactions. This market is administrated by ADME (National
Administrator of Electric Market) and its operation is performed by DNCU (National Load
Dispatch Centre). Regulations Decrees were approved in the year 2002. Although this new
frame has not yet been completely implemented, current rules make it possible to build
privately owned generation units (particularly renewable wind and biomass). Different
modalities for operation (free dispatch, distributed generation, etc.) are being implemented for
selling and buying energy to the monopoly distributor (UTE). Since 2008 DNCU is operated by
ADME.
a) Hydroelectric generation
Hydroelectric power plants in the Uruguayan interconnected system are: the bi-national hydro-
power dam of Salto Grande, located on the Uruguay River (shared with Argentina) and the
hydroelectric power plants of Gabriel Terra, Baygorria and Constitucin (Palmar) located on
the Negro River.
Uruguayan electricity system is strongly dependent on hydroelectric generation. Total installed
hydroelectric power is 1,558 MW, while maximum historical demand peak was 1,774MW.21
Historical energy generation from hydroelectric plants is between 4,686 GWh and 9,017 GWh.
Due to the particular characteristics of water resource in Uruguay, it is very difficult to get
reliable estimations of future generation. On one hand, as a result of the variability of the
rainfall regime, hydroelectric generation in moist, temperate warm zones like Uruguay is highly
fluctuating and does not follow any statistical distribution. In addition, water storage capacity
of the dam lakes is limited to 2-3 days in Salto Grande, 1 week in Constitucin and 6 months in
Gabriel Terra, and no storage capacity in Baygorria.
Existing official studies for operation, planning and dispatch decisions are based on average
historical values for water flow in the dams.
In order to estimate hydroelectric generation for the first crediting period of the proposed
project activity, it was assumed that exports corresponding to hydro electrical energy will be
gradually reduced and will be incorporated to average historical hydro generation in order to
fulfil part of the future increase in local energy demand. Since average hourly generation of
hydroelectric plants is below nominal capacity, no availability or capacity factor is assumed.
It must be noted that actual hydroelectric production during the credit period will likely have
strong inter-annual variations instead of the assumed constant hydro generation in the ex/ante
calculation. Consequently, the combined margin emission factor and the resulting emission
reductions will also have large fluctuations over time. Historical data show that hydro
generation varied from a minimum of 3,502 GWh in 2006 to 9,017 GWh in 2002.
The potential for hydro power generation has been reached and, therefore, no further additions
are expected to occur in the future. Further expansion of the hydro installed capacity would
require the flooding of vast areas with correspondingly very high investment costs. A tender for
the installation of mini hydro plants implemented by UTE in 2006 did not return any bids.
21
Occurred at 04/07/2011.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Variable cost of water is zero and investment costs and repayment of major investment is
assumed to occur during 100 years, resulting in also reduced annual costs. Due to this
hydroelectric sources are the first to be dispatched after wind energy.
Table A-2 Hydro power generation for the first crediting period
Note: As average equivalent power (MW) is less than installed power capacity, no availability factor is
applied when calculating ex-ante emission factors
b) Wind Generation
Long-term estimations for average wind energy generation can be calculated using statistical
distribution models of the wind resources. For the purpose of ex-ante estimations an average
capacity factor is assumed based on studies of different local resources. Note that for Agroland
and Nuevo Manantial the capacity factor is expected to be less than 20%. The production from
wind farm Caracoles installed by UTE is reaching a capacity factor over 36%. New projects
confirmed to be built with a total capacity of 194 MW are informing capacity factors over 35%
(See Table A-3).
According to regulations wind energy will be dispatched with first priority.
Agua Leguas S.A. project activity will install a 100 MW wind farm. A plant factor of 0.4078 is
considered (P50). Starting date of commercial operation is assumed to be in 2014
Table A- 3. Wind power generation projected for the first crediting period
Starting Installed
Wind Farms year power
Year MW
Agroland (1) 2007 0.45
N. Manantial (1) 2008 10
Caracoles (UTE) 2008 10
Caracoles 2 UTE (2) 2010 10
N. Manantial (1) 2011 3
Kentilux 2011 20
Fortuny 2012 16
Luz de Mar 2013 18
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Notes:
(1) Registered as CDM project
(2) Tender awarded in January 2011
(3) Tender to be awarded in January 2012
c) Biomass-fired plants
As explained above, carbon finance results in private investment in new power and co-
generation units using biomass as fuel. Table A-4 shows a list of the existing and expected
biomass power plants with the corresponding average equivalent generation power. According
to data from experts and from official documents, variable costs for biomass power plants are
lower than those of fossil fuel power plants. In consequence, biomass plants are dispatched
before fossil fuel units.
For all biomass generators purchase agreement with UTE is based on free dispatch. Taking into
account their brief history (most units were incorporated since 2010), the estimation of their
future availability has been made depending on the type of biomass and application.
In the case of the excess power produced by cellulosic pulp mills and delivered to the grid, a
high availability of 80% is assumed. This is due to the fact that these plants normally achieve
high rates of operational time.
Most of the other biomass fuelled units are co-generation plants, with energy production
depending on the activity of the industrial plant using the steam produced. Experience with
these plants shows that they have faced technological barriers, causing them to be still below
their nominal capacities. It was assumed that by 2012 they will all reach their nominal
capacities. Due to these reasons, their availability factor is lower than for the other plants.
For distributed generation units, defined as those with a capacity of less than 5 MW, payment
of power is based on spot prices, and it is not yet very clear which should be their
participation in the market.
Table A-4 Biomass power generation projected for the first crediting period
Starting Installed
Biomass
year power
Unit or Plants Year MW
Las Rosas 2005 1.2
UPM (1) 2007 30
Galofer (1) 2010 14
Bioener (1) 2010 12
Fenirol 2010 10
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Weyerhaeuser 2010 5
Liderdat 2010 5
Alur 2011 5
Ponlar 2012 5
Aguia Maderas 2012 0
CEPP 2013 43
Future 2014 2014 30
Future 2015 2015 30
Future 2016 2016 30
Future 2017 2017 20
Future 2018 2018 20
Future 2019 2019 20
Future 2020 2020 20
Notes:
(1) Registered as CDM project
Table A-5 Fossil fuel power generation and availability factors considered for ex-ante estimations
the first crediting period.
Table A-6 summarizes the plant emission factors assumed for each unit for ex-ante
calculations. ADME publishes fuel consumption of the different plants in t/MWh or m3/MWh
and therefore emission factors are calculated based on actual values taking into consideration
the net calorific values of each fuel and IPCC default values for emission factor of each fuel.
Table A-6 Plant emission factors considered for the first crediting period.
Emission
Years Power plant Fuel Factor
(tCO2/MWh)
From 2013 to 2019 Central Batlle - Sala B - full power Fuel Oil 1.098
Central Batlle - Sala B - min.power Fuel Oil 1.441
Central Batlle - 5ta. Unit - full power Fuel Oil 0.822
From 2013 to 2019
Central Batlle - 5ta. Unit - min. power Fuel Oil 1.004
Central Batlle - 6ta. Unit - full power Fuel Oil 0.852
From 2013 to 2019
Central Batlle - 6ta. Unit - min.power Fuel Oil 1.103
From 2013 to 2019 Central Batlle - Engines Fuel Oil engines 0.650
From 2013 to 2014 Punta del Tigre Gas oil 0.704
From 2015 to 2019 Punta del Tigre Natural Gas 0.533
From 2013 to 2019 La Tablada - CTR Gas oil 0.884
From 2013 to 2019 TGAA Maldonado Gas oil 1.174
From 2013 to 2019 San Borja/RIVERA Gas oil 0.879
From 2013 to 2019 Zenda Natural gas 0.584
From 2014 to 2015 Combined Cycle Plant Turbines Gasoil 0.763
From 2016 to 2020 Combined Cycle Plant Completed Gasoil 0.508
From 2015 to 2020 Combined Cycle Plant Completed Natural Gas 0.273
There are three interconnection points for energy exchange with the neighbouring countries
Argentina and Brazil.
The extra high voltage transmission line of 500 kV in Uruguay is connected to the Argentinean
grid (2,000-MW capacity), since 1980, enabling energy imports from Argentina and, indirectly,
from Brazil.
Two other links connect local transmission lines of 150 kV to 132 kV lines of the Argentinean
(Paysand) and Brazilian (Rivera) 132 kV grid. The connection with Brazil is through a
frequency conversion plant (50/60Hz, 70 MW) and is in operation since 2004.
A new interconnection point between Uruguay and Brazil is planned to be constructed in the
near future, to enable the connection of 500 kV local lines with the 320 kV transmission lines
of Brazil. Total capacity projected of this interconnection is 500 MW. This investment has been
decided recently, but the start date of commercial operation it is yet unknown.
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Due to the very low magnitude of the net international exchange of electricity (Table A-7),
imports and exports are not considered for ex-ante calculations of emissions reductions for the
first crediting period.
Total Total
Demand Demand Demand
Year exports imports
GWh GWh % GWh %
1995 6117 254 4% 188 3%
1996 6466 297 5% 309 5%
1997 6835 402 6% 271 4%
1998 7194 1819 25% 78 1%
1999 7545 209 3% 708 9%
2000 7833 767 10% 1328 17%
2001 7862 1241 16% 126 2%
2002 7687 1909 25% 559 7%
2003 7704 954 12% 434 6%
2004 8095 10 0% 2348 29%
2005 8226 825 10% 1585 19%
2006 8211 17 0% 2833 35%
2007 8881 1005 11% 789 9%
2008 8781 30 0% 962 11%
2009 8990 266 3% 1468 16%
2010 9383 711 8% 387 4%
2011 9882 0 0% 470 5%
Average: 8.1% 11%
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
Annex 4
MONITORING INFORMATION
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