Islamic International University Islamabad

Department of Civil Engineering (B-Tech)

Experiment # 1

Objective:
To understand the principles of tensile testing.

Apparatus:
WP300 Tensile Test
Material

Theory:
If a load is static or changed relative slowly with time and is applied uniformly over a cross
section/ surface of a chamber. The mechanical behavior may be ascertained by simple stress-
strain test. These tests are most commonly conducted for metals at room temperature. There are
three principle way in which the load may be applied: tensile, compression and shear.
Tension is one of the most common mechanical stress and strain tests. A standard specimen is
deformed, usually to fracture with a gradually increasing tensile load that is applied uniaxial
along the vertical axis of a specimen. Most of the tensile tests for metals are conducted according
to the ASTM standard E8 and E8M standard test methods for tensile testing of metallic
materials.
Principle of the Tensile Test:
The tensile test is the best-known test in material testing. It determines tensile strength, one of
most important properties of material. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine elongation at
fracture as toughness measurement of the material.
In the tensile test, a mono-axial stress is generated in a material sample. This stress is induced via
external loading of the sample in a longitudinal direction via a tensile force. There is then an
even distribution of direct stress in the test cross-section of the sample.
In order to determine the strength of the material, loading of the sample is slowly and
continuously increased until its fail. The maximum test force, FB and the initial, Ao of the
sample.

=

The elongation at fracture, refers to the change in length of the sample compared with its original
length, Lo and is calculated using the length, Lu of the sample after fracture.

= 100%

Procedure:
1. The test device is set up as follows:
Untwist the hand wheel on the master cylinder as far as it will go and move the load
frame down to its lowest position (if this has not been done, insert the gripping heads in
the upper cross-member and cross-head).
Screw down the gripping heads with the short bolt at the bottom and with pressure pad.
Gripping head with the long bolt at the top.
2. Insert the required tensile sample.
Measure and note down the test length Lo of the sample between two marks.
Screw the sample by hand into the lower gripping head as far as the end stop.
3. Adjust the dial gauge.
4. Slowly and constantly loaded by rotating the hand wheel.
5. Application of force should spread over a time interval 5-10 minutes.
6. Monitor the sample take the readings.

Conclusion: