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Milling Machines
MCU(Microcontroller)
Indexer
Fixtures Vice
Chip Conveyor
Part Feeder
Turning Machine (Lathe)
Point to Point
Positioning system, move the worktable to a programmed location without regards for
the path taken to get that location.
Once move has been completed, some processing action is accomplished by the
workhead.
Example: Drilling.
In this case the tool perform the process while the worktable is moving.
Example: Milling, Turning.
Circular interpolation
The method permits programming a circular arc by specifying the following parameter:
Coordinate of starting point
Coordinate of end point
Center or radius
Direction of path
Helical interpolation
This method combines circular interpolation scheme for two axis with linear
interpolation of a third axis.
The computer translates the instructions, perform arithmetical tasks and post process
the program.
Control Keys
2.2.2. REFERENCE POINTS OF THE MACHINE
b. Reference point R
The reference point is a fixed point on the machine. It serves for the calibration of the
measuring system.
The reference point must be approached after each switch-on of the machine to
communicate the exact distance between the points M and N (T) to the control.
Code: D10-30-2-R1
Tool Compensation
Flow Process
1. Geometry
Part geometry
Workpiece
2. Operations
Define operations
Select tool
Define tool path: Coordinates table
Cutting parameters
3. Write the program
Header
Reference point
Operations
4. Simulation
Dry Run
5. Run
Cycle start
Geometry
a. Part Geometry
Part drawing
Intersection points
b. Workpiece
Stock
blank
Operations and Sequence
Operation
Tool Path Strategies
Cutting parameters
2.3.1. OPERATIONS
Process
Rough-finish
rough finish
sandvick
Example
Face milling zig-zag
= 100 /
= 0.1 /
= 40
=4
1000
=
100 1000
=
40
= 795.77
Programming
a. Block
Number
Sequential number
One function
One movement
b. Program Structure
1. Name
00001;
2. Header
Basic instructions
Coordinates system
Units system
Cancel compensation
Cancel cycles
Reference
3. Operations
a. Operation 1
Reference point
Select tool
Cutting parameters
Tool path
b. Operation 2
Reference point
Select tool
Cutting parameters
Tool path
c. Operation n
Reference point
Select tool
Cutting parameters
Tool path
Simulation
Dry Run
Run
Cycle start
2.4. EXERCISES
1) The two axes of an x-y positioning table are each driven by a stepping motor
connected to a leadscrew with a 4:1 gear reduction. The number of step angles on each
stepping motor is 200. Each leadscrew has a pitch = 5.0 mm and provides an axis range
= 400.0 mm. There are 16 bits in each binary register used by the controller to store
position data for the two axes. (a) What is the control resolution of each axis? (b) What
are the required the rotational speeds and corresponding pulse train frequencies of each
stepping motor in order to drive the table at 600 mm/min in a straight line from point
(25,25) to point (300,150)? Ignore acceleration.
Solution:
a) 1 = / = 5.0/(4200) = 0.00625
2 = /(2 1) = 400/(216 1) = 400/65,535 = 0.00610
= {0.00625,0.00610} = .
b) = 600 / (25, 25) (300, 150)
= 300 25 = 275 , = 150 25 = 125
= 1(125/275) = 24.44
= 600 24.44 = 546.22 /
= / = 4(546.22)/5.0 = . /
= /60 = 436.98(200)/60 = . .
= 600 24.44 = 248.28 /
= / = 4(248.28)/5.0 = . /
= /60 = 198.63(200)/60 = .
Solution:
a) = / , = / = 100(200)/5 =
.
b) = /60 = 500(200)/60(5) = .
c) = / = 16 500/5 = /
Chapter 3 G CODES
Preparatory function.
Miscellaneous function.
Oneshot G code
The G code is effective only in the block in which it is.
Modal G code
The G code is effective until another G code of the same group is specified.
List of function
Group 01 G00 G01 G02 G03 G33
Group 02 G17 G18 G19
Group 03 G90 G91
Group 05 G94 G95
Group 06 G20 G21
Group 07 G40 G41 G42
Group 08 G43 G44 G49
Group 09 G73 G74 G76 G80G89
Group 10 G98 G99
Group 11 G50 G51
Group 12 G65 G66 G67
Group 13 G96 G97
Group 14 G54G59
Group 15 G61G64
Group 16 G68 G69
Positioning (G00)
The G00 command moves a tool to the position in the workpiece system specified with
an absolute or an incremental command at a rapid traverse rate.
FORMAT: G00 Xe Ye Ze;
02
FORMAT: Arc in the XpYp plane 17
03
02
Arc in the ZpXp plane 18
03
03
Arc in the YpZp plane 19
04
The numerical value following I, J, or K, is a vector component in which the arc center is
seen from the start point.
EXAMPLES:
Direction of the Circular Interpolation (G17, G18, G19)
Inch/Metric Conversion (G20, G21)
G20; Inch input
G2 ; mm input
G82 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ K_;
X_ Y_: Hole position data
Z_: The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole
R_: The distance from the initial level to point R level
P_: Dwell time at the bottom of a hole
F_: Cutting feed rate
K_: Number of repeats (if required)
In this tapping cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is
rotated in the reverse direction.
3.3. CANNED CYCLES
TO DEVELOP
3.4. EXERCISES
1) Write 2 programs in which the milling tool follow the path shown in Figure 1.
The first program must be done in relative coordinates and the second program in
absolute coordinates.
First Program:
N10 G21 G17 G54 G40 G49
N20 G70 G80 G90
N30 G91 G28 Z0
N40 M06 T01
N50 G43 H01
N60 G00 X0 Y0 Z5
N70 M03 S1500;
N80 G00 X25 Y25 F500;
N90 G01 Z-5
N100 G01 X0 Y75
N110 G01 X75 Y0
N120 G01 X0 Y-75
N130 G01 X-75 Y0
N140 G01 Z5
Second Program:
N10 G21 G17 G54 G40 G49
N20 G70 G80 G90
N30 G91 G28 Z0
N40 G90
N50 M06 T01
N60 G43 H01
N60 G00 X0 Y0 Z5
N70 M03 S1500;
N80 G00 X25 Y25 F500;
N90 G01 Z-5
N100 G01 X25 Y100
N110 G01 X100 Y100
N120 G01 X100 Y25
N130 G01 X25 Y100
N140 G01 Z5