Cyclopean Concrete

Discription
Cyclopean concrete shall be constructed with a mixture of a 60% plain concrete and 40% large
stones (variable size between 10 and 25 centimeters). Concrete shall be proportioned tp 200 kg
cement per 1 m3. The plain concrete to be used in this job shall have a minimum resistence of
180 kg/cm2 on the 28th day the materials should be saturated before creating the mixture.
Stony materials will comply with the ASTM standard and dosage will be according to concrete
design.
In the first step, the contractor shall apply a plain concrete layer of 15 centimeter depth and
subsequently a layer of stone shall be placed manually on top. The spaces between the stones
will not be less than 5 centimeters in any of the rows and from structure adges. The next step
is to place another layer of plain concrete and the same procedure is followed until the desired
height is reached.

Materials
Plain Concrete
Plain concrete results from mixing coarse, arid materials of up to 5 cm in diameter
(nominal) and fine, arid materials joined by a paste of water and cement.
To obtain good, strong, long-lasting and cheap concrete, the following items should be
closely monitored:
Material Quality
Dosage of components
Management,placing and concrete setting

The dosage of plain concrete varies in accordance with the type of work that its's going
to be used on:
The concrete shall be mix by mechanical vibration, except for small amounts (less that
100 kg) that can be made by hand. The dosage will be made by weight, using a
platform scale that allows putting a wheelbarrow of aggregate on it.
The concrete prepared in a mechanical vibration will be mixed at least for the time
indicated in the following table:

Large stones for cyclopean concrete

The large stone for cyclopean concrete shall come from quarries or collection banks that
must be clean, granitoid or sandstone. Stones of between 10 cm to 25 cm in diameter
shall be used for this type of concrete. The stone shall not exceed more than 50% of
the concrete component. The stone will be solid, resistant and long-lasting, free of
organic matter or clay residues. It was be homogeneous, with uniform color and will be
free of cracking or crevices, or other flaws that would reduce its strength.
The size of the stones shall not surpass 25% of the smallest dimension on the structure
to be built. It is unacceptable to indicate that humidity reduces the strength, and for
that reason porous stone assays shall be done by saturation and without localized
efflorescences.
Waterstop
Waterstop is made by PVCand used for construction joints and continous connections of
concrete with each size and different shape as required construction requirements. Usually used
for connection between floor concrete. wall with floor, and for continous connection of
concrete.
Waterstop PVC is a special material with good flexibility such as rubber and is fitted to concrete
joints that are tight and it can hold the flow of water entering the concrete connection.

Centre bulb sections are used in expansion, constraction and cunstruction joints. The centre
bulb allows for movements in structure to be accommodate whilst its hexagonal design provides
a flat surface.
Waterstop properties
Hydrostatic head : Up to 10 m
Joint movement : Up to 10 mm
Tensile Strength : Minimum 14 MN/m2
Elongation at break : Minimum 300%
Hardness : Shore 'A' 80 - 90
Woven Geotextiles
Woven Geotextiles are some of the strongest fabrics available for erosion control, stabilization
and aggregate separation. Offering an increased grab tensile strength, woven geotextile fabrics
offer a robust design that allows them to be successfully implemented in almost any location,
including the following:
Pavement
Roads
Railroads
Structures
Rip rap

Woven Geotextile Fabric is constructed through the blending and weaving fibers. The result is a
product that is not only strong, but also remarkably well equipped to handle drainage and
erosion control problems.
Description Test Method Units Value
Nominal Mass ASTM D5261-92 Gr/m2 K-150
Grab Tensile Strength ASTM D4632-91 N 1813
Grab Elongation ASTM D4632-91 % 23
Wide Width Tensile Strength ASTM D5035-2003 kN/m 35
Wide Width Elongation ASTM D5035-2003 % 23.5
Puncture Resistance ASTM D4833-95 N 284
Coefficient of Permeability 100 mm Constant L/m2/sec 26
Effective opening size Mm 0.4
Roll Width M 4
Roll Length M 200

Stone Masonry
a) Stone
i. Stones should be clean, hard, without cracked parts.
ii. The stone should be flat, or oval in shape, and can be placed lock each other
when istallation.
iii. The range of stone size is between diameter 15-30 cm
All stone used for this work shoul be hard,uniform in texture, locally the best available
from the nearest quarry or elsewhere approved by the site engineer / supervisor. Stone
shall be fairly regular in size and every stone shall be fitted to the adjacent stones. No
stones shall be less than15 cm in size.
 b) Sand
i. Sand must consist of clean material, sharp and free from organic materials, silt,
clay.

c) Cement
i. Portland cement conforming to Indonesian Portland cement regulation NI-8 or
ASTM C-150 type 1.

d) Water
i. Water shall be clean and free from deleterious metter such as oil,acid, alkali, salt
and vegetable growth.

Rock and Boulders Excavation

Rock excavation shall be defined as the excavation of all hard, compacted or cemented
materials that requires blasting or the use of ripping and excavating equipment larger than
defined for common excavation. The excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock
fragments larger than one

Excavation Support and Protection

A. Excavation shall comprise and include the satisfactory loosening, removing, loading,
transporting, depositing, and compacting in the final location all materials, wet and dry.
Necessary to be removed for propose of installation of the permanent excavations and
such other purposes as indicated on the drawings.