Terminal Design

1. 1. FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AIRPORT

MANAGEMENT(BDU30103) BACHELOR OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY (PROFESSIONAL PILOTING) WITH HONOURS LECTURER: DR.
SYARIFUL SYAFIQ BIN SHAMSUDIN 3BDC
2. 2. Explain the public transportation at airport. Describe about the passenger movement
and baggage handling. Describe major terminal design concepts. 1 Learning
Outcomes Students able to:
3. 3. 2 Topics 1. Introduction to Terminal Design (Landside) 2. Type of Terminals 3.
Principles of Terminal Design 4. Introduction to Landside Technological Improvement
Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Delay 5. Terminal Facilities and Services 6.
Airport Examples
4. 4. Landside Airside 3
5. 5. All these facilities associated with the movement of passengers and their
baggage.Landside areas include parking facilities, public transportation, terminal
building and all utilities that support the operations of terminals. 4 landside
6. 6. Landside F acilities TERMINAL BUILDING PASSENGER MOVEMENT BAGGAGE
HANDLING LANDSIDE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PARKING FACILITIES
7. 7. The terminals are the front door to the Airport and serve as the public interface
between the airside and landside elements. *embark = go onboard an aircraft.
Terminal building is the main building where passengers embark and disembark aircrafts.
Terminal Building
8. 8. It also has 48 aircraft parking stands with boarding gates and air bridges, the terminal
has a capacity of 45 million passengers a year, arriving on 460 flights every day. The
Hong Kong International Airport passenger terminal building is 1.3 km long and covers an
area of 135.9 acres and is the world's largest single airport building. 8 The World's
Largest Airport Terminal
9. 9. Types 9 Pier/Finger Compact Module Unit Terminal Satellite Linear/Curvilinear Types
Transporter
10. 10. 10 Linear/Curvelinear
11. 11. Simplest11 Linear/Curvelinear & Primarily appropriate for low-activity O Consists
of a single passenger processing area. Simple organizational principles. Most straight-
forward. &McNamara Terminal of Detroit Metro Airport Airport: Centralized passenger
processing. Direct relationship between curbside and the aircraft.(Short walking
distances) P airports.
12. 12. 12 Pier/Finger
13. 13. Kansai International Airport Example: Compact arrangements of a/c along the
pier, allow efficient servicing of the a/c, thus lowering the operating costs for the airlines.
Compare to linear, this concept type increases passenger walking distances from the
processing area. This concept fully separates the passenger processing functions from
the concourse activities. Passengers are usually processed at the simple terminal
location and then routed down a "pier" where aircraft are parked in the "finger" slots or
gates for boarding. A/C usually arranged around the axis of the pier in a perpendicular.
A/C are parked on both side of a concourse. Kansai International Airport 13
Pier/Finger
14. 14. 14 Satellite It is completely surrounded by aircraft. Connected to the processing
areas of the terminal via underground, at-grade, or overhead connector. Parked in a
nose-in arrangement around the satellite. Passenger processing is handled in a
separate terminal facility. It is work well for heavy-activity airport with O&D and large
percentage of connecting passengers. Example: Orlando International Hartsfield-
Jackson Atlanta International Denver International Chicago OHare International
15. 15. 15 Transporter It provides a complete separation of passenger facilities from those
required to service and maintain the aircraft. Aircraft and a/c-servicing functions are
remotely located from the terminal. Passengers access the a/c via the mobile lounges
that leave from the terminal gates, go directly to the aircraft. The use of buses that drop
 off the passengers adjacent to the a/c on the apron. Airplane taxiing time to and from
the runway is decreased as well as reduce the amount of aircraft engine noise around
the terminal. Example: Dulles International Airport Tampa International Airport
16. 16. 16 Compact Module Unit Terminal
17. 17. London Heathrow Kennedy International Airport, NY Example: It is defined by
the IATA as 2 or more separate, self-contained building, each housing a single airline or
group of airlines, each having direct access to ground transportation. 17 Compact
Module Unit Terminal
18. 18. Advantages & Long walking distances Limited expansion capability Reduced aircraft
circulation Economical to build Efficient use of land Centralized resources,
economies of scale (human,facilities, amenities) Disadvantages 18 No. Terminal
Concept Advantages Disadvantages 1. Pier/Finger & Short walking distances Simple
pax Ease of aircraft manoeuvrability Ease of expansion capability for aircraft stands
Simple and smaller central terminal Cost savings 5. Compact module unit terminal
4. Transporter 3. Satellite Duplication of terminal facilities/amenities
Longer walking distances for transfer pax Longer minimum connecting time Centralized
resources (human, facilities and amenities) Facilitates pax management Shortest
walking distances Simple construction Lower baggage systems costs (conveying/sorting)
using decentralized system manoeuvrability 2. Linear & Requires high technology,
underground transportation system High capital, maintenance baggage
transportation/sorting systems within each module & operating cost Increases minimum
connecting times Higher instances of pax delays High capital, maintenance & operating
costs Increased minimum connecting times Multi-compact module units require pax and
bag transfer systems between terminals Duplication of facilities, higher operating costs
19. 19. Provide Passenger Facilities - Shopping, toilets, eating, meetingProcessing
(passenger processing space)-Ticket, check-in, security check. Change of Movement
Type-From car, train or bus to plane. 19 Main Function of Terminal Airport & greeting,
business & conference.
20. 20. To ensure the premium level of service. To operate smoothly. To provide
circulation, processing and holding space. 20 Function of Terminal Airport
21. 21. 21 Parts of Terminal Building A terminal building could be made for passengers,
cargo and for any other specific purposes. It comprises the basic physical parts as Front
side of the Terminal Visitors Area and Check-in Area Shop retails Security Hold Area
& Baggage Make Up area Passengers Meet and Greet area Airlines offices, counters
for Tour and Travel agencies counters for Taxi services Lounges of Business class or
Executive Class passengers
22. 22. Terminal facilities and services. Airport surface utilization. Noise control and
abatement. Weather and atmospheric effects. Airspace use procedures. Airport
access. Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and control. 22 Introduction to Landside
Technological Improvement Design to Improve Capacity and Reduce Delay
23. 23. Facilitate automobile traffic flow Airport circulation roads Facilitate airport
entrance and exit Terminal curbfront design Improve traffic flow Airport access
Traffic management techniques Improve surveillance; reduce separation Surveillance
radar Improve precision of navigation; make more flexible use of airspace Microwave
Landing System 23 Aircraft guidance, surveillance, and control
24. 24. Alert pilots to wind shear Wind shear detection Reduce in-trail separation Wake
vortex detection Segregate air traffic by size and speed Weather and atmospheric
effects Separate short runways for small aircraft Reduce in-trail separation
Reduced longitudinal separation Increase utilization of multiple runways in IMC
Reduced lateral separation for parallel and converging runways 24 Airspace use
procedures
25. 25. Improve docking at gate; improve aircraft maintenance and servicing Apron and
gate facilities Increase efficiency of taxiway use Taxiway marking and lighting
Reduce runway occupancy time High-speed turnoffs and improved taxiways Improve
surveillance, control, and guidance of aircraft on ground Surveillance and control
 Lessen or distribute noise impacts Airport surface utilization Aircraft operating
procedures Reduce aircraft noise Control of aircraft noise 25 Noise control and
abatement
26. 26. Expedite customs and immigration clearance Federal Inspection Service Make
screening faster and more reliable Passenger security screening Expedite baggage
check-in, transfer, and pickup Baggage handling Expedite ticket purchase and
passenger check-in Ticketing Improve circulation in terminal; reduce walking distance
Passenger movers Increase utility and efficiency of terminal building Terminal
building design 26 Terminal facilities and services
27. 27. Airlines and Support Activities. Holding Areas. Processing. Access and
Landside Interface. 27 Facilities required at Terminal Building
28. 28. Loading and unloading areas for car, buses, taxis, limousines and rapid surface
modes. Shuttle services to parking lots and other terminal. Curbside baggage check-
in where this is permitted. Curbside loading and unloading. The facilities include :
To ease the transfer of passenger flows. 28 Access and Landside Interface
29. 29. Baggage claim.Security check areas. Immigration control. Incoming and outgoing
customs. Gate check-in. Baggage check-in. Airline ticket and passenger check-in.
The facilities include: Areas are designated for the formalities associated with
processing passenger. 29 Processing
30. 30. Observation Decks and Visitors Lobbies.Concessions - restaurant, bar and duty-
free shop. Passenger Services Areas - wash rooms, internet access and public
telephone. Passenger Lounges - general, departure and gate lounges. The facilities
required: The areas where passengers wait, in some case with airport visitors, between
period occupied by passing through the various process. 30 Holding Areas
31. 31. Offices and support areas for maintenance staff. Governmental office - police,
health, immigration. Airport management offices - security, services. Airlines offices -
rest and refreshment areas for pilot and crew. The facilities must be provided: 31
Airlines and Support Activities The design must also cater to the need of airlines, airport
and support personal working in the terminal area.
32. 32. Public Transportation Parking Facilities Baggage Screening Passenger
Screening Security Checks Immigration Duties Check-in 32 Services Required at
Terminal Building
33. 33. Airport Check-in are service counters found at commercial airports handling
commercial air travel. The check-in is normally handled by an airline or a handling agent
working on behalf of an airline. Passengers usually hand over any baggage they do not
wish or are not allowed to carry-on to the aircraft's cabin and receive a boarding pass
before they can proceed to board their aircraft. Aer Lingus Self Check-in Kiosk at Dublin
Airport Check-in counters33 Check-In
34. 34. Block the entry of dangerous people to the country.Arresting people wanted by
international arrest warrants. Checking for appropriate documentation, Monitor
persons who leave or enter the country, Immigration responsible for: 34 Immigration
Duties
35. 35. Confirming the identity of travelers, Checking a photo IDPassenger Screening: 35
Security Checks & Baggage Screening using X-ray machineBody Screening using
Metal Detector Gate transports.
36. 36. Every piece of luggage is screened for explosives using the latest technology and
equipment before being placed on a plane Every passenger thus is screened by airport
security staff using the latest screening techniques to prevent any terrorist or criminal
activity. Purpose: to ensure that certain prohibited items dont board commercial
airliners. 36 Passenger Screening
37. 37. 37 Passenger Screening Metal objects will be detected and produce alarm sound.
38. 38. These items go through the X-ray machine. You will also need to remove your coat,
jacket, suit jacket or blazer and place it in one of the bins. Laptop computers and video
cameras with cassettes must be removed from their carrying cases and placed in one of
 the bins provided. Place all carry-on baggage and any items you are carrying with you
on the belt of the X-ray machine. 38 Baggage Screening The X-ray machine:
39. 39. 39 Baggage Screening X-Ray technology: see through the baggage
40. 40. Close to the terminal building. Pick-up / Drop-offCar Rental Parking-for taxi or
airport limousine Far away from terminal area, airport workers using bus go to the
terminal. Separate Parking-for airport employee Far away from terminal building, with
lower charges. Off-Airport Parking- for airline passengers Near terminal building.
Public Parking Facility- for airline passengers 40 Parking Facilities
41. 41. Aerotrain - Main Terminal Building to Satellite Terminal A. The journey between
terminals takes under two minutes train is able to transport 250passengers one time.
Express Train- Kuala Lumpur International Airport can be reached by the KLIA Express
(ERL) and the KLIA Transit train services. Bus - Both public and private buses connect
KLIA to several points in Kuala Lumpur and beyond. Taxis and limousine - Airport taxis
or airport limousines are provided by Airport Limo. The taxis and limousines are readily
available at the Taxi and Limousine counters. 41 Public Transportation
42. 42. Airport Engineering: Planning, Design, and Development of 21st Century Airport,
Norman J. Ashford, Saleh A. Mumayiz,42 References & Airport Planning
www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1984/8403/840306.PDF Paul H. Wright- 4th Edition &
Management, Alexander T. Wells, Seth B. Young-5th Edition
43. 43. 43

Airport Layout

1. 1. PREPARED BY: Naveed Hussain (nh.cvl.engineer@gmail.com)

2. 2. Airport An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed- wing aircraft,
helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an
airport. An airport consists of at least one surface such as runway for a plane to take
off and land, a helipad, or water for takeoffs and landings, and often includes
buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminal buildings.
3. 3. Components of An Airport Layout 1. Runway 2. Terminal Building 3. Apron 4.
Taxiway 5. Aircraft Stand 6. Hanger 7. Control Tower 8. Parking
4. 4. 1. Runways A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. It can be
grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. Runways have
special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a
road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. Runway markings are
white. Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is the runway's compass
direction. (For example, runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360
degrees). Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so
they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for center, and L for left. The
other end of the runway is pointing in the opposite direction, so it gets a different
number. The runway called 36 would be called 18 (for 180 degrees) if you were
looking at it from the other end. Runways may have other markings besides the end
number on them. They may have white stripes down the middle of them, and solid
white lines on the edges. The most important thing for you to remember about a
runway is that it is meant for aircraft use, so you should never drive your vehicle on it,
unless you are authorized to do so.
5. 5. 2. Terminal Buildings Also known as airport terminal, these buildings are the
spaces where passengers board or alight from flights. These buildings house all the
necessary facilities for passengers to check-in their luggage, clear the customs and
 have lounges to wait before disembarking. The terminals can house cafes, lounges and
bars to serve as waiting areas for passengers. Ticket counters, luggage check-in or
transfer, security checks and customs are the basics of all airport terminals. Large
airports can have more than one terminal that are connected to one another through
link ways such as walkways, sky-bridges or trams. Smaller airports usually have only
one terminal that houses all the required facilities.
6. 6. 3. Aprons Aircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. Aprons are also
sometimes called ramps. They vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small
planes, to the very large areas that the major airports have. Unlike the runways or
taxiways, vehicles can use aprons. Your work may require you to drive on an apron. If
so, be very careful in these areas. Watch out for aircraft that are moving and yield the
right of way to them. Don't assume the pilot will see you and stop - he or she may be
busy with other things like radio communications or checking the aircraft instruments.
Every year there are many accidents involving vehicles and aircraft that result in
property damage, personal injury, and in some cases, death. Don't let this happen to
you! Your airport Executive Director has established rules for driving a vehicle on the
airport - get a copy and read and obey them. The rules are there for your safety as well
as the safety of the aircraft pilot and passengers.
7. 7. 4. Taxiway A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps,
hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt
or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. 5. Aircraft Stand
A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to
aircraft stands only.
8. 8. 5. Aircraft Stand A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to
provide access to aircraft stands only.
9. 9. 7. Control Tower A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio
and observed physically and by radar. 8. Parking Parking is a specific area of airport
at which vehicles park
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1. 1. AIRPORT SERVICES & FACILITIES
2. 2. What is an AIRPORT? A public facility where aircrafts can take off and land.
Consists of runways. Usually owned and/or operated by the national government.
Private airports - CHANGI
3. 3. AIRPORT STRUCTURES AIRSIDE AREAS: Runways Taxiways Ramps / apron
4. 4. A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals
and other facilities A runway (RWY) is a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can
take off and land. Apron and ramps A hangar is an enclosed structure designed to
hold aircraft in protective storage.
5. 5. apronhangar
6. 6. AIRPORT STRUCTURES LAND SIDE: Public transport stations Access Roads
Parking lots
7. 7. TYPES OF AIRPORTS Towered Non-Towered The TOWER controls the air traffic
and monitors the departure / arrival of aircrafts
8. 8. Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct
aircraft on the ground and in the air.
9. 9. IMMIGRATION Responsible for the ADMISSION and REMOVAL of travelers entering
the country.
10. 10. AIRPORT CUSTOMS An authority or agency responsible for the collection of duties
& for controlling the flow of people, animals & goods in and out of the country.
11. 11. PRE-SECURITY ZONES Check-In Counters Retail Stores and Restaurants
12. 12. POST SECURITY ZONES Duty Free Shops Airport Lounges Baggage Claim
13. 13. PASSENGER FACILITIES Banks, Money Changers, & ATMs Baggage Handling
Services (Portage) Public Telephone Booths Medical Clinics Postal Services
Parking
14. 14. PASSENGER FACILITIES Special Assistance Services; Tourist Information
Ground Transportation Services
15. 15. END OF PRESENTATION Have a nice day!