Empirical Appraisal of The Effectiveness of Solar Photovoltaic Technology-Manav Gulzar Community Centre, Ahmedabad

Empirical appraisal of the effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology-Manav Gulzar
Community Centre, Ahmedabad
H1N17-5_2017 Engineering Management
Name: Chang Zhang
PNumber: 13008501
Abstract
The solar energy is abundantly available that should be used by the people. The solar technologies are
used to provide light, heat, electricity for industrial and domestic applications. The implementation of the
solar photovoltaic technology has provided benefits to the people of the ManavGulzar Community. The
deployment of the photovoltaic technology has also led to the environmental benefits. The increase in use
of major conventional energy such as petroleum, coal and natural gas has forced the government of many
countries to utilize the renewable sources of energy. The solar technologies can be used to fulfil the
demand of electricity in the communities. The supply of adequate electricity also contributes to the
development of the country. People of ManavGulzar community are developing with the use of electricity
supply generated from the solar PV technologies. The government of India has taken right steps for
increasing the supply of electricity in the community.
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Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................................................... ii
Chapter 1: Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the research ................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Research problem ...............................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Research aim and objectives...............................................................................................................................3
1.4Summary..............................................................................................................................................................4
1.5 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 2: Literature review .........................................................................................................................................6
2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Theoretical Background of Research..................................................................................................................7
2.2 Solar PV building in India ..................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Five year Energy Use in India ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Solar PV use in India school............................................................................................................................ 12
2.5 India legislation ............................................................................................................................................... 12
2.6 Solar PV use in India ....................................................................................................................................... 14
2.7 Statistics on installation ................................................................................................................................... 14
2.8 Solar Energy Policies and the measurements .................................................................................................. 15
2.9 Effectiveness of the Solar PV usage ................................................................................................................ 16
2.10 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3: Research methodology ............................................................................................................................. 18
3.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 Research Outline.............................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2 Research Philosophy........................................................................................................................................ 19
3.3 Research design ............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 Research Strategy ............................................................................................................................................ 20
3.5 Time Horizon................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.6 Sampling techniques ........................................................................................................................................ 21
3.7 Sampling size................................................................................................................................................... 22
3.8 Research Ethics................................................................................................................................................ 22
3.9 Research limitation .......................................................................................................................................... 22
3.10 Summary........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Chapter 4: Research activity: Survey/experiment/modelling .................................................................................... 23
4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................................... 24
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4.2 Data Analysis............................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2.1 Cost analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 27
4.2.2 Effectiveness ............................................................................................................................................. 28
4.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Chapter 5: Result and Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 30
5.0Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.1 Quantitative Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Qualitative Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 42
5.3 Economic Impact ............................................................................................................................................. 45
5.4 Social Impact ................................................................................................................................................... 47
5.5 Environmental impacts .................................................................................................................................... 47
5.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 6: Discussion ................................................................................................................................................ 48
Chapter 7: Conclusion and recommendation ............................................................................................................. 50
7.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
7.1 Linking with the objectives ............................................................................................................................. 51
7.2 Recommendation ............................................................................................................................................. 51
7.3 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
References ................................................................................................................................................................. 55
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 Introduction
The DMU University has played an important role for the completion of the research project that enabled
the construction of the experience which is being provided to this case. The background of the research
depends on the effectiveness of the system, and the setup is designed in the research for finding the cost
effective characteristics of the ManavGulzar Community Centre. The utilization of the system of using
the Solar PV in the proper structure and the system can be properly constructed by utilizing the load
requirement of the solar PV systems (Jager and Waldau, 2012). The importance of the system is to
develop the size and the operation of the load requirement of the effectiveness of the Solar Photovoltaic
Technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre, Ahmedabad. The utilization of the solar heaters is
operated in the form to illustrating the system implemented in the ManavGulzar Community Centre and
the renewable energy is properly set by driving the cost of the system. The demand-supply gap explained
to be increasing in India with the shortage of the electricity generation, and the consumption rate
explained to be increased with the increment of the electricity in the life of the people. For the purpose of
mitigating this problem, the MNRE or the Ministry of the New and Renewable Energy is promoting the
Off-grid Solar PV systems for mitigating the shortage of the electricity supply (Delahoy and Eldada,
2010). The installation of the PV systems in the homes and the complex or the small apartments is
illustrated to be saving a lot of energy that is generated from the coal by the power plants. The structure
of the research is illustrated to be by the installation of the solar PV system for which the growth can be
easily indicated. The appropriate structure for the creating a smart city with the smart utilization of the
energy resources plays an important role in fulfilling the needs in each life. Apart from this, the
construction of the basic building of the Solar PV cells is illustrated to constitute of the semiconductor
materials that are an explanation for absorbing the sunlight for the purpose of generating electricity.
A basic PV cell is made up of the small amount of the electricity and is multiply put together to form the
Solar PV module. The development of efficiency can be achieved by the growth of the capability, and the
conversion system can be efficient and is also capable of gaining the amount of sunlight into the
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electricity (Jager-Waldau, 2011). The construction of the system can be explained according to the size of
the PV module is being made, and also solar PV module is made which is providing a perfect output and
efficiencies of the electricity. The solar PV panel is focused tobe constituting of the Solar Lighting system
that is approved by the government of the NSM. It is requisite for the explaining the NSM graved on the
frame.
1.1 Background of the research
The ManavGulzar Community Centre was initially known as the Ram-Rahim Nagar Community. It
carried out many sustainability programs that made the community centre to establish an eco-friendly
environment. After all, the structure of electricity supply system with the use of the solar PV technology
is enabling the community centre to gain the eco-friendly environment and also the values are being
provided to the children and the other people by aid in establishing this eco-friendly environment. The
installation of the traditional solar cells that are made up of the silicon and are also indicated to be most
efficient is seen in the ManavGulzar Community Centre. The technology usage in the ManavSadhna and
the TarikMansuri are seen in an effective way which also shows the proper utilization of the Solar PV
technology for the purpose of gaining sustainability. The eco-friendly environment achieved by these
three community centres enabled them to gain a sustainable environment. The structure of the system is
defined by the size of the system, and the solar PV system is discussed for enhancing the installation of
the system and the orientation can be properly constructed with determining the effectiveness of the
system. The main focus of the research study is to examine the effectiveness of the solar photovoltaic
technology in the ManavGulzar Community Centre, Ahmadabad. The use of solar energy has increased in
different sectors as well in local communities. The renewable energy technology helps a nation to meet
their efficient energy utilization that leads to the development of the economy. The renewable energy can
help to meet the goals of sustainable development in the ManavGulzar Community Centre. Many
investigators have investigated on the development and use of renewable energy. The collection of
information is significant for the analysis of the research study.
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The most effective research techniques will be adopted by the researcher so that quality research and the
objectives can be achieved. A standardized research process will be followed that will ensure the
synchronization of all the processes. The tools and techniques are used for the examination of the
research topic. The researcher uses various selected methods for the purpose of modelling and
experimentation. This helps the researcher to achieve the correct data for the research and also the
research can be fruitfully completed by aiming at the objectives of the research. It also enabled the
explanations that are requisite for the research. The research can help to attain the conclusions and the
recommendations of the research by enhancing the process of the findings. The importance of the
research can be illustrated and also the presentation can be made in a proper way for providing a
conclusion to the research. The judgments are provided by the researcher which will clearly state the level
of the satisfaction received by the researcher after continuing the overall research. The explanations with
the recommendations of the research can be easily provided by the researcher after explaining the views
of the research.
1.2 Research problem
The research problem indicates the identification of the effectiveness of the Solar Photovoltaic
Technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre of Ahmedabad. The utilization of the roof top PV
system also enhances set of the batteries and the inverters along with the structures that are needed to be
evaluated. The problem is undertaken in this study for structuring the study. The research can be made to
be fruitful in nature, and the objectives can be fruitfully achieved.
1.3 Research aim and objectives
The aims and objectives of the research clearly illustrate the following, which is undertaken for the
completion of the research process and is as follows:
Aim
To investigate the feasibility of Solar PV in ManavGulzar Community Centre
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Objectives
1. Reviews literature on Solar Photovoltaic Technology
2. To evaluate the feasibility of solar Photovoltaic Technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre,
Ahmedabad
3. To evaluate different options costs and carbons saving in a report with consisting of the system
capacity of less than 2KW that is indicated to be the maximum capacity.
4. Present the results
1.4Summary
The content of the research study has been categorized in the following chapters. The researcher will
evaluate and analyse the research topic in a proper manner. The chapters will assist to describe each
section of the research study in a well-defined manner. The study of the research topic in the given
chapter will help the researcher to put equal emphasize on all the different forms of study (Labouret and
Villoz, 2010). The preparation of the chapters will increase the quality of the research.
The introduction chapter introduces the research topic and its main aims and objectives. The researcher
will be able to direct the way to the research topic that consists in this chapter. The skeletal structure of
the research study can be framed in the introduction chapter. As for the aims and objectives of the
research, the researcher will examine the solar photovoltaic technologies. The process of the research can
be constructed and analysed, as the researcher will be able to execute the objectives of the research.
The researcher in this chapter will try to illustrate the knowledge of the research study. The theories and
models related to the research topic can be examined and analysed. The literature review chapter focuses
on literature sources and different theories that will be reviewed, and useful information can be gathered
which is important for the analysis of the study. The researcher will adopt critical approaches towards the
research study to gather details of the research topic (Lotsch et al., 2005).
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The explanation of the research process is undertaken by the researcher during the analysis of the topic. In
this chapter, the research will adopt different methods and strategies to analyse the topic properly. The
explanation of the research activity consists of the survey, experiment and the modelling of the activity,
which is seen as the achievement of the aims and the objectives of the research. The consideration itself
represents the undertaking of the correct measurements that are requisite for the research. This chapter is
analysed for the construction of the system, which illustrated the analysis of the results that must be made
on the basis of the evaluations. The costs can be structured for the ManavGulzar Community Centre,
Ahmedabad and the results can be properly analysed on the basis of the readings. The constructions can
be illustrated by results achieved from the experiments.
The discussion part provides the proper explanations for the overall research which is indicated to be
providing the overall explanations undertaken for the research. The comparisons are explained in this
case by enhancing the views and the processes used for illustrating the structure of the project. The
explanations of this part of the research show the overview of all the findings and the results that are
inserted in the project and analyse the importance of the research in the practical field.
1.5 Conclusion
The introduction chapter generally shows the structure of the research to have an overview of the further
proceedings and illustrates the appropriate structure for the project. The solar PV implementation seems
to be showing the structure of the green energy implementation that shows the saving of the natural
resources. For this reason, the construction of the work can be constructed by conducting the processes of
the system(White, 2016).The structure of the research can be structured that shows the project aim and
the objectives with the hypothesis which are fixed by the researcher. This will provide the researcher to
have the guide for the research and also the researcher can precede its research by mitigating the structure
of the research. The setup can be properly structured by guiding the researcher to have a correct
framework for the work. After the completion of this first chapter, it enables the researcher to carry out
the literature review on the research for the purpose of having the past reviews regarding the research
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undertaken for the study. In this way, it is provided to simply link this chapter to the next chapter for the
enhancement of the research.
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.0 Introduction
Renewable energy sources or alternative energy sources have discovered its way in the global energy
market, because of the increasing fuel costs, ecological degradation caused by the depletion of the fossil
fuels. A framework that can consolidate the advantages of energy and boiling hot water framework can be
a fascinating recommendation in an energy-starved nation like India. The environmental clean and perfect
vitality framework like the Combined Heat and Power System (CHAPS) in light of photovoltaic direct
concentrators can be an intriguing choice in urban India. Fetched viability is an essential parameter in
measuring the accomplishment of any new innovation. High capital expenses are the real reason of the
NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) disorder when sustainable power source alternatives are considered.
Consequently, approaches to exhibit a friendly procedure like the CHAPS framework in an adequate cost
to the client are a critical right. A lot of research endeavours had been taken towards the improvement of
such method. However, such framework has far to go before being popularized for common man's
utilization. With an end goal to cutting edge wanders on commercialization of the CHAPS framework, an
exertion is made in this exploration to direct a techno financial examination and recognizable proof of
appropriate markets for dissemination (Delahoy and Eldada, 2010). A survey is presented relating to the
previous works with respect to the improved vitality markets and situations, calculated advancement and
techno financial aspects of hybrid PV/T frameworks. Particularly in view of concentrator photovoltaic,
the estimation of the market potential and the dispersion of sustainable power source items into the
business sectors in light of streamlining strategies can be easily focused.
Energy planning is consequently considered as an intense apparatus for demonstrating the results of
energy policies that help decision-makers to choose the most reasonable methodologies to promote the
spread of distributed generation technologies that consider natural effects and expenses to the community.
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The distributed generation technologies incorporate electrical era units and co-generation units that are as
negligible as a couple of kilowatts to several Megawatts. They are intended to pump in energy to medium
or high voltage levels or fill the need of an individual in the low voltage levels. The DG technologies can
be implemented close to load therefore limiting the cost of the energy transmission.
2.1 Theoretical Background of Research
Renewable Energy technologies are developing as illustrating it as the structure of the work that can be
depicted for the enhancement of the resources. Despite of having a number of reasons to be a key player,
the sustainable energy technologies are not yet completely coordinated into the power division of
developing economies. Alongside renewable energy sources, the energy efficient improvement
techniques and energy efficiency are implemented to diminish the utilization consequently decreasing the
imports and decreasing the greenhouse gasses (Labouret and Villoz, 2010). Conventional solar cells are
produced using silicon, typically flat plate and the most proficient. The second generation sun cells are
known as the thin-film sun cells since they are produced using no silicon materials or amorphous silicon,
such as, cadmium telluride. The thin film solar cells utilize layers of semiconductor materials just a
couple of micrometres thick. On account of their adaptability, thin film sun cells can twofold as housetop
shingles and tiles, building veneers or the coating for bay windows.
Third-generation solar cells are produced using an assortment of new materials other than silicon,
including sun powered inks utilizing regular printing press innovations, and sun based colours and
conductive plastics(Musirin and Sulaiman, 2015). However, some new solar cells utilize plastic focal
points or mirrors to concentrate daylight onto a little bit of high proficiency PV material. The PV material
is costlier. These frameworks are getting to be practical for use by the utilities and industry in smaller
amount. On the grounds that the focal points must be pointed at the sun, the utilization of concentrating
gatherers is restricted to the sunniest parts of the nation. An energy planning methodology in light of
direct objective programming, the approach for the western Indian stateis illustrated to be fruitfully
arranged. The examination highlights the significance of decentralized energy planning. It shows that a
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smaller scale level energy planning approach lessens the reliance on electric framework, limits natural
effect and offers new open doors for business.
Photovoltaic thermal technology is the combination of the thermal and photovoltaic system segments
which produce both thermal and electricity energy from one incorporated segment or framework.
Photovoltaic thermal technology is done for as far back as 25 years with the expectation to create thermal
and photovoltaic energy at the same time. It basically has photovoltaic modules in the front end and a
tube/plate appended in the backside to expel the warmth which is utilized for low temperature
applications like water warming and air warming (Deambi, 2016). The warmth expulsion undoubtedly
cools the PV cell which guarantees better PV execution. The individual execution of partitioned P V
boards and thermal authorities is higher than PV/T gatherer. It is particularly apparent which shows that
two PV/T gatherers together create more vitality per unit surface range than one PV board. It is used
particularly in applications when surface region accessibility is critical which is normal for PV/T
frameworks is.
The sunlight based cell has an edge photon energy compared to a specific band gap which confines the
power change. The photon of the longer wavelengths striking the sunlight based cells produces a
considerable measure of heat than that of the electron-opening sets. Over half of the occurrence sunlight
based energy is changed over into heat which raises the cell temperature to no less than 50 degrees
centigrade over the ambient (Thorpe, 2013). It can bring about undesirable impacts in the energy creation
of the sun cells and result in the drop in the cell effectiveness. The perpetual auxiliary can harm the
module if thermal stress remains for long period of time. An extra thermal energy subsequently of the
heat expulsion from the PV cells is accessible for further utilization. It prompts the advancement of PV/T
Hybrid innovation.
a) Flat plate PV/T collectors
b)Concentrating PV/T collectors
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c) Air cooled PV/T collectors
d) Water cooled PV/T collectors.
Solar concentrators are separated into three general classifications in which the high thinking frameworks
have focus proportions of 100 to 1000 which could be accomplished by two hubs. High temperatures
could be utilized for creating power. Focused light can be utilized to illuminate little PV cells which could
demonstrate financially savvy (Lotsch et al., 2005). Medium levels of focuses can be accomplished by
one pivot following. The heat created because of this focus levels are expelled as hot water. The last
shape is low concentrator innovation in which focus proportions of 1 to 10 is accomplished. These
concentrating frameworks can be stationary.
One intriguing component is that PV cells reasonable for non-concentrating applications can likewise be
utilized for these frameworks; this however needs cooling for better cell execution. The ordinarily utilized
geometry for these stationary concentrating frameworks is the Compound Parabolic Collector geometry
(CPC's) (Jager and Waldau, 2012). The cooling media utilized for the greater part of the frameworks are
either water or air which is utilized for household high temp water utilities, space warming applications or
fuelling ingestion chillies. Silicon, the most ordinarily utilized material for concentrating sun powered
cells, is by and large intended to have low inside arrangement resistance which is generally because of the
metal contacts and ohmic resistance in the semiconductor material which thusly influences the fill
variable of the cell (Jager-Waldau, 2011). The other type of imperfections is because of the shunt
resistance which emerges because of the deformities in the PN intersection and furthermore because of
the present spillage along the edges of the sunlight based cells.
2.2 Solar PV building in India
Before an individual purchases a system, it is vital to estimate the solar system properly. Estimating will
rely on the load requirements in the setup. A Solar system is useful for working low wattage apparatuses
like lights, fans, TV, and so on. High wattage machines like aeration and cooling systems and Water
Heaters cant be worked utilizing sun based PV system. It is imperative to ensure that the framework is
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energy effective. Despite the fact that a sun powered PV system can create power through immediate or
scattered daylight, yet it is vital to evaluate the measure of daylight accessible at the area where a sun PV
system is introduced (Lotsch et al., 2005). To gather the greatest daylight, the perfect introduction of the
sun based boards is towards south. However, a 45-degree east or west of south can likewise work. The
system ought to be set in such a place in this way to the point that there is no deterrent of trees or abutting
building. In the event that these necessities are not getting satisfied, a specialist ought to be procured to do
a point by point investigation on the measure of daylight accessible. The heap conveying limit of the
rooftop where the sun powered boards are to be introduced is ought to be finished. Solar Panel structures
regularly weight 15kg for each square meter and the rooftop ought to have the capacity to deal with the
heap.
A common Roof Top PV framework additionally contains an arrangement of batteries and inverter
alongside the modules of Solar PV cells. The general productivity of the framework will likewise rely on
the sort of battery and inverter utilized as a part of the framework. It is essential to pick the correct parts
for the best utilization of Solar PV systems (Jager and Waldau, 2012).
Deep cycle batteries are the most appropriate for a sun PV system. They keep going for 5 to 10 years and
are 80% productive. These batteries are likewise intended to give power to long stretches and can release
up to 80% of their ability more than once. Car batteries that are shallow cycle ought not to be utilized.
Fixed upkeep free or tubular positive plate batteries are useful for Solar PV frameworks (Thorpe, 2013).
It is imperative to estimate the batteries appropriately so that they can store adequate power in light of
your needs amid overcast climate. Batteries ought to be situated in a space that is anything but difficult to
reach, very much ventilated and shielded from extraordinary climate.
Indeed, even inverters are not hundred per cent effective and it is vital to pick the correct inverter that is
no less than 85% proficient. An adjusted sine wave or an unadulterated sine wave inverter is more
qualified for a sun oriented PV framework. Altered sine wave inverters are shoddy however less
effective. They make a buzz sound with apparatuses and in this manner ought to be utilized just with low-
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end machines. Unadulterated sine wave inverters are most proficient and are costly in nature. They are
useful for a wide range of apparatuses (Deambi, 2016).
2.3 Five year Energy Use in India
As per the consumption rate is being focused, the consumption is being increased from the year 2004 as
per the statistics of the BP is being considered. The global consumption increment is depicted to be
undertaken in the year 2014 and also the review clearly shows that the India is the largest consumer of the
domestic energy all the time. As per the scenario of the Gujarat is undertaken, the significant challenge is
being depicted which is being faced by the state and also the situation is depicted to be decreasing the
supply with the increment of the demand (White, 2016). The load factor disturbances during the
production of the electric energy are depicted to be a part of the barrier which is being illustrated in this
case. With the installation of the Solar PV technology in the houses, the electricity crisis is seemed to be
reduced to some extent but also it illustrates the provision of the electricity in the most efficient form and
also the demand peak is depicted to be showing the appropriate enhancement of the work (McEvoy,
Castaner and Markvart, 2013). The installation of the power generation process is being shown by
illustrating the Peak demand and the peak Met in the state of the Gujurat.
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2.4 Solar PV use in India school
The head way of the solar is being used for providing the solar power solutions for the educational
institutions such as the schools. By using the enhancement of the structure, the usage indicates the
enlargement of the structure that is related to the secondary sources of the power. Therefore the ample
space is being used by showing the enhancement of the solar power which is being used for showing the
large fraction of the needs and also the consideration of the solar power solutions can be easily made by
showing the enhancement of the work and also the application is being made and also the quality
explanation is being made by showing the end to end solutions. The end solutions can be easily achieved
by showing the appropriate benefits which are being made by showing the structure of the security
against the frequent power cuts and also the hedge against rising the power costs.
2.5 India legislation
The solar capacity of India on November 2014 was around 2.9GW. The government will motivate force
components; expansive scale organization of PV will be practical just if PV era costs should accomplish
the grid parity. The era cost has been brought down from the underlying high of about INR 17/unit to
about INR 6.5/unit. Being as it is, it encourages the lessening of the cost and yet required to get network
equality and it will be conceivable when people have the capacity to address the accompanying measures.
Higher conversion productivity
Less material utilization
Application of new and locally accessible materials
Innovations in low-cost processes
Mass production
Optimization of advances for the balance of systems
Indigenous assembling of solar PV equipment
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Generating talented work constrain
The Government arrangements to scale up sunlight based system to a total 100GW by 2022. MNRE has
effectively arranged a path forward by accomplishing the objectives visualized and has drilled down the
quick activities required by the Government and intercessions from different partners including
controllers, dispersion organizations and money related establishments (Musirin and Sulaiman, 2015).
Sun power is a practical answer for addressing energy needs, diminishing reliance on draining fossil
products, giving extra income to the Government through assessments and obligations and making
beneficial utilization of plentiful Badlands for power plants and also fabricating centre points. It will
likewise make employments over the esteem chain from R&D to assembling, establishment and
support. With the objectives of 100GW, the business numbers will shoot up in next 5 - 10 years.
Solar technology has come to be viewed simple waking product without any solid requirement for mass
mindfulness driven projects. Innovation foreknowledge is to have the capacity to convey alive the
prepared to utilize benefits and go with parts/obligations regarding the sound upkeep of sun based items
far and wide (White, 2016).
Money related driving force in a coveted measure has been the backbone of the PV program in India up
until now. Innovation prescience is to permit advertise driven elements to animate the improvement of the
self-made market request rather than an impulsive one.
Sun technology has been an essential part of India's vitality arranging process for a long while.
Legislature of India has planned different approaches at the state and in addition to the national levels, the
further interests in the sustainable power source parts from local and in addition remotes the financial
specialists. Private area ventures, fundamentally determined by government motivators, for example,
financial impetuses, assess occasions, deterioration stipends and 100% FDI remittance have been the real
drivers of the sustainable power source segment in India (Labouret and Villoz, 2010). These activities
have helped development in the sustainable power source segment. The introduced limit of sunlight based
expanded its share achieving a limit of 2.9.

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Sunlight based power is rising as a key wellspring of sustainable power in India with the legislature
announcing plans and projects to bolster the advancement of solar powered tasks.
2.6 Solar PV use in India
The technology is converting the sunlight which is directly converted into the electricity and also is
known as the fastest growing segments which are shown for illustrating the works and also the carbon
emissions which is showing the energy security and also the rising levels are shown in this case. The
tremendous scope is being shown by showing the growth of the Indian Solar market which is being used
by showing the growth of the power technology. The photovoltaic concepts are depicted to be showing
the various concepts of the information of the choice which is being made by showing the information of
the good quality products.
2.7 Statistics on installation
Solar PV cell is the essential building square of a PV system. It comprises of semiconductor material that
assimilates daylight to create power through a concept called photoelectric effect. Just daylight of a
specific wavelength can adequately produce power. In spite of the fact that a solar PV can create power
on a shady day, however, it is not as successful as it is on a sunny day.
An essential PV cell delivers a little measure of power and different of them are associated together to
shape a Solar PV module that can produce 10W to 300W yield. Besides this, greater power is required for
the various such PV modules that must be introduced in an exhibit (Labouret and Villoz, 2010).
Various sorts of materials are utilized to make a solar cell and the effectiveness of solar cell relies on the
same. The effectiveness of a solar cell is characterized as its capacity to change over a specific measure of
daylight into power. Solar cells accessible in the market are of different efficiencies: 4%, 8%, 12%, 14%
and 16%. The measure of a Solar PV module required will rely on the yield and efficiencies:
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(Source: Labouret and Villoz, 2010)
Solar home lighting frameworks endorsed under NSM (National Solar Mission) are required to have a
specific level of proficiency. The CFL based nearby solar system is required to have module proficiency
of 14% or more and a LED based close planetary system is required to have module productivity of 12%
or more. If its not too much trouble to take note of that such systems, it will have a serial number
beginning with NSM engraved on the casing (Labouret and Villoz, 2010).
2.8 Solar Energy Policies and the measurements
Today India is quickly getting to be one of the world's most appealing markets for Renewable Energy
investments. Indias ascent has been because of the administrative support for advancement of Renewable
Energy Technologies. Different strategy measures, for example, Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
Feed in Tariff, Accelerated Depreciation, Generation Based Incentives, Renewable Purchase Obligations
and Renewable Energy Certificates have helped in the quick development of renewable energy
deployment in the nation (Jager-Waldau, 2011). Along with the above request and supply side measures
to advance Renewable Energy development in India, different states have concocted their state Solar
Approaches to give an empowering structure for the development of Renewable Energy in India.
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2.9 Effectiveness of the Solar PV usage
Solar energy is sufficiently productive to have any kind of effect. The solar energy is produced from the
renewable energy source; any measure of energy produced is useful to individuals and the earth.
To expand the proficiency of solar energy, numerous analysts have been enhancing the productivity of
sun powered boards, the gadgets that gather the solar energy for utilizing. Upgrades have been made by
advancing assembling strategies and utilizing higher quality materials.
One method for measuring the effectiveness of sun oriented boards is to ascertain the rate of the sun
oriented vitality that a board changes over into power. Most solar panels change over around 15% of the
suns energy into power (Jager-Waldau, 2011). More trial photovoltaic boards, such as concentrating sun
powered boards, can change over 40% of occurrence sunlight based energy into power. These boards use
shifting band holes and mirror clusters and are utilized more for vast scale solar power era. Another
method for measuring the productivity of a sun oriented board is by measuring the energy thickness of a
solar panel. The energy thickness is measured in electrical yield per unit of surface territory, or W/ft2. A
more effective sun based board will create more watts per square foot.
The utilizable type of sunlight based energy is either as power or warm vitality frame. The power is by
direct change through photovoltaic or by heat electric transformation by solar plants. Solar energy is a
plentiful yet weakens the type of energy broadly utilized for power era in the PV and warm course, water
warming, drying, cooking, warming and cooling of living spaces and refrigeration. Another real zone of
utilization is the half-breed framework where high temp water and power are at the same time created.
One such soonest endeavour was made in the eighties to infer the equations for deciding the unit cost of
vitality of a concentrator photovoltaic system (Jager and Waldau, 2012). In such a framework
contemplates appeared to the point when the cost of valuable vitality continued diminishing when both
the electrical and heat yield of the system are gathered for helpful purposes.
Investment funds on fuel/power because of the use of solar energy systems are yet another way to
calculate the sunlight based energy financial aspects. It enables in reserving funds on fuel/power comes
16
about the yearly reserve funds which emerges subsequent to deducting reimbursement of credit, support
charges, nearby expenses. Investment funds accumulated over the number of years aggregately over the
whole life time of the gadget. It also can be ascertained from the reserve funds of fuel specified
previously. One of the real figures of legitimacy in the monetary investigation is the payback time frame
which ascertains the time period inside the underlying speculation. Monetary examination of solar energy
system is critical particularly while one needs to consider the financing plans as the underlying expense of
the frameworks are high. This has a noteworthy impact on the clients despite the fact that such sustainable
power source framework guarantees low working expenses (McEvoy, Castaner and Markvart, 2013).
Financial examination is expected to legitimize the best and the most monetary course of vitality supply
among numerous other choices and to distribute rare assets for the meriting alternative.
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) encourages such exchanges by making carbon as a tradable
product. Solar energy system both heat and photovoltaic system along these lines has a splendid and
promising prospect in such global carbon exchanging plans. It can possibly moderate destructive
emanation and the income created under CDM would be a piece of the monetary advantages of the
framework and can be incorporated into the estimation of yearly funds.
2.10 Conclusion
Photovoltaic systems and the creativity of utilizing the PV/T frameworks are portrayed and the path in
which concentrating photovoltaic could be a reasonable competitor in the PV market is broke down by
considering the specialized and operational parts of the framework. Investment of CPV in residential area
is not yet investigated and it must be legitimized monetarily for conceivable commercialization (Jager and
Waldau, 2012). The execution of a solar cell is measured as far as its proficiency at transforming sunlight
into power. The daylight of specific energies will work proficiently to make power, and quite a bit of it is
reflected or consumed by the material that makes up the cell.
The overall effectiveness can be depicted by showing the implementation of the process of the solar Pv
technology which can be modified for the purpose of showing the feasibility of the Solar PV. The
17
effectiveness also can be determined by the selection of the research methods which will be showing the
appropriate analysis of the report. The selection of the methods is very much essential for the purpose of
making progress in the work.
Chapter 3: Research methodology
3.0 Introduction
Research mythology is considered to be the backbone of the dissertation study which helps to identify and
determine the most suitable and appropriate research tools and techniques to carry out the research
project. The primary function of the research methodology is to establish the standardized procedure of
the research where each area is primarily connected ad established by the overall process of the research
of effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre. The overall
application of the standardized procedure in the research process is to lead several key confusion and
complexities. The given research study, the researcher focused on providing a standardized process which
is a suitable ideal for synchronizing the process (Dixon, 2010).
3.1 Research Outline
Based on the overall application of the research onion, the procedure of the research methodology was
adopted by the research for this project. In the given research study, positivism is chosen as the research
philosophy and descriptive design is considered to be the platform in determining and gaining the in-
depth analysis of the research project. The research process is entirely dependent on the knowledge
which is primarily adopted by the study of several key models and concept of the research topic
effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre. The research
procedure is entirely dependent on the key knowledge which is gained by the research study on several
theories and models and key concepts which as a result leads to the selection of the deductive approach.
With the help of primary and secondary source of data collection, the researcher conducted several key
interview and surveys and thus lead to address the key issues and limitation which hinders the overall
growth rate of the research methodology part.

18
3.2 Research Philosophy
The research philosophy helps to provide the platform for the research project to carry out the project in
determining and identifying the overall key development of the knowledge which considerably undertake
during the overall study of the key projects during the tenure of the research project. Apart from that, it
also helps to provide a platform to differentiate between the key nature of the overall knowledge which
helps to provide better framework and research approach. It eventually proves to be fruitful for the
research project. There are basically three types of research philosophy which are positivism, realism and
interpretivisim. The positivism is basically reflected the overall verification which is accomplished by the
several key research studies and research process which is applied in positivism (Kumar, 2014). Research
philosophy helps to undertake the overall application of realism which helps to translate or interpret the
overall realist presence around the globe. The realism research philosophy helps to undertake the overall
key thoughts that the human mind is influential with effective and efficient reasoning and overall
clarification. Finally, the interpretivism helps to force and define the overall world as a key place of non-
objectivity where several external elements are not present. Depending on the overall suitability of the
research topic, the researcher will choose the overall research philosophies so that a suitable research
topic is accomplished. This enables the researcher to conduct the research regarding the effectiveness of
solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre in a process that enables the
enhancement of the project.
3.3 Research design
Selection of the most suitable and appropriate research designs is considered to be the building blocks or
the blueprint research method where the overall content of the research procedure is determined and
recorded. The most basic and common types of the research design and overall process is considered to
be briefly explaining the three types of the research design which are explanatory, descriptive and
exploratory. Explanatory research design is considered to be the research design as per the key notion and
aspects which the research starts with the key research process and which typically follows a pre-
scheduled research program. On the other hand, the descriptive design focuses to extracts the key
19
statistics or the reason which is considered to be the reason for the overall occurrence of the incidents. It
can be done by typically identifying and determine the overall theory of the research studies and design
which were conducted to gain outcome of the research topics. Descriptive design is primarily chosen for
the research design for the researcher as it primarily helps in determining and analysing the in-depth
detail of the research topics. Apart from identifying and establishing the key description of the related
research topics, descriptive design will help to provide in explaining the overall requirement of the
research project. Thus descriptive design is considered to be the prime selection for the researcher. It
enables the researcher to design the framework of the effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in
ManavGulzar Community Centre.
3.4 Research Strategy
Data is termed as the most suitable and effective in determining the outcome of the undertaken research
study. Data is primarily collected through two major sources which are primary source of data and
secondary source of data. The primary source of data is considered to be the raw data as it is conducted
and executed by the research and it is considered to be the time-consuming and the most accurate and
reliable source of information. On the other hand, the secondary source of data is collected via online and
offline mode which is already done and executed by other research fellow. Thus the information
recovered on the basis of the secondary source of data the process is less time-consuming and cost
effective. The enhancement of the research can be made by showing the strategy for the conducting the
research of effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre.
3.5 Time Horizon
Each research strategy and methodology is considered to have its own time framework which helps the
researcher to track the progress of the research project and thus help the research process to undertake the
task according to the schedule time. Gantt chart is considered to be the most usefully tool for the
researcher which helps the researcher to undertake the entire process according to the mentioned time
20
frame and period. It enables the researcher to figure out all the necessary workings related to the research
made on effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre.
Week Week Week Week Week Week
Main Activities/ Stages 12 3 45 67 8 9
Topic selection and its scope
Identification of secondary data
sources
Preparation of research proposal
Preparation of literature review
Description of research methodology
Preparing interview/survey, ethics
form
Collecting primary data
Analysing data
Comparing findings
Conclusion and recommendations
Finalizing and submission
3.6 Sampling techniques
During the overall procedure of the research collection, the overall population cannot be undertaken for
the research project as there are several limitations of the research methods. The sample study
characteristics of the key population can be undertaken which will eventually lead to the better and in
depth analysis of the research project. The study of the research project leads to determine the population
facts and figure with the help of small group of the people or respondent. The researcher selects the
population for the key convenience of the sampling techniques which permit to choose the participant as
21
per their likability. Sampling techniques consist of the sample selection which is either probabilistic or
non-probabilistic in nature.
3.7 Sampling size
The researcher with help of key sample size will focus on identifying the outcome of the research project
in a more detailed form. Several key interview questions or surveys will conduct and their answer will be
recorded and analysed to come to proper outcome. Quantitative analysis is defined as the analysis in
which the researcher chose the sample size and analyse the key findings. The appropriate outcome is
analysed and proper recommendations are defined (Van Zyl, 2011).
3.8 Research Ethics
The research ethics are considered a set of rule book which helps to manage and maintain the code of
conduct related to the research project. The research project should be conducted under the proper
guidance and ethical standards should be managed while conducting the research project. With the help
of ethical consideration, the researcher is primarily able to manage and maintain the right of conduct. The
managing of ethics during the research project helps the researcher to avoid several key issues. The detail
of the key research project should be shared with the engineers so that the aim and objective of the key
research can be elaborated and explained. However, the data obtained during the research project tenure
shall not be used for commercial purpose. The research is primarily related to the academic guideline
which helps to manage the code of conduct as per the guideline.
3.9 Research limitation
Several procedure and key structure were determined and followed in most appropriate research study
which is primarily due to the critical process evolved. The research limitation is either related to the
nature or is instant and unknown. The researcher primary limitation is time and cost. The researcher
focuses on analysing the issues and loopholes which hinder the progress of the research project. The
research focus and identifies some of the limitation which helps the research study to overcome key
22
issues and loophole and thus help the project to finish as per the guideline and time frame (Drexl and
Nikulin, 2005).
3.10 Summary
Research methodology part helps to provide a clear and precise idea about the framework of the research
project. The researcher focuses on choosing the most suitable research tools and techniques for
determining and identifying the key issues and loopholes in a research project. The selected research
project helps to provide the key tools and techniques which will help to analyse the key research topics in
a more detailed and in-depth analysis in the most suitable way (Randewijk and Swart, 2007). Based on
the selected research tools and techniques, the research will conduct the key facts and figures about a
research project which will help the researcher to understand and determine the response from the
participant. The chapter is being determined for the purpose of carrying out the research in an appropriate
way which will enable in establishing the appropriate structure for the enhancement of the research
activity.
Chapter 4: Research activity: Survey/experiment/modelling
4.0 Introduction
The part of the research activity clearly defines the overall analysis or the utilization of the methods that
had been used for the completion of the experiment. It also shows the appropriate enhancement of the
analysis which is used for the development of the experiment. The structured observation is made by the
researcher to develop the appropriate generation of the physical data, and also the environment shows the
appropriate conditions of the community which are present in the ManavGulzar Community Centre and
the ManavSadhna Community Centre (May, 2011). The comparison between the formations of the
structure of the solar photovoltaic technology usage is clearly explained in this research activity. The
differentiation is created by the electricity bills and the ways of the analysis undertaken for the study. The
evidence is provided in this part of the research for the purpose of analysing the data and the information
collected for this research. The activities are also appropriately explained in the form of the research
23
which has been undertaken by using the RETScreen software. The growth of the study can be
appropriately constructed for the enhancement of the research and also the growth can be illustrated. The
activities can be easily categorized by showing the recordings for the enhancement of the voluminous
data. The explanation regarding the power consumption with climatic conditions is explained to show the
monthly report and the data of the solar PV utilization (Randewijk and Swart, 2006). The data can be
easily extracted with facilitating the constant climatic conditions. The report is shown for the
development of the structures that are essential for the differentiation of the panels used on the roof tops.
The consumption of the money with the constant climatic condition is judged by the comparison made
between the power utilized and the power saved for showing the efficiency of the system.
4.1 Data Collection
ManavGulzar Community Centre is representing an example by conducting the Solar PV activities and
also depicting the appropriate construction of the facilities for mitigating the deployment of resources.
The research program is based on the report of the collection of the data made from the RETScreen
software usage. It seems to provide all the necessary details that are related to the explanation of the
usage made by the experiments made based on the certain readings. The readings are generally based on
the daily basis observation which is made for the year 2016. The average daily recordings show the
proper utilization of the solar energy by converting into the electricity for the purpose of the commercial
buildings. The storage capacity is also determined in this report that clearly states the appropriate
enhancement of the technology, and also the utilization provides benefit with the reduction of the GHG
(Vogt, 2010). The research methods used for this report are depicted to be a quantitative analysis that
shows the proper progression and the successful completion of the research.
The analysis of the data is directly dependent on the renewable standards that are used for the mitigation
of the problems such as the environmental problems and the other distribution problems. The installation
process is clearly explained in this research by which the data can be easily gathered for the enhancement
of the research and the proper findings can be successfully summarized by showing the structure of the
research.
24
4.2 Data Analysis
The Smart Net-Zero Energy Buildings with the strategy can be easily constructed for facilitating the key
designs and also the widespread adoption can be seen in this case. The design is depicted in the form of
the concepts which seem to be providing a great contribution to the research and also the analysis is based
on the collaborations that are made for the enhancement of the research, and also the achievement of the
objectives are properly made. The structure furthermore describes the proper functioning by depicting the
increment of the efficiency with the usage of the solar Photovoltaic technology in the ManavGulzar
Community Centre. The properties of the system which are undertaken for the analysis consist of the
appropriate square sized panels which are 30 in number, and the arrangement is made in the hexagonal
form. The inclined state is fixed which is placed directly in the direction of sun rays so that the maximum
solar energy can be captured by the panels. With this setup, the appropriate collection of the energy is
being made by the solar panels and which generates a capacity of 1000 KW power for the ManavGulzar
Community Centre (Sarantakos, 2007). The overall power produced is illustrated to explain the
appropriate construction of the system and the measurement is illustrated to provide the appropriate
process for the enhancement of the research. The explanation of the structure clearly shows the design
activity which is constructed for the purpose of gaining the designing capacity. The overall system is
installed in the ManavGulzar Community Centre, and also the structure clearly shows the proper process
which is aimed for being undertaken. The construction of the research clearly shows the processes that
are very much useful for the generation of the electricity, and the aim of the research is properly achieved
with following the enhancement of the construction process.
25
(Source: Jha, 2010)
Apart from this, the structure of the system is designed on the roof top so as to capture the maximum
input from the sun rays. The rooftop solar pilot is reinforced to provide the commitment for the
production of the 1000KW power that represents the capacity of the ManavGulzar Community Centre.
The extra power generated is stored in the form of the capacitor, and the proper approximation can be
undertaken for depicting the enhancement of the system (Jha, 2010). As per the activities are mentioned
in this case, the proper structure is becoming an essential factor for determining the total cost of the
energy represented by the individual member of the community centre. Before the installation of the Solar
PV panels, the community centre was facing a huge amount of electricity bill with receiving an
inappropriate electricity power supply (Jenkins, Ekanayake and Strbac, 2010). This is becoming a kind of
barrier for the people of the ManavGulzar Community Centre that represents the needs for the
enhancement of the supply system of electrical energy. Then the solar PV panels are introduced for the
purpose of mitigating this problem and then it is notified that the appropriate mitigation of the problems
with saving the costs in the form of minimizing the bills is appropriately achieved. This clearly states the
enhancement and the progression which is made for the development of the system and the dimension is
26
appropriately constructed with showing the implementation of the advanced technology for making
progress in the electrical supply. The system seems to be properly established by showing the appropriate
progress for the development of the system of the supply.
4.2.1 Cost analysis
As the cost analysis and the effectiveness are determined, the progress of the system can be appropriately
constructed by enhancing the system to depict the process of renewable procurement. As the analysis is
made by using the RETScreen software, the effectiveness and the cost saving features can be easily
illustrated by this process (Vogt, 2010). The enhancement of the work is defined by the process of using
the RETScreen software that the appropriate gathering the practical readings are used for analysing the
research studies. The RETScreen analysis is undertaken for the purpose of conducting the enhancement
of the study, and thereby the appropriate structure can be illustrated as it is very much essential for
analysing the case study of the man.The climatic data is selected from the region of ManavGulzar
Community Centre which is situated at the Ahmadabad, Gujarat. The location is selected for the purpose
of achieving the climate data, and thereby the enhancement of the research is conducted for achieving the
appropriate collection of the data. The longitude and the latitude are measured by determining the
elevation angle of the panel which is depicted to be at 55 degrees. The climatic zone is determined to be
depicting the appropriate approach for the purpose of collecting the data. After then, the process is
determined to be the benchmarking analysis which is undertaken to determine the appropriate plan for the
enhancement of the data.
27
4.2.2 Effectiveness
For the aim of determining the effectiveness of the solar photovoltaic technology, the RETScreen consists
of the following technology which must be arranged for the betterment of the investigation process. At
first, the energy efficiency must be determined by facilitating the analysis which must be made for the
development of the research. The second category is defined as the facility types that enable the
enhancement of the outset of the information, and thereby the certain information can be developed for
having an appropriate view of the research (Gnanavadivel, 2008). The determination of the type of the
fuel must be made for determining the amount of the energy consumed. It is depicted to be the electrical
energy which is used as the amount consumed in the form of the fuel. It also enables the appropriate
conduct of the research and thereby the enhancement of the characteristics is made by assisting the end
product determination. The usage of the end product is depicted to maximize the efficiency of the system,
and the optimization of the energy can be appropriately constructed with optimizing the supply. For
example, the consumption of the hot water must be reduced by installing the low flow showerheads, and
this system implementation will enable to have the increment of the efficiency and the combustion
28
analyser. It also shows the enhancement of the work of the water heater which is fitted for the having the
hot water flow. The prioritization is for the purpose of developing the enhancement of the system and also
the development of the system can be systemized to gain the financial effectiveness (Fardo and Patrick,
2009). Then the RETScreen analysis of the energy model is fit for determining the efficiency of the
components and the proposed clean energy for the system is undertaken with involving the examination
of the conventional technology (Sarantakos, 2007). This enables the ManavGulzar Community Centre to
have the appropriate construction of the air source heat pumps that will be requisite for the purpose of
having the differentiation by using the five steps of the RETScreen analysis. Thus it enables the
ManavGulzar community to gain the effectiveness of the system. The researcher is also able to gain the
structure for the enhancement of the research and also the structure can be easily depicted by constructing
with determining the effectiveness of the system.
4.3 Conclusion
The overall results and the analysis were undertaken for the study show the appropriate explanation for
the research with using the software RETScreen. It is used for analysing the effectiveness of the solar
photovoltaic technology used in the ManavGulzar Community Centre. Therefore, the analysis made in
this context includes the ManavGulzar Community Centre. The enhancement of the research is
constructed by depicting the reduction of the usage of the natural resources, and thereby identification of
the system can be appropriately developed by explaining the process for the development of the energy
efficiency in the Community Centre. The analysis also shows the appropriate explanation of the system
which is used for depicting the process of the research (Duffie and Beckman, 2006). The construction of
the factor is defined by showing the appropriate structure of the project, and also the structure is enhanced
by illustrating the structure of the research. Therefore, RETScreen is enhanced by explaining the structure
and the utilization of the power by summarizing the consumption and also the structure can be
constructed by showing the effectiveness of the research. The structure of the research can be easily
constructed in the form of explaining the research, and the expansion of the research is illustrated by
expanding the form of the research.

29
Chapter 5: Result and Analysis
5.0Introduction
The analysis of the data is based on the effectiveness of the solar PV technology in the ManavGulzar
community. The categories that would be analysed are economic, technical, environmental and social
impacts. The analysis has been classified under the social dimensions. The findings from both
communities would be determined by the analysis. The research study does not include the technical
dimensions of the solar photovoltaic technology.
5.1 Quantitative Analysis
The research will collect quantitative data to analyse the research topic. The quantitative data will be
collected from secondary sources such as internet, books, and journals. The researcher will analyze the
collected data on the basis of their nature and pattern. The quantitative data collection is the numerical
data which would be determined and analysed by assisting different tools and techniques. The data will
provide significant and detailed information of the research topic. The process will record large
observations, and it is less time to consume and easy. The collection of data adds value and quality in the
research process by enlarging the skill and knowledge platform (Bakshi and Bakshi, 2007). The
secondary data collection is considered as the guiding sources which comprise of both offline and online
sources of information. The research will use different tools and techniques for the analysis of the
research topic. A standardized research process is to be followed so that the process can be synchronized
in an appropriate manner. The researcher will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the solar
photovoltaic technology in the ManavGulzar communication with the assistance of the collected data.
The collection of data is much easier than the collection of primary data. Thus, it is more economy, easy
and timesaving. The quantitative data is measurable and includes discrete data. The continuous data is the
things that can be estimated in terms of numbers (Collins and Abulkhair, 2014).
Question 1
Do you think Indias climatic factors create an impact on the solar photovoltaic system?
30
Number Percentage
Total Number of engineers 50 100%
Strongly agree 45 90%
Agree 2 4%
Do not know 1 2%
Disagree 1 2%
Strongly disagree 1 2%
11 1
2
45
Strongly agree Agree Do not know Disagree Strongly disagree
Analysis:
After asking the question to the participants, 90% of the participants strongly agree that climatic factors
impose a significant impact on the solar photovoltaic technology. 4% of the participants agree with the
question, and 2% do not know. 2% of the participants disagree and strongly disagree with the question.
The analysis shows that the climatic factors impose a significant impact on the system.
31
Question 2
Do you think photovoltaic technology is able to provide adequate power to ManavGulzar community
centre?
Number Percentage
Agree 5 10%
Do not know 3 6%
Disagree 3 6%
3 1
3
38
Analysis:
32
On asking the question, 76% of the participants strongly agree that the photovoltaic technology is able to
provide adequate power to ManavGulzar community centre. 10% of the participants strongly agree, and
6% of the participants do not have any idea. 6% of the participants disagree, and 2% of the participants
strongly disagree with the question. However, the analysis shows that the photovoltaic technology is
providing adequate power to the ManavGulzar community centre.
Question 3
Do you think the system will require more investment?
Number Percentage
Agree 6 12%
Do not know 4 8%
Disagree 3 6%
33
2
3
4
35
Analysis:
After asking the question, 70% of the participants strongly agree that the system will need more
investment. 12% of the participants agree, and 8% of the participants have no idea about the question. 6%
of the participants disagree, and 4% of the percipients strongly disagree with the question. The analysis
shows that the system will require more investment.
Question 4
Do you think adequate roof space is required for the system?
Number Percentage
Agree 4 8%
Do not know 1 2%
Disagree 2 4%
34
1
2 1
4
42
Analysis:
After asking the question, 84% of the participants strongly agree that adequate roof space is required for
the system. 8% of the participants agree and 2% do not have any idea about the question. 4% of the
participants disagree, and 2% of the participants strongly disagree with the question. The analysis shows
that adequate roof space is required for the system.
Question 5
Do you think PV inverter will be required by the people in the ManavGulzar community centre?
Number Percentage
Agree 5 10%
35
Do not know 2 4%
Disagree 4 8%
2
4
2
37
Analysis:
After asking the question, 74% of the participants strongly agree that PV inverter will be required by the
people in the ManavGulzar community centre. 10% of the participants agree, and 4% of the participants
do not have any idea about the question. 8% of the participants disagree, and 4% of the participants
strongly disagree with the question. The analysis shows that PV inverter will be required by the people in
the ManavGulzar community centre.
Question 6
Do you think the project will achieve net present value?
36
Number Percentage
Agree 8 16%
Do not know 4 8%
Disagree 4 8%
3
4
8
31
Analysis:
On asking the question, 62% of the participants strongly agree that the project will achieve net present
value. 16% of the participants agree, and 8% of the participants have not idea about the question. 8% of
the participants disagree and strongly disagree with the question.
Question 7
37
Do you think the internal rate of return of the project will be more than 20%?
Number Percentage
Agree 7 14%
Do not know 2 4%
Disagree 5 10%
7
32
Analysis:
After asking the question, 64% of the participants strongly agree that internal rate of return of the project
will be more than 20%. 14% of the participants agree, and 4% of the participants have no idea about the
question. 10% of the participants disagree, and 8% of the participants strongly disagree with the question.
38
Question 8
Do you think the system implemented in the ManavGulzar Community Centre will be used for a long
period?
Number Percentage
Agree 5 10%
Do not know 5 10%
Disagree 6 12%
30
5
Analysis:
39
After asking the question, 60% of the participants strongly agree that the system will be used for long
period. 10% of the participants agree and other 10% of the participants have no idea about the question.
12% of the participants disagree and 8% of the participants strongly disagree with the question.
Question 9
Do you think the system has solved the electricity issues in the ManavGulzar community centre?
Number Percentage
Agree 7 14%
Do not know 2 4%
Disagree 4 8%
3
4
34
40
Analysis:
After asking the question, 68% of the participants strongly agree that the system has solved the electricity
issues in the ManavGulzar community centre. 14% of the participants agree, and 4% of the participants
have no idea about the question. 8% of the participants disagree, and 6% of the participants strongly
disagree with the question.
Question 10
Do you think the maintenance cost of the system is high?
Number Percentage
Agree 3 6%
Do not know 3 6%
Disagree 3 6%
41
3 1
3
3
40
Analysis:
On asking the question, 80% of the participants strongly agree that the maintenance cost of the system is
high. 6% of the participants agree and have no idea about the question. 6% of the participants disagree
and 2% of the participants strongly disagree with the question.
5.2 Qualitative Analysis
Question 1: What will be the right climate to provide maximum electricity production?
Answer: The selection of the right climate is essential for the setting the system and the solar photovoltaic
system can be installed in the moderate climate. The instalment place is depicted to be the ManavGulzar
Community centre which is situated at the Ahmadabad, Gujarat. The climatic condition of Gujarat is
illustrated to be dry and hot weather climate which is best suitable for the generation of electricity by the
aid of solar photovoltaic technology. Therefore the environment can be secured with the usage of this
technology and the effectiveness can be easily determined in the form of directly generating power from
the source which is sun.
Question 2: When the power consumption by the habitants touches the optimum level?
Answer: The electricity most important thing in the life of the human beings. The enhancement of the
system of the electricity generation must be made for the purpose of fulfilling the needs of the human
42
beings. Thus for the purpose of increasing the generation of the electricity by various methods enables the
proper usage of the advanced technology. This in fact, shows the mitigation of the crisis of electricity
provision for the human beings can be made by implementing the solar photovoltaic technology. In rather
way, the mitigation of the pollution can be seen and the developments can be easily enhanced by the
usage of this technology. Therefore it can be described that it touches the optimum level of the habitants
as considered for the research.
Question 3: How much power will be consumed by the community Centre?
Answer: The power consumed by the community centre can be determined from the number of the
components used in the community by each family. The number of electrical equipment used by each
family must be considered for determining the consumption rate of the community centre. If on an
average monthly 80 units of power is consumed by each family of the community centre, then the 100
families are consuming the 8000 units of power on monthly basis. Therefore the production of the system
is installed is determined to be 100 KW which shows that the power is efficiently generated to provide the
sufficient supply to the community centre. Therefore the consumption rate is being determined for the
ManavGulzar Community Centre.
Question 4: How much power has been generated by the solar photovoltaic panels installed in the
ManavGulzar Community Centre?
Answer: The amount of the power generated is determined to be 100KW on the monthly basis which
consists of the large area for the generation of the power. The number of the panels fixed seems to be
consisting of 50 square shaped panels and the inverter is being fitted to it for the purpose of saving the
generated energy. The capacitor bank is also induced in the system for the purpose of storing the excess
energy generated. The appropriate structure can be easily defined by showing the generation of the power
and also the integration can be easily seen in this case as it is installed in the ManavGulzar Community
Centre.
43
Question 5: How much finance required for the installation of solar photovoltaic panels in the
ManavGulzar Community Centre?
Answer: As per the installation of about 100KW system is being implemented in the ManavGulzar
Community Centre, the installation costs are more in amount. For 5KW is costs near about $25000 which
is equal to 1625000 rupees, then for 100 KW system, it will cost near about $500000 which is equal to
32500000 rupees. Therefore the cost of the finance for the installation of the system can be easily
measured by the showing the recent minimum values of the solar photovoltaic system.
Question 6: How much cost efficient the solar photovoltaic cell is?
Answer: The overall cost efficient system can be illustrated by describing the system of utilization made
by the families of the ManavGulzar Community Centre. The overall effectiveness is being determined by
the utilization made in an efficient way with reducing the wastages of energy sources. The
implementation of the advanced system can be easily indicated by undertaking the research on the
ManavGulzar Community Centre. The implementation of the system can be easily shown by illustrating
the usefulness by implementing the variation of techniques.
Question 7: How the effectiveness of the installed solar photovoltaic system can be determined?
Answer: The effectiveness of the system can be determined by illustrating the descriptions of the solar
photovoltaic system. The structure of the system installed in the ManavGulzar Community centre
describes the system which seems to be providing a user-friendly system and also enables the reduction of
costs by making the reduction of the system (Zhu, 2011). The structure simply defines the reduction of
the electricity and also provides an effective system by describing the system enhancement. In this way,
the effectiveness of the installed solar photovoltaic system can be determined.
Question 8: Is the ManavGulzar Community Centre consisting of reasonable roof space?
Answer: The ManavGulzar Community centre is built on the 500 acres area which shows that it consists
of the large roof top. The building is constructed for the bringing developments in the slum areas on
44
which it was built. The larger roof top illustrates the large surface area and it shows the development of
large surface for placing the setup of solar photovoltaic technology on the roof top (Zakzouk, 2007). It in
rather way provides the better surface area for the appropriate installation of the solar photovoltaic system
that enables the system to capture the maximum sun rays for the generation of the electric power.
Question 9: How the effective NPV and the IRR can be determined?
The effectiveness of the NPV and the IRR can be represented by the enhancement of the complex
assumptions and also enables the simplification of the assumptions that are based on each stage. The
structural growth can be determined by illustrating the effectiveness of the system and the management of
the system is also responsible for the growth of the NPV and the IRR. The determination of the discount
rate on the installation and the reduction in the charges made for the electricity consumption must be
reduced to have the growth of the NPV and the IRR (Ward, 2007). These approaches also enables the
researcher in gathering the cost of the project with showing the path for minimizing the cost related to the
project.
Question 10: what are the major roles played by the PV inverter and the PV panel?
Answer: The PV inverter enables the system to capture the energy from the solar photovoltaic system for
the utilization of the power in the night time. This system also seems to be storing power during the day
time generated from the solar photovoltaic system. It also indicates the enhancement of the work and also
it enables in providing the efficient output out of the system as determined in this study. The solar PV
panels are used for capturing the sun rays for the purpose of generating electricity(Saha, Basu and Roy,
2005). These are crucial roles that are played by the solar PV inverter and the solar PV panel which are
very much important for the installation of the solar photovoltaic system.
5.3 Economic Impact
The economic activities support the development of the communities. The business organizations need
the energy to carry out their business activities. Lack of electricity in a community leads to lack of
45
infrastructures. It can assist in the economic development which is also important for the development of
an individual. The necessity of electricity is increasing day by day by all the communities in the world
(Algora and Rey-Stolle, 2016). The economic impact of the technology on the communication is that the
electricity would propagate prospects for business ventures or tourism activities in the community. It is
recognizable that the business activities of the organization can be undertaken only in light and it can be
possible if there is an adequate supply of electricity (Richards, 2010). The development of an economy
can be possible only with an appropriate infrastructure. The small scale business organizations in the
community operates from 8.00am to 7 pm which means maximum time is in the day enables them to
carry out their business. The people in the community could increase their levels of income through the
easy access to the electricity. The use of such technology will change the life of each and every individual
living in the society (Rosenberg, 2012). The financial burden and impacts can be considered in energy
sources terms and how the people use the electricity for their own purpose. Access to the electricity can
result in plenty of social benefits such as enhancement of their current conditions.
Education is considered as the basis for the progress of an individual and development of the community.
However, it cannot be gained in the absence of basic needs such as the electricity. The results show that
the electricity is also necessary for the health care organizations. The healthcare organizations need
energy for carrying out their activities and providing quality care to their patients. The photovoltaic
technology will impose a positive impact on the community (Ameta and Ameta, 2016). The supply of
adequate electricity means increases in the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, computer,
and television which mean the development of the community and the people living in the community.
The supply clean water is also linked to the access of the modern energy. The solar electricity can support
the productive uses which mean the financial burden issues are solved for the people in the community.
The project would take into account the willingness and ability to pay institutions, businesses, and
households (Okada and Kaneko, 2010).
46
5.4 Social Impact
The implementation of solar photovoltaic technology will offer cheaper energy and better economic
prospects to the communities than their current energy sources. The people living in the community will
use the energy sources for their own purpose such as operating electronic devices. The infrastructure
development is also based on the use of such energy. The buildings will get maximum facilities by
assisting the photovoltaic solar energy (Musirin and Sulaiman, 2015). The involvement of communities is
also playing an important factor in the project. Many people will be employed in the implementation of
the project. The solar technology will also provide electricity to the streetlights that will provide
protection to the children and women at night.
5.5 Environmental impacts
Dry cell battery is the primary energy source that has multiple applications in the communities. The
implementation of the photovoltaic energy technology will displace the use of the dry cell batteries. The
generation of electricity through solar technology will not impose a negative impact on the environment
(Deambi, 2016). The solar panels will be used for the generation of electricity.
5.6 Conclusion
The deployment of the photovoltaic technology will lead to the environmental benefits. The main benefit
decreases in the carbon emission which means a decrease in the emission of the greenhouse gasses. The
dry cell batteries will be displaced with the implementation of the technology. Apart from this, the access
to solar electricity will decrease the dependence of the people on other energy sources such as firewood,
kerosene, etc. Thus, the implementation of solar photovoltaic technology will provide benefit to the
community (Musirin and Sulaiman, 2015). The technology will require back up batteries and solar panels.
The project will also require land so that it will not affect the day to day life of the people. The research
paper clearly shows the benefits of the implementation of the solar photovoltaic technology in the
ManavGulzar community.
47
Chapter 6: Discussion
The research paper focuses on the impact of the solar energy on the ManavGulzar community. The
implementation of the technology will lead to the development of the society. The main purpose of the
research paper is to implement the solar photovoltaic technology that will impose an impact on the
communities (Jha, 2010).
The results clearly demonstrated that there would be the positive economic impact of photovoltaic
technology on the community. The development of economy depends on the basic infrastructure such as
electricity, water and shelter. An economy can face problems such as low market price and unfair trade
syndromes includes the reinforcement of the deprivation cycle, low levels of income and improving the
living conditions of the people. The life of many people is affected due to the lack of electricity. The
people of the community will be used for different things such as refrigerators, washing machine, mixture
grinders and charging their mobile devices. The solar technologies will be implemented to provide basic
energy services to the rural communities (Lotsch et al., 2005). The main goal of the project is to ensure
wide access and coverage by every institutions and household in the communities. The integration of the
income generation and productive opportunities into the energy access programs are the keys to universal
poverty alleviation and energy access.
The socio-economic impacts of the tourism in poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas are
shown in this case. The recognition of the elements and facts that drives the development should be
available readily to encourage the economic activity that has the potential to impact positively the local
lives(Lotsch et al., 2005). The location offers cultural heritage and natural capital that are important for
tourism. The community has the potential to stimulate cultural and natural resource conservation as well
as the development of the community. The technology can stimulate economic activities that make the
technology beneficial to the society. The electricity presence in the community can also attract a large
number of investors that lead to the development of the society (McEvoy, Castaner and Markvart, 2013).
The research clearly shows that the renewable energy technology such as the solar technology imposes
48
positive impact on the local communities. It has also been found that electricity is not the thing that leads
to the development of community, but it also requires continuous efforts that are necessary for the
economy.
The solar photovoltaic technology has made a significant contribution towards the micro business in the
rural areas by extending the working hours during the night. The business operations are in close range to
the homes of the operators by which domestic lightning/electricity can become applicable for the business
hours at night(Likhtenshtein, 2012). The supply of power supply through a hybridized system is the way
that guarantees a continuous supply of energy to support a number of activities. The combination of the
power storage battery system and sources of energy is the plan that will assist to achieve the objective of
the photovoltaic energy system.
The introduction and implementation of the project will also create employment for the people living in
the society. The sustainable source of energy is considered as the most important aspect of the
development of the society. Some of the factors that need to be considered carefully are to make efforts to
balance between economic sustainability and affordability. It is accessible to the customer base,
government subsidies, income distribution and productive uses in the project communities (Soga, 2007).
The balances of financial sustainability and affordability require attention beyond and at the local level.
The analysis shows that the expenditures on the current source of energy are more than the energy
generated from the solar technology. The cost of the electricity will be lowered which will be paid by the
people of the community. The government will be able to supply cheap electricity to the people of the
community.
The social impacts were the enhancement of the society which will lead to social development. It has also
been found that electrification systems and photovoltaic solar technology have led to the improvement in
the education (Labouret and Villoz, 2010). The electricity projects in the areas received approval by the
community people as it will lead to the development of the community. The photovoltaic technology will
become a valuable asset to attract a large number of investors. The students would be able to study at
49
nights and also use the electronic gadgets. The development of the health care facilities will lead to a
healthy lifestyle. The increase in access will enhance the education system and also increase in access to
entertainments. The implementation of the project will require advanced technology and resources by the
government (Knapp and Jester, 2010). The project will provide motivation to the professional people such
as doctors, teachers, and engineers. The supply of electricity will increase substantially in the community.
The solar photovoltaic technology will hold the capacity to pump fresh and clear water in the community
that will be used for domestic purposes and health services. The technology will also attract the attention
of the donors and government to contribute towards the access to fresh and clean water. The people of the
community will receive a cheap source of energy and will provide them a comfort life. There would not
be having any negative impact on the environment, and it would be as per the environmental rules and
regulations. All people from lower income group to higher income will get access to electricity. The
children and women will be benefited from the technology as they will be able to carry out their activities
(Thorpe, 2013). The involvement of the people of the society is also necessary for successful
implementation of the project. The business organizations will also be benefited from the use of the
renewable source of energy. The major problem that can be faced by the government is lack of resources
and technology which is necessary for the implementation of the technology. Many projects also fail due
to the lack of the local experiences.
Chapter 7: Conclusion and recommendation
7.0 Introduction
The structure of electricity supply system with the use of the solar PV technology has benefited the
ManavGulzar community to gain an eco-friendly environment. The system has supported the life of many
people and they are able to utilize the electricity from a renewable source(Khaligh and Onar, 2010). The
demand-supply gap increasing in India with the shortage of the electricity generation, and the
consumption rate has increased with the increment of the use of electricity in the life of the people. The
implementation of the solar PV technology has enabled the government to cope up with the situation. The
50
supply of adequate electricity also enhances the quality of the life of the people. The production of the
system installed is determined to be 100 KW which shows that the power is efficiently generated to
provide the sufficient supply to the community centre. The building is constructed for bringing
developments in the slum areas on which it was built. The larger roof top illustrates the large surface area
and it shows the development of large surface for placing the setup of solar photovoltaic technology on
the roof top(Karas, 2005). The solar photovoltaic technology has made a significant contribution towards
the micro business in the rural areas by extending the working hours during the night. The business
operations are in close range to the homes of the operators by which domestic lightning/electricity can
become applicable for the business hours at night.
7.1 Linking with the objectives
The solar technology has enhanced the quality and standard of the ManavGulzar community. The cost of
the installation of the technology was high and the members of the community supported the
implementation of the technology. The system has supplied adequate amount of electricity to the
community. Education is considered as the basis for the progress of an individual and development of the
community and it can be achieved with the supply of electricity. The results also show that the electricity
is necessary for the health care organizations (Jones and Smolleck, 2008). The supply of adequate
electricity has increased the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, computer, and television
which mean the development of the community and the people living in the community. The supply clean
water is also linked to the access of the modern energy. The solar electricity has supported the productive
uses which mean the financial burden issues are solved for the people in the community. The use of solar
energy is also eco-friendly.
7.2 Recommendation
The sustainable source of energy is considered as the most important aspect of the development of the
society. The members of the society have to use storage devices in order to store the electricity. The
storage of the electricity will enable the people of the community to use it at night(Johnson, 2005). It is
51
important for the people of the community to cooperate and support the implementation of the
technology. The government should invest more funds for increasing the efficiency of the technology.
The overall effectiveness is determined by the utilization made in an efficient way with reducing the
wastages of energy sources. The implementation of the system can be easily shown by illustrating the
usefulness by implementing the variation of techniques. The research clearly shows that the renewable
energy technology such as the solar technology imposes positive impact on the local communities
(Huang, Chen and Ao, 2008). It has also been found that electricity is not the thing that leads to the
development of community, but it also requires continuous efforts that are necessary for the economy. As
per the sustainable usage is being explained in this, the enhancement of the resources depicts the using of
the renewable resources that enables the appropriate structuring and utilizing the resources for the
purpose of saving the natural resources. Though this natural resource is not perishable in nature, for this
reason, the usage of this resource must be made in a more advanced way so that the minimization of the
utilization of the resource can be made by showing the enhancement of the various forms of the research.
The structure of the research can be made in an appropriate way so that the benefits can be made by
saving the excess energy which is being generated in the case of the ManavGulzar Community Centre.
The appropriate formation of the resource indicates the enhancement of the power by minimizing the
utilization (Hirschmann, 2006). The effectiveness can also be determined by the help of these processes
and the structuring of the work can be depicted to be appropriate in nature as undertaken for the analysis.
The generation of the power saving mode of the electricity supply enables the saving of the electricity
bills that provides the facility to be more efficient and effective in nature. It also shows the power saving
in a more appropriate way that shows the structure to be very much efficient. Therefore, these are the
recommendations that can be provided to this context as per the research is being undertaken for the
study.
7.3 Conclusion
The use of solar energy has increased in different sectors as well in local communities. The renewable
energy technology helps a nation to meet their efficient energy utilization that leads to the development of
52
the economy. The research shows the mitigation of crisis of the electricity provision for the human beings
can be made by implementing the solar photovoltaic technology. The use of such technology will change
the life of each and every individual living in the society. The integration of the income generation and
productive opportunities into the energy access programs are the keys to universal poverty alleviation and
energy access (Green, 2006). The economic impact of the technology on the communication is that the
electricity would propagate prospects for business ventures or tourism activities in the community. The
combination of the power storage battery system and sources of energy is the plan that will assist to
achieve the objective of the photovoltaic energy system. The major problem that can be faced by the
government is lack of resources and technology which is necessary for the implementation of the
technology. The analysis clearly shows the appropriate construction of the project by fulfilling the
objectives of the research. The research had made out all the possible ways for the creating the success to
the research and the enhancement of the research descriptions can be easily provided in the following
ways that shows the enhancement of the study (Fonash, 2010). The structure simply defines the
enhancement of the study that needs to be defined for the betterment of the structure and also enables the
appropriate path of the success to the research as undertaken for the study. It also shows the appropriate
establishment of the judgement to the effectiveness as undertaken for being determined regarding the
ManavGulzar community Centre. This characteristic enables the structuring of the usage of the solar
energy which needs to be appropriately structured by defining the appropriate terms which are related to
the research. The research methodology and the analysis enable the researcher to gather the appropriate
data for the fruitful completion of the research. This clearly shows the process of the research selected for
the structuring of the research. It also depicts that the progress made by the researcher is successful in
nature and also shows the enhancement of the study for the purpose of depicting the structure of the
research (Delahoy and Eldada, 2010). Then the research made the progress for the collection of the data
by the process of the both quantitative methods and the qualitative methods for the purpose of describing
the effectiveness and the benefits that are achieved by the people living at the community centre. Then the
RETScreen analysis is undertaken for the research that is being used as a statistical tool which enables the
53
enhancement of the research in an appropriate way. In this way the results can be appropriately achieved
that enabled the researcher to gather the necessary data and the information for the research.
54
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Empirical Appraisal of The Effectiveness of Solar Photovoltaic Technology-Manav Gulzar Community Centre, Ahmedabad

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Empirical appraisal of the effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology-Manav Gulzar

Community Centre, Ahmedabad

H1N17-5_2017 Engineering Management

Name: Chang Zhang

increasing the supply of electricity in the community.

1.1 Background of the research

information is significant for the analysis of the research study.

1.2 Research problem

be fruitful in nature, and the objectives can be fruitfully achieved.

1.3 Research aim and objectives

completion of the research process and is as follows:

To investigate the feasibility of Solar PV in ManavGulzar Community Centre

1. Reviews literature on Solar Photovoltaic Technology

2. To evaluate the feasibility of solar Photovoltaic Technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre,

capacity of less than 2KW that is indicated to be the maximum capacity.

4. Present the results

be illustrated by results achieved from the experiments.

enhancement of the research.

Chapter 2: Literature review

business sectors in light of streamlining strategies can be easily focused.

2.1 Theoretical Background of Research

effect and offers new open doors for business.

a) Flat plate PV/T collectors

b)Concentrating PV/T collectors

d) Water cooled PV/T collectors.

shape is low concentrator innovation in which focus proportions of 1 to 10 is accomplished. These

concentrating frameworks can be stationary.

2.2 Solar PV building in India

reach, very much ventilated and shielded from extraordinary climate.

useful for a wide range of apparatuses (Deambi, 2016).

2.3 Five year Energy Use in India

2.5 India legislation

Higher conversion productivity

Less material utilization

Application of new and locally accessible materials

Innovations in low-cost processes

Optimization of advances for the balance of systems

Indigenous assembling of solar PV equipment

far and wide (White, 2016).

self-made market request rather than an impulsive one.

expanded its share achieving a limit of 2.9.

2.6 Solar PV use in India

the good quality products.

2.7 Statistics on installation

on a shady day, however, it is not as successful as it is on a sunny day.

2.8 Solar Energy Policies and the measurements

advancing assembling strategies and utilizing higher quality materials.

framework and can be incorporated into the estimation of yearly funds.

reflected or consumed by the material that makes up the cell.

making progress in the work.

Chapter 3: Research methodology

of effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre. The overall

is a suitable ideal for synchronizing the process (Dixon, 2010).

3.1 Research Outline

effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre. The research

growth rate of the research methodology part.

enhancement of the project.

3.3 Research design

ManavGulzar Community Centre.

3.4 Research Strategy

research of effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre.

3.5 Time Horizon

made on effectiveness of solar photovoltaic technology in ManavGulzar Community Centre.