PINOYBIX.

ORG
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS
550 items
1. __________ is the progressive decrease of signal A. Third
strength with increasing distance. B. Fourth
C. Fifth
A. Radiation D. Sixth
B. Attenuation
C. Modulation 7. What do you call an attenuation that occurs over
D. Propagation many different wavelengths of the carrier?

2. Calculate the effective earths radius if the surface A. Rayleigh fading

refractivity is 301. B. Rician fading
C. Wavelength fading
A. 8493 km D. Slow fading
B. 8493 mmi
C. 6370 km 8. Which of the reception problems below that is not
D. 6370 mi due to multipath?

3. If k-factor is greater than 1, the array beam is bent A. Delayed spreading

B. Rayleigh fading
A. Away from the earth C. Random Doppler shift
B. towards the ionosphere, D. Slow fading
C. towards the earth
D. towards the outer space 9. Which causes multipath or frequency-selective
fading?
4. the antenna separations (in meters) required for
optimum operation of a space diversity system can A. Small reflector
be calculated from: B. Nearer reflector
C. Further reflector
A. S = 2R/L D. Large reflector
B. S = 3R/L
C. S = R/RL 10. In microwave transmission using digital radio,
D. S = R/L what causes most intersymbol interference?

where R = effective earth radius (m) and L = path A. Delayed spreading

length (m) B. Rayleigh fading
C. Random Doppler shift
5. Rainfall is an important factor for fading of radio
D. Slow fading
waves at frequencies above

11. A shipboard equipment which measures the

A. 10 GHz
distance between the ships bottom and the ocean
B. 100 GHz
floor.
C. 1 GHz
D. 100 MHz
A. Fathometer
B. Echosounder
6. Theoretically electromagnetic radiation field
C. LORAN
strength varies in inverse proportion to the square of
D. SONAR
the distance, but when atmospheric attenuation
effects and the absorption of the terrain are taken
into account the attenuation can be as high as the 12. The cavity resonator
inverse _______ power of the distance.
A. Is equivalent to an LC resonant circuit
 B. In a reflect klystron has its output taken
from the reflector plate
C. Produces a frequency which is
independent of the cavity size.
D. Has a low Q factor for narrow operation.
13. At what position is the input signal inserted into
a traveling-wave tube?
A. At the cathode end of the helix
B. At the collector
C. At the collector end of the helix
D. At the control grid of the electron gun
14. Coupling into and out of a traveling-wave tube
can be accompanied by a
A. Waveguide match
B. Cavity match
C. Direct coax-helix match
D. All of the above
15. a high-power microwave pulse of the order of
megawatts can be generated by a
A. traveling-wave tube
B. magnetron
C. reflex klystron
D. Gunn diode
16. A traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifies by virtue
of
A. The absorption of energy by the signal
from an electron stream
B. The effect of an external magnetic field
C. The energy contained the cavity
resonators
D. The energy liberated form the collector
17. What is the purpose of the electromagnetic field
which surrounds a traveling-wave tube?
A. To accelerate the electron
B. To velocity modulate the electron beam
C. To keep the electrons from spreading out
D. To slow down the signal on the helix
18. Which of the following is used as an oscillator
device in the SHF band?
A. Thyratron tube
B. Tunnel diode
C. Klystron tube
D. Both B and C
19. Microwave frequencies are normally regarded as
those in the range of
A. 1 to 500 MHz
B. 1000 to 10,000 GHz
C. 1 to 100 GHz
D. 10 to 1000 GHz
20. The highest frequency which a conventional
vacuum-tube oscillator can generate is not limited
by the
A. Electron transit time
B. Distributed lead inductance
C. Inter-electrode capacitance
D. Degree of emission from the cathode
21. As the electron beam moves through a klystrons
intercavity drift space
A. Frequency modulation at the input cavity
creates velocity modulation at the output
cavity
B. Velocity modulation at the input cavity
creates density modulation at the output
cavity
C. Density modulation at the input cavity
creates velocity modulation at the output
cavity
D. Phase modulation at the input cavity
creates velocity modulation at the output
cavity.
22. The frequency of the oscillation generated by a
magnetron, is mainly determined by
A. The flux density of the external magnet
B. The ratio of the dc cathode voltage to the
magnetic flux density
C. The number of the cavity resonators
D. The dimension of each cavity resonator
23. If the instantaneous RF potentials on the two D. Tune the magnetron to the correct
sides of a magnetron cavity are of opposite polarity, frequency
the operation is in the
28. In a radar-set receiver, the usual mixer stage is
A. mode
B. /2 mode A. And FET
C. 2 mode B. A tunnel diode
D. /4 mode C. A silicon crystal
D. A Rochelle salts crystal
24. The Gunn diode oscillatorA. Is capable of
generating continuous microwave power of the 29. Klystron oscillators are most often used in the
order of kilowatt frequency range of

B. Generates frequencies which are below A. 300 to 3000 MHz

100 MHz B. 3000 to 30000 MHz
C. Operates over a positive resistance C. 30 to 30000 MHz
characteristic D. 10 to 10000 MHz
D. Depends on the formation of charge
domain 30. Oscillators of a klystron tube are maintained

25. What ferrite device can be used instead of

A. By bunches of electrons passing the
duplexer of isolate microwave transmitter and
cavity grids
receiver when both are connected to the same
B. By plate-to-cathode feedback
antenna?
C. By feedback between the accelerating
grid and the repeller
A. Isolator D. By circulating bunches of electrons
B. Magnetron within the cavities.
C. Simplex
D. Circulator 31. What allow microwave to pass in only one
direction?
26. To achieve good bearing resolution when using a
pulsed-radar set, an important requirement is
A. RF emitter
B. Capacitor
A. A narrow, antenna-beam width in the C. Varactor-triac
vertical plane D. Ferrite emitter
B. A narrow, antenna-beam width in the
horizontal plane
32. In an SHF pulsed radar set, a reflex klystron can
C. A low repetition rate
be used as a
D. A high duty cycle
A. Single mixer stage
27. When used in conjunction with a radar set, the
B. Local oscillator
purpose of an echo box is to provide an artificial
C. Transmitter oscillator
target.
D. Duplexer stage
A. Which may be used to tune the radar
33. A Class-S Emergency Position-Indicating Radio
synchronizer
Beacon (E.P.I.R.B)
B. Which may be used to tune the radar
receiver
C. To the tone of the pulse repetition A. Must be capable of floating or being
secured to a survival
 B. Must have its battery replaced after
emergency use
C. May be tested during the first five
minutes of any hour
D. All of these
34. A PPI cathode-ray tube as used on a radar set
A. Is used to check the percentage of
modulation
B. Indicates both the range and azimuth of a
target
C. Indicates only the range of a target
D. Is used for receiver alignment
35. The resonant frequency of a cavity resonator
depends upon
A. The mode of operation
B. Its electrical dimensions
C. Its physical dimensions
D. The capacitor which tunes it
36. The maximum usable range of the usual radar set
(on any particular range setting) is determined by
A. The width of the transmitted pulses
B. The interval between transmitted pulses
C. The bandwidth of the receiver IF stages
D. The duty cycle
37. A reflex klystron is oscillating at the frequency of
its resonant cavity. If the reflector voltage is made
slightly less negative, the
A. Oscillation will cease
B. Output power would increase
C. The frequency will decrease
D. Bunching would occur earlier in time
38. The coarse frequency adjustment of a reflex
klystron is accomplished by
A. The AFC system
B. Adjusting the flexible wall of the resonant
cavity
C. An adjustment in the synchronizer
D. Varying the repeller voltage
39. In a pulsed radar set, the STC circuit is used to
A. Improve the target bearing resolution
B. Increases receiver sensitivity for echoes
from targets
C. Vary the pulse frequency in order to
control the maximum target
D. Reduce interference from the effects of
sea return
40. In a pulsed radar set, the function of the
duplexer is to
A. Aid in calibrating the display unit
B. Prevent frequency drift in the klystron
C. Allow the transmitter and the receiver to
operate from a common antenna
D. All of these
41. A magnetron is operated at a duty cycle of 0.001.
It has a peak power output of 100 kilowatts. Its
average power is
A. 10,000 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 1,000 watts
D. 1,000,000 watts
42. The aquadag coating on the inside of PPI tube is
used
A. To focus the beam of primary electrons
B. To shield the electron beam from
unidirectional magnetic
C. As a second anode and to prevent the
build-up of secondary field
D. All of these
43. If the duration of the radar transmitted pulse, on
a particular range of operation, is increased, the
required bandwidth of the receivers IF amplifiers
A. Must remain as before
B. Must be increased
C. May be decreased
D. Must be doubled
44. The main frequency determining element of a
klystron is
A. The repeller voltage
B. The accelerating voltage
 C. Its resonant cavity 50. Which of the following operating frequencies is
D. Its mode of operation used for the modern loran navigational system?

45. A thin layer of dirt and grime coverts the A. Loran C: 100 kHz
reflecting surface of the parabolic dish of a radar set. B. Loran D: 10.2 kHz
The particular effect on the performance of the C. Loran A: 1950 kHz
radar will be D. Loran B: 900 kHz

A. A decrease in range 51. Which ferrite device can be used instead of a

B. A reduction in horizontal resolution duplexer to isolate a microwave transmitter and
C. No noticeable effect receiver when both are connected to the same
D. A decrease in gain antenna?

46. Which of the following permits a microwave A. Isolator

signal to travel in one direction with virtually no loss, B. Magnetron
but severely attenuates any signal attempting to C. Simplex
travel in the reverse direction? D. Circulator

A. Isolator 52. The pulse frequency is equal to

B. Wave trap
C. Tunnel diode A. Duty cycle/pulse width
D. Circulator B. The reciprocal of the pulse repetition rate
C. Pulse width x peak power/average power
47. It is possible to increase the maximum range of a D. All of these
radar equipment by
53. In a radar set, a blocking oscillator can be used to
A. Lowering the pulse frequency
B. Raising the peak power of the transmitter A. Act as the local oscillator converter stage
C. Narrowing the beam width and B. Provide the sweep voltage for the PPI
increasing the pulse duration tube
D. All of these C. Produce a trigger pulse for the
transmitter
48. When it is desired that short-range targets be D. As a single local oscillator converter stage
clearly seen on a pulsed-radar set, it is important
that the receiver and display system have 54. The intensity of the echoes (target definition) on
a PPI display is determined by the
A. A long time constant
B. Low-pass filters A. Radio frequency
C. The shortest possible time B. Pulse frequency and antenna rotation
D. The restricted high-frequency response rate
C. Duty cycle
49. Which of the following is used as a high power D. Average power
microwave oscillator?
55. A duplexer circuit allows a transmitter and a
A. Thyratron receiver to operate from the same antenna with
B. Magnetron virtually no interaction. This circuit may be replaced
C. Klystron by a (an)
D. Reflex-klystron
A. loss waveguide
B. circulator
 C. isolator
D. gyrator
56. Which of the following frequencies are used by a
class-C Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
(E.P.I.R.B)?
A. 156.65 MHz
B. 121.5 MHz
C. 156.76 MHz and 156.8 MHz
D. All of these
57. The repetition rate of a pulsed radar system
indicates the
A. Frequency of the range-marker oscillator
B. Reciprocal of the duty cycle
C. Number of target echoes received on one
second
D. Frequencies of the duty cycle
58. The radar set, sensitivity-time control circuit
A. Controls the width of the magnetron
pulse
B. Is used to increase sea return
C. Can reduce sea-return response
D. Discriminates between targets that are
very close together.
59. Which of the following is the ferrite device that
buffers a microwave source from the effects of a
varying load, and thereby prevents the formation of
standing waves?
A. Circulator
B. Duplexer
C. Isolator
D. Diplexer
60. Pulsed radar sets are primarily used to find the
A. Targets range and bearing
B. Size and speed of a target
C. Speed and course of a target
D. Targets range of speed
61. Which of the following factors is mainly
concerned in the design of an antenna system for
pulsed radar set?
A. Duty cycle
B. Radio frequency
C. Pulse frequency
D. Pulse length
62. In a radar set receivers, an ac AFC system may be
used to
A. Automatically maintain the correct
magnetron frequency
B. Keep the IF stages on frequency
C. Maintain the desired klystron frequency
D. Provide automatic control of receiver
gain
63. The input signal is introduced into the traveling-
wave tube at the
A. Cathode
B. Anode
C. Cathode end of the helix
D. Collector end of the helix
64. The display on the PPI scope of a radar set will
have greater intensity under the following conditions
A. Higher antenna rotation speeds
B. Lower pulse repetition rate
C. Lower antenna rotation speeds
D. Both lower antenna rotation speeds and
higher pulse repetition
65. The operating frequency of loran C lies within the
A. LF band
B. VLF band
C. MF band
D. HF band
66. The PPI tubes have an aquadag coating on the
inside of the tube. The purpose of this coating is
A. To act as the second anode
B. To shield the tube magnetically
C. To decelerate the electron beam
D. To deflect the electron beam
67. A traveling-wave tube Is used at frequencies in
the order of
 A. 30 MHz D. Excessive radiation
B. 300 MHz
C. 8000 MHz 74. Stripline and microstrip transmission lines are
D. 100 MHz usually made with

68. The main benefit of using microwaves is A. Coax

B. Parallel wires
A. Lower-cost equipment C. Twisted pair
B. Simpler equipment D. PCBs
C. Greater transmission distances
D. More spectrum space for signals 75. The most common cross section of a waveguide
is a
69. Radio communication are regulated in the
Philippines by the A. Square
B. Circle
A. DOTC C. Triangle
B. KBP D. Rectangle
C. NTC
D. Department of Defense 76. A rectangular waveguide has a width of 1 inch
and a height of 0.6 in. Its cutoff frequency is
70. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of
microwaves? A. 2.54 GHz
B. 3.0 GHz
A. Higher-cost equipment C. 5.9 GHz
B. Line-of-sight transmission D. 11.8 GHz
C. Conventional components are not usable
D. Circuits are more difficult to analyze 77. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency of 17 GHz.
Which of the following signals will not be passed by
71. Which of the following is a microwave the waveguide?
frequency?
A. 15 GHz
A. 1.7 MHz B. 18 GHz
B. 750 MHz C. 22 GHz
C. 0.98 GHz D. 255 GHz
D. 22 GHz
78. Signal propagation in a waveguide is by
72. Which of the following is not a common
microwave application? A. Electrons
B. Holes
A. Radar C. Electric and magnetic fields
B. Mobile radio D. Air pressure
C. Telephone
D. Satellite communications 79. When the electric field in a waveguide is
perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation,
73. Coaxial cable is not widely used for long the mode is said to be
microwave transmission lines because of its
A. Vertical polarization
A. High loss B. Horizontal polarization
B. High cost C. Transverse electric
C. Large size D. Transverse magnetic
80. The dominant mode in most rectangular 86. Which diode is a popular microwave oscillator?
waveguide is
A. IMPATT
A. TE 1.0 B. Gunn
B. TE 1.2 C. Varactor
C. TM 0.1 D. Schottky
D. TM 1.1
87. Which type of diodes does not ordinarily operate
81. A magnetic field is introduced into waveguide by with reverse bias?
a
A. Varactor
A. Probe B. IMPATT
B. Dipole C. Snap-off
C. Stripline D. Tunnel
D. Capacitor
88. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing
82. A half-wavelength, close section of a waveguide
that acts as a parallel resonant circuit is known as A. Reflex klystrons
a(n) B. TWTs
C. Magnetrons
A. Half-wave section D. Varactor diodes
B. Cavity resonator
C. LCR circuit 89. Which of the following is not a microwave tube?
D. Directional coupler
A. Traveling-wave tube
83. Decreasing the volume of a cavity causes its B. Cathode-ray tube
resonant frequency to C. Klystron
D. Magnetron
A. Increase
B. Decrease 90. In a klystron amplifier, velocity modulation of the
C. Remain the same electron beam is produced by the
D. Drop to zero
A. Collector
84. __________ is a popular microwave mixer diode. B. Catcher cavity
C. Cathode
A. Gunn D. Buncher cavity
B. Varactor
C. Hot carrier 91. A reflex klystron is used as a(n)
D. IMPATT
A. Amplifier
85. Varactor and step-recovery diodes are widely B. Oscillator
used in what type of circuit? C. Mixer
D. Frequency multiplier
A. Amplifier
B. Oscillator 92. For proper operation, a magnetron must be
C. Frequency multiplier accompanied by a
D. Mixer
A. Cavity resonator
B. Strong electric field
 C. Permanent magnet A. Half-wave dipole
D. High dc voltage B. Parabolic
C. Hyperbolic
93. The operating frequency of klystrons and D. Horn
magnetrons is set by the
100. ______________ is a measure of reliability
A. Cavity resonators expressed as the average number of hours between
B. DC supply voltage successive failures.
C. Input signal frequency
D. Number of cavities A. MTBF
B. MTTR
94. A magnetron is used only as a/an C. Downtime
D. Outage time
A. Amplifier
B. Oscillator 101. The free space attenuation between two
C. Mixer microwave antennas 40 km apart operating at 8 GHz
D. Frequency multiplier is

95. A common application for magnetron is in A. 146.7 dB

B. 142.55 dB
A. Radar C. 82.5 dB
B. Satellites D. 86.7 dB
C. Two-way radio
D. TV sets 102. An active microwave radio repeater that can
provide drops and inserts.
96. In a TWT, the electron beam is density-
modulated by a A. Broadband repeater
B. Baseband repeater
A. Permanent magnet C. IF repeater
B. Modulation transformer D. RF repeater
C. Helix
D. Cavity resonator 103. If the correction factor k equals 4/3 of the
earths curvature, the microwave beam would have
97. The main advantage of a TWT over a klystron for a curvature that is ___________ than that of the
microwave amplification is earth.

A. Lower cost A. More

B. Smaller size B. Less
C. Higher power C. Equal
D. Wider bandwidth D. Not related

98. High-power TWTs are replacing what in 104. The optimum clearance from an obstacle in an
microwave amplifiers? microwave system is accepted as __________ of the
first fresnel zone radius.
A. MESFETs
A. 0.6
B. Magnetrons
B. 0.5
C. Klystrons
C. 0.9
D. IMPATT diodes
D. 1.5
99. The most widely used microwave antenna
105. The microwave beam curves the same than that 111. The most widely used radar transmitter
of the earth when the value of the correction factor component is a
k equals
A. Klystron
A. 0 B. Magnetron
B. 4/3 C. TWT
C. 2/3 D. Power transistor
D. Infinity
112. Low-power radar transmitters and receivers use
106. The time from the transmission of a radar pulse which component?
to its reception is 0.12 ms. The distance to the target
is how many nautical miles? A. GaAs FET
B. Magnetron
A. 4.85 nmi C. Gunn diode
B. 9.7 nmi D. Klystron
C. 11.2 nmi
D. 18.4 nmi 113. What component in a duplexer protects the
receiver from the higher transmitter output?
107. The ability of a radar to determine the bearing
to a target depends upon the A. Waveguide
B. Bandpass filter
A. Antenna directivity C. Notch filter
B. Speed of light D. Spark gap
C. Speed of the target
D. Frequency of the signal 114. Most radar antennas use a

108. The pulse duration of a radar signal is 699ns. A. Dipole

The PRF is 185 pulses per second. The duty cycle is B. Broadside array
C. Horn and parabolic reflector
A. 0.216 % D. Collinear array
B. 0.130 %
C. 0.013 % 115. The most common radar display is the
D. 0.407 %
A. A scan
109. The Doppler effect allows which characteristics B. Color CRT
of a target to be measured? C. LCD
D. PPI
A. Distance
B. Azimuth 116. A radar antenna using multiple diploes or slot
C. Altitude antennas in a matrix with variable phase shifters is
D. Speed called a/an

110. The Doppler effect is a change in what signal A. A scan

characteristics produced by relative motion between B. Phased array
the radar set and a target? C. Broadside
D. Circulator polarized array
A. Amplitude
B. Phase 117. Which of the following is a typical radar
C. Frequency operating frequency?
D. Duty cycle
 A. 60 MHz C. Polarization diversity
B. 450 MHz D. Wavelength diversity
C. 900 MHz
D. 10 GHz 124. A wire used to reduce the skin effect

118. A microwave system requires the use of A. AWG # 14

repeaters when B. AWG # 15
C. Copper wire
A. The intervening terrain is favorable D. Litz wire
B. The distances involve are grater
C. The required reliability is meet 125. Space diversity transmission means
D. The radio fading is unacceptable transmitting and receiving on two or more.

119. Are transmission lines which convey A. Different frequencies

electromagnetic waves in highest frequencies B. Antennas operating on two different
frequencies
A. Twister pair of telephone wires C. Antennas operating on the same
B. Waveguides frequencies
C. Power lines D. Identical frequencies
D. Coaxial cables
126. The best system configuration to overcome
120. A microwave band of 10.9 to 36. GHz is multipath fading of microwave system over the
considered as water

A. C-band A. Space diversity

B. X-band B. Frequency diversity
C. Q-band C. Polarization diversity
D. K-band D. Wavelength diversity

121. A microwave communications system space 127. When the value of k increases, the effective
loss calculation formula. result is _______ of the equivalent curvature

A. 94.2 + 20 log f + 20 log d A. Flattening

B. 92.4 + 20 log f + 20 log d B. Bulging
C. 94.2 + 10 log f + 20 log d C. Sharp curvature
D. 92.3 + 10 log f + 20 log d D. All of these

122. A waveguide is also a 128. A traveling wave tube consists of

A. Low pass filter A. Electron gun, helix and repeller

B. High pass filter B. Electron gun, helix and collector
C. Band pass filter C. Electron gun, repeller and collector
D. Band stop filter D. Buncher cavity and catcher cavity

123. A method of diversity reception where the 129. Advantage of periscope antenna in microwave
signal is transmitted on two difference frequencies
over the same path A. Reduce tower height
B. Minimize interference to and from other
A. Space diversity neighboring stations
B. Frequency diversity C. Shorten waveguide length
 D. Easy to install 135. At what frequency does oxygen cause excessive
attenuation?
130. What is the cut-off frequency of a waveguide?
A. 60 GHz
A. The highest frequency the waveguide B. 50 GHz
operates C. 40 GHz
B. The lowest frequency the waveguide D. 30 GHz
operates
C. The same as the operating frequency 136. Which of the following is an atmospheric
D. The only frequency the waveguide attenuation?
operates.
A. Attenuation due to water vapor and
131. When the clearance above the obstruction is oxygen
equal to the radii of even fresnel zones at the point B. Attenuation due to mist and fog
of reflection. The RSL is C. Attenuation due to other gases
D. Attenuation due to rain.
A. Increased
B. Decreased 137. A microwave system operating at the 6 GHz
C. Constant band is carrying 600 voice channels. What is the
D. Above threshold noise loading power in dBmO?

132. What is the wavelength of a wave in a A. 12.78

waveguide? B. 26.78
C. 27.78
A. Greater than in free space D. 10.25
B. Depends only on the waveguide
dimensions and the free-space wavelength 138. _________ is a microwave link between the
C. Inversely proportional to the phase down-town terminal and another out of town
velocity terminal.
D. Inversely proportional to the group
velocity A. STL
B. Uplink
133. The CCIR hypothetical reference circuit covering C. Downlink
a distance of 25000 km consists of a total of how D. Terrestrial
many hops?
139. Attenuator is used in the traveling wave tube to
A. 5
B. 10 A. Prevent oscillation
C. 24 B. Increase gain
D. 54 C. Prevent saturation
D. All of these
134. Water causes more attenuation particularly on
what frequency? 140. Is a method of diversity reception applied to
reflective path to reduce fading.
A. 20 GHz
B. 63 GHz A. Frequency diversity
C. 183 GHz B. Space diversity
D. 202 GHz C. Polarization diversity
D. Wavelength diversity
141. What is the effective earths radius used in A. Audio Direction Findings
communications design? B. Automatic Direction Finder
C. Alternate Direction Finder
A. 4000 miles D. Automatic Distance Finder
B. K x 4000 miles
C. 5000 miles 148. RF carrier of the middle marker is modulated at
D. K x 5280 miles ____ Hz.

142. IF bandwidth of a radar system is inversely A. 1300

proportional to B. 1400
C. 1500
A. Pulse width D. 1600
B. Pulse interval
C. Peak transmit power 149. Which of the following is considered as the
D. All of these major advantage of using a helix traveling wave
tube?
143. EADI stands for
A. Cheaper
A. Electronic Air Data Indicator B. Less noise
B. Electronic Altitude and Distance Indicator C. High power
C. Electronic Altitude and Director Indicator D. Wide bandwidth
D. Electronic Air and Distance Indicator
150. RADAR stands for
144. Which aircraft navigational system determines
the time to station (TTS) or time to go (TTG)? A. Radio Distance and Ranging
B. Radio Detection and Ranging
A. ADF C. Radio Direction and Ranging
B. DME D. Radio Distance and Range
C. Timer
D. ATC
151. Attenuator is used in the travelling wave tube
145. What frequency does a radio altimeter to
operate?
a. Help bunching
A. 33500 kHz b. Prevent oscillations
B. 43000 kHz c. Prevent saturation
C. 33500 MHz d. Increase gain
D. 43500 MHz
152. The multicavity klystron
146. What inflight system allows passengers to make
telephone calls, send faxes, and computer data shop a. Is not a good low-level amplifier because
and play computer games, etc.? of noise
b. Has a high repeller voltage to ensure a
A. Inflight Satellite System rapid transmit time
B. Terrestrial Flight Telephone System c. Is not suitable for pulsed operation
C. World Airline Entertainment System d. Needs a long transit time through the
D. Satellite Phone buncher cavity to ensure current
modulation
147. ADF stands for
153. What is the effective radiated power of a 159. A TWT is sometimes preferred to the multi-
repeater with 450 W transmitting power output, 4 cavity klystron amplifier because the former
dB feedline loss, 6dB duplexer loss, and 7 dB
circulator and feedline loss and antenna gain of 25 a. Is more efficient
dB? b. Has a greater bandwidth
c. Has a higher number of modes
a. 2893.31 W d. Produces a higher output power
b. 2523.83 W
c. 2839.31 W 160. Variation in oscillator frequency with changes in
d. 2425.38 W load SWR

154. Magnetron oscillator are used for a. Frequency pulling

b. Frequency pushing
a. Generating SHF signals c. Post-tuning drift
b. Multiplexing d. Tuning sensitivity
c. Generating rich harmonics
d. FM demodulation 161. It is the frequency change of an electronically
tuned oscillator at a specified time after it has
155. A microwave tube which has the advantage of reached its desired frequency
having a high efficiency
a. Frequency pulling
a. Cross-field amplifier b. Frequency pushing
b. Helix traveling wave tube c. Post-tuning drift
c. Klystron d. Tuning sensitivity
d. Gridded tube
162. What is the power level of the smallest signal
156. What term is used to describe the variation in a that can be detected above the noise by a Schottky
microwave oscillator frequency caused by power diode?
supply voltage or current changes?
a. -20 dBm
a. Frequency pulling b. 0 dBm
b. Frequency pushing c. -60 dBm
c. Post-tuning drift d. -100 dBm
d. Tuning sensitivity
163. A line-of-sight radio link operating at a
157. A rectangular waveguide has a width of 1.2 in frequency of 6GHz has a separation of $0 km
and a height of 0.7 in. the waveguide will pass all between antennas. An obstacle in the path is located
signals above __ GHz. 10 km from the transmitting antenna. By how much
must the beam clear the obstacle?
a. 4 GHz
b. 8.44 GHz a. 11.6 m
c. 10 GHz b. 13.4 m
d. 4.92 GHz c. 19.34 m
d. 22.33 m
158. Waveguides are
164. AM isolator
a. A hollow tube that carries HF
b. Solid conductors of RF a. Acts a buffer between microwave
c. Coaxial cables oscillators coupled to a waveguide
d. Copper wire
 b. Acts as a buffer to protect a microwave a. Prevent mode-jumping
oscillator form variations in the load b. Prevent cathode back-heating
changes c. Ensure bunching
c. Shields UHF circuits from RF transmitter d. Improve the phase-focusing effect
d. Both a and b
171. As a result of reflections from a plane
165. What is the effective earths radius when Ns = conducting wall, electromagnetic waves acquire an
300? apparent velocity greater that the velocity of light in
space. This is called the
a. 8500 km
b. 9320 km a. Velocity of propagation
c. 5600 km b. Normal velocity
d. 4850 km c. Group velocity
d. Phase velocity
166. What is the power level of the largest signal
that will still be in the square-law range of a Schottky 172. Which of the following is a method of
diode? modulating digital signals onto a microwave carrier?

a. -20 dBm a. FSK

b. 0 dBm b. Biphase
c. -60 dBm c. Quadraphase
d. -100 dBm d. All of the above

167. A component that combines microwave signals 173. Suppose that the transmitter and receiver
from separate transmission lines into one common towers have equal height. How high would they have
transmission line and allows no coupling between to be to communicate over a distance of 34 km?
the separate lines
a. 23.5 m
a. Isolator b. 28.47 m
b. Circulator c. 17 m
c. Directional coupler d. 8.47 m
d. Combiner
174. In microwave communications system, for a
168. Telemetry is a microwave communications carrier frequency of 6 GHz and a distance of 40 km,
system which operates at determine the free-space path loss in dB.

a. 600 MHz a. 80 dB
b. 3.9 GHz b. 84.2 dB
c. 4 GHz c. 140 dB
d. 2 GHz d. 144.2 dB

169. What is the maximum power that can be 175. A microwave relay repeater that receives the
obtained from a microwave semiconductor? modulated microwave carrier and obtains the
baseband signal from it, and them modulates the
a. 1 W baseband signal onto another carries and retransmit
b. 500 mW the new carrier with the baseband modulated onto
c. 10 W it
d. 4 W
a. Heterodyne repeater
170. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to b. Baseband repeater
 c. RF repeater a. A metal semiconductor point-contact
d. Regenerative repeater diode
b. A microwave mixer diode
176. Which is the frequency range of the most c. Often used a microwave detector
common industrial microwave relay band? d. Suitable for use as a microwave switch

a. 6.575-6.875 GHz 182. For some applications, circular waveguides may

b. 3.7-4.2 GHz be used preferred to rectangular ones because
c. 5.925-6.425 GHz
d. 10.7-11.7 GHz\ a. The smaller cross section needed at any
frequency
177. When a particular mode is excited in a b. Lower attenuation
waveguide, there appears an extra electric c. Freedom from spurious modes
component, in the direction of propagation. The d. Rotation of polarization
resulting mode is
183. A circulator
a. Transverse-electric
b. Transverse-magnetic a. Cools dc motors during heavy loads
c. Longitudinal b. Allows two or more antennas to feed one
d. Transverse-electromagnetic transmitter
c. Allows one antenna to feed two separate
178. Waveguide construction microwave transmitters and receivers at
the same time
a. Should not use silver plating d. Insulates UHF frequencies on
b. Should not use copper transmission lines
c. Should not have short vertical runs
d. Should not have long horizontal runs 184. What is the free-space loss in dB between two
microwave parabolic antennas 38 km apart
179. In a microwave system, the antenna sees a sky operating at 7 GHz?
temperature of 120 K, and the antenna feedline has
a loss of 3 dB. Calculate the noise temperature of the a. 85.10 dB
antenna/feedline system, referenced to the receiver b. 80.90 dB
input. c. 140.90 dB
d. 145.10 dB
a. 205 K
b. 233.33 K 185. A ruby maser amplifier must be cooled
c. 182 K
d. 210 K a. Because the maser amplification
generates a lot of heat
180. A choke flange may be used to couple two b. To increase bandwidth
waveguides c. Because it cannot operate at room
temperature
a. To help in the alignment of the d. To improve the noise performance
waveguides
b. Because it is simpler than any other join 186. The glass tube of a TWT may be coated with
c. To compensate for discontinuities at the aquadag to
join
d. To increase the bandwidth of the system a. Help focusing
b. Provide attenuation
181. A PIN diode is c. Improve bunching
 d. Increase gain
187. An antenna covering that the transmitted or
receives microwave power can pass through, used to
protect the antenna and the antenna feed from
weather
a. Shroud
b. Sub-reflector
c. Radome
d. Offset antenna
188. Waveguide are
a. Used exclusively in high frequency power
supplies
b. Ceramic couplers attached to the
antenna terminals
c. High-pass filters used at low radio
frequencies
d. Hollow metal conductors used to carry
high-frequency current
189. A microwave device which is unlikely to be used
a pulsed device. It is based on the principle of
operation of a traveling wave tube.
a. Multicavity klyston
b. Cross-field amplifier (CFA)
c. Backward wave oscillator (BWO)
d. Coaxial magnetron
190. A magnetic field is used in the cavity magnetron
to
a. Prevent anode current in the absence of
oscillations
b. Ensure that the oscillations are pulsed
c. Help in focusing the electron beam thus
preventing spreading
d. Ensure that the electors will orbit around
the cathode
191. In a micro wave communications system, if the
minimum carrier-to-noise (C/N) requirements for a
receiver with a 10MHz bandwidth is 22 dB, the
minimum receive carrier power is
a. -82 dB
b. 76 dBm
c. 84 dB
d. -82 dBm
192. A rectangular waveguide used for microwave
transmission has a width of 1.4 inches and a height
of 0.8 inches. All signals above __ GHz will be passed
by the waveguide.
a. 4.3 GHz
b. 2 GHz
c. 4.2 GHz
d. 5 GHz
193. A pyramidal horn has an aperture (opening) of
58 mm in the E plane and 78 mm in the H plane. It
operates at 14 GHz. Calculate the gain in dBi.
a. 19.29
b. 24.14
c. 15.8
d. 19.31
194. A magnetron whose oscillating frequency is
electronically adjustable over a wide range is called a
a. Coaxial magnetron
b. Dither-tuned magnetron
c. Frequency agile magnetron
d. VTM
195. Conductance takes place in a waveguide
a. By inter-electron delay
b. Through electrostatic field reluctance
c. In the same manner as a transmission line
d. Through electromagnetic and
electrostatic fields in the walls of the
waveguide
196. Indicate the false statement. Klystron amplifiers
may use intermediate cavities to
a. Prevent the oscillations that occurs in
two-cavity klystrons
b. Increase the bandwidth of the device
c. Improve power gain
d. Increase the efficiency of the klystron
197. The primary purpose of the helix in a traveling
wave tube is to
 a. Prevent the electron beam from relative motion between the source and reflecting
spreading in the long tube object.
b. Reduce the axial velocity of the RF field
c. Ensure broadband operation a) Doppler effect
d. Reduce the noise figure b) Hall effect
c) Marconi effect
198. A microwave device which allows RF energy to d) Maxwell effect
pass through in one direction with very little loss,
but absorbs RF power in the opposite direction 204. A ferrite is

a. Circulator a) a nonconductor with magnetic properties

b. Wave trap b) an intermetallic compound with
c. Multiplexer particularly good conductivity
d. Isolator c) an insulator which heavily attenuates
magnetic fields
199. A parametric amplifier must be cooled d) a microwave semiconductor invented by
Faraday
a. Because parametric amplification
generates a lot of heat 205. The primary purpose of the helix in a traveling-
b. To increase bandwidth wave tube is to
c. Because it cannot operate at room
temperature a) prevent the electron beam from
d. To improve the noise performance spreading in the long tube
b) reduce the axial velocity of the RF field
200. For low attenuation, the best transmission c) ensure the broadband operation
medium is d) reduce the noise figure

a. Flexible waveguide 206. The attenuator is used in the travelling-wave

b. Ridged waveguide tube to
c. Rectangular waveguide
d. Coaxial line a) help bunching
b) prevent oscillations
201. IF repeaters are also called c) prevent saturation
d) increase the gain
a) heterodyne receiver
b) mixer/receiver 207. A magnetron is used only as
c) radio receiver
d) FM receiver a) amplifier
b) oscillator
202. It is the difference between the nominal output c) mixer
power of a transmitter and the minimum input d) frequency multiplier
power required by a receiver
208. A backward-wave oscillator is based on the
a) RSL
b) IRL a) rising-sun magnetron
c) system gain b) crossed-field amplifier
d) FSL c) coaxial magnetron
d) traveling-wave tube
203. A phenomenon whereby the frequency of a
reflected of a reflected signal is shifted if there is
209. Stripline and microstrip transmission lines are b) IF repeater
usually made with c) baseband repeater
d) radio repeater
a) coax
b) parallel lines 215. In order to reduce cross-sectional dimensions,
c) twisted pair the waveguide to use is
d) PCBs
a) circular
210. Which of the following is not a microwave b) ridged
tube? c) rectangular
d) flexible
a) Traveling-wave tube
b) Cathode-ray tube 216. Indicate which one of the following applications
c) Klystron or advantages of radar beacons is false:
d) Magnetron
a) target identification
211. Indicate which is not true. Compared with other b) navigation
types of radar, phased array radar has the following c) very significant extension of the
advantages maximum range
d) more accurate tracking enemy targets
a) very fast scanning
b) ability to track and scan simultaneously 217. Refers to more than one transmission path or
c) circuit simplicity method of transmission available between
d) ability to track many targets transmitter and a receiver.
simultaneously
a) diversity
212. Given the frequency and dimensions of 5 GHz b) polarization
and 7 cm by 9 cm respectively, the beam of the c) efficiency
pyramidal horn is about ______. d) accuracy

a) 27 degrees 218. A solution to the blind speed problem is to

b) 53 degrees
c) 60 degrees a) change the Doppler frequency
d) 80 degrees b) vary the RF
c) use monopulse
213. The diameter of a parabolic reflector should be d) use MTI
at least how many wavelengths at the operating
frequency? 219. A direct path that exist between the transmit
and receive antennas
a) 1
b) 2 a) LOS
c) 5 b) direct waves
d) 10 c) space waves
d) terrestrial waves
214. A type of microwave repeater where the
received RF carrier is down-converted to an IF 220. The function of the quartz delay line in an MTI
frequency, amplified filtered and further radar is to
demodulated to baseband.
a) help in subtracting a complete scan from
a) RF repeater the previous scan
 b) match the phase of the coho and the
stalo
c) match the phase of the coho and the
output oscillator
d) delay a sweep so that the next sweep can
be subtracted from it
221. Type of diversity where it modulates two
different RF carrier frequencies with the same IF
intelligence, then transmitting both RF signals to a
given destination.
226. Type of diversity where the output of the
transmitter is fed to two or more antennas that are
physically separated by an appreciable wavelengths
a) quad diversity
b) wavelength diversity
c) space diversity
d) hybrid diversity
227. The Doppler effect is used in (indicate the false
statement)

a) polarization diversity a) moving-target plotting on the PPI

b) quad diversity b) the MTI system
c) space diversity c) FM radar
d) frequency diversity d) CW radar

222. The coho in MTI radar operates at the 228. A type of diversity where a single RF carrier is
propagated with two different electromagnetic
a) intermediate frequency polarization.
b) transmitted frequency
c) received-frequency a) space diversity
d) pulse operation frequency b) wavelength diversity
c) polarization diversity
223. Which type of diode does not ordinarily operate d) hybrid diversity
with reverse bias?
229. The A scope displays
a) Varactor
b) IMPATT a) the target position and range
c) Snapp-off b) the target range, but not position
d) Tunnel c) the target position, but not range
d) neither range nor position, but only
224. What happens when a horn antenna is made velocity
longer?
230. The glass tube of a TWT may be coated with
a) gain increases aquadag to
b) beam width decreases
c) bandwidth increases a) help focusing
d) bandwidth decreases b) provide attenuation
c) improve bunching
225. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz has an aperture d) increase gain
that is 7 cm by 9 cm. The gain is about
231. Type of diversity which consists of a standard
a) 10.5 dB frequency diversity path where the two
b) 11.1 dB transmitter/receiver pair at one end of the path are
c) 22.6 dB separated from each other and connected to
d) 35.8 dB different antennas that are vertically separated as in
space diversity

a) quad diversity
 b) wavelength diversity 237. A type of attenuator where attenuation is
c) space diversity accomplished by insertion of a thin card of resistive
d) hybrid diversity material through a slot in the top of a waveguide

232. The biggest disadvantage of CW Doppler radar a) flap attenuator

is that b) vane attenuator
c) slot attenuator
a) it does not give the target velocity d) directional coupler
b) it does not give the target range
c) a transponder is required at the target 238. After a target has been acquired, the best
d) it does not give the target position scanning system for tracking is

233. The combination of the frequency, space, a) nodding

polarization and receiver diversity into one system b) spiral
c) conical
a) hybrid diversity d) helical
b) quad diversity
c) space diversity 239. A duplexer is used
d) wavelength diversity
a) to couple two different antennas to a
234. If the target cross section is changing, the best transmitter without mutual interference
system for accurate tracking in b) to allow the one antenna to be used for
reception or transmission without mutual
a) lobe switching interference
b) sequential lobing c) to prevent interference between two
c) conical switching antennas when they are connected to a
d) monopulse receiver
d) to increase the speed of pulses in pulsed
radar
235. The multicavity klystron

240. Type of protection switching arrangement

a) is not good low-level amplifier because of
where each working radio channel has a dedicated
noise
backup or spare channel
b) has a high repeller voltage to ensure a
rapid transmit time
c) is not suitable for pulse operation a) hot swap
d) needs a long transmit time through the b) hot backup
buncher cavity to ensure current c) hot standby
modulation d) hot diversity

236. An arrangement that avoids a service
interruption during periods of deep fades or
equipment failures.
a) service switching arrangement
b) protection switching arrangement
c) interruption switching arrangement
d) equipment switching arrangement
241. If a return echo arrives after the allocated pulse
interval,
a) it will interfere with the operation of the
transmitter
b) the receiver might be overloaded
c) it will not be received
d) the target will appear closer than it really
is
242. Points in the microwave system baseband 248. It is a unidirectional device often made up of
signals either originate or terminate ferrite material used in conjunction with a channel-
combining network to prevent the output from
a) terminator interfering with the output of another transmitter
b) terminal stations
c) terminating equipment a) circulator
d) terminal equipment b) magic tee
c) isolator
243. A half wavelength, closed section of a d) rat race
waveguide that acts as a parallel resonant circuit is
known as _____. 249. Which is not true about the following: Flat-
topped rectangular pulses must be transmitted in
a) half-wave section radar to
b) cavity resonator
c) LCR circuit a) allow a good minimum range
d) directional couple b) make the returned echoes easier to
distinguish from the noise
244. Decreasing the volume of a cavity causes its c) prevent frequency changes in the
resonant frequency to magnetron
d) allow accurate range measurements
a) increase
b) decrease 250. The power that leaks out of the back and sides
c) remains the same of the transmit antenna interfering with the signal
d) drop to zero entering with the signal entering the input of a
nearby receive antenna.
245. The IF bandwidth of a radar receiver is inversely
proportional to the a) ringaround
b) ringabout
a) pulse width c) roundabout
b) pulse repetition frequency d) turnaround
c) pulse interval
d) the target will appear closer than it really 251. Which of the following is not true: The radar
is cross section of a target

246. Which of the following devices are not being a) depends on the frequency used
used in microwave power amplifier? b) may be reduced by special coating of the
target
a) klystron tubes c) depends on the aspect of a target, if this
non-spherical
b) traveling wave tubes
d) is equal to the actual cross-sectional area
c) IMPATT
for small targets
d) magnetron

252. It is a general term applied to the reduction in

247. Which is not true? A high PRF will
signal strength at the input to a receiver

a) make the returned echoes easier to

a) fading
distinguish from noise
b) attenuation
b) make the target tracking easier with
c) absorption
conical scanning
d) ghosting
c) increase the maximum range
d) have no effect on the range resolution
253. Indicate which of the following cannot be
followed by the word waveguide
a) elliptical
b) flexible
c) coaxial
d) ridged
254. If the ratio of the antenna diameter to the
wavelength in a radar system is high, this will result
in (indicate the false statement)
259. If the peak transmitted power in a radar system
is increased by a factor of 15, the maximum range
will be increased by a factor of
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 16
260. Varactor and step-recovery diodes are widely
used in what type of circuit?

a) large maximum range a) amplifier

b) good target discrimination b) oscillator
c) difficult target acquisition c) frequency multiplier
d) increased capture area d) mixer

255. High-power TWTs are replacing what in 261. It is defined as line loss incurred by an
microwave amplifiers? electromagnetic wave as it propagates in a straight
line through a vacuum with no absorption or
a) MESFETs reflection of energy from nearby objects.
b) Magnetrons
c) Klystrons a) IRL
d) IMPATT diodes b) FSL
c) RSL
256. The most widely used microwave antenna is a d) Eb/No

a) half-wave dipole 262. For proper operation, a magnetron must be

b) quarter-wave probe accompanied by a
c) single loop
d) horn a) cavity resonator
b) strong electric field
257. Applies to propagation variables in the physical c) permanent magnet
radio path which affect changes in path loss d) high dc voltage
between the transmitter at one station and its
normal receiver at the other station. 263. A police radar speed trap functions at a
frequency of 1.024 GHz in direct line with your car.
a) ghosting The reflected energy from your car is shifted 275 Hz
b) absorption in frequency. Calculate the speed in miles per hour?
c) attenuation
d) fading a) 60 mph
b) 70 mph
258. If the antenna diameter in a radar system is c) 80 mph
increased by a factor of 4, the maximum range will d) 90 mph
be increased by a factor of
264. It is the ratio of the wideband carrier to the
a) square root of 2 wideband noise power
b) 2
c) 4 a) carrier to noise ratio
d) 8 b) signal to noise ratio
 c) energy per bit per noise density ratio b) DC supply voltage
d) noise figure c) input signal frequency
d) Number of cavities
265. What is the duty cycle of a radar pulse if the
pulse width is 1s, the pulse repetition rate is 900, 271. Using a small reflector to beam waves to the
and the average power is 18 W? larger parabolic reflector is known as

a) 0.09 % a) focal feed

b) 0.99 % b) horn feed
c) 0.90 % c) cassegrain feed
d) 1.00 % d) coax feed

266. A microwave tube amplifier uses an axial 272. If the noise figures and gains of each of the
magnetic field and a radial electric field. This is the amplifiers in cascade is 3 dB and 10 dB respectively.
What is the total noise figure?
a) reflex klystron
b) coaxial magnetron a) 2.12 dB
c) traveling-wave magnetron b) 3.24 dB
d) CFA c) 1.24 dB
d) 4.23 dB
267. Figure of merit used to indicate how much the
signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates as a signal passes 273. One of the following is unlikely to be used as a
through a circuit or series of circuits pulsed device

a) noise factor a) multicavity klystron

b) signal to noise ratio b) BWO
c) carrier to noise ratio c) CFA
d) dynamic range d) TWT

268. What is the peak power of a radar pulse if the 274. Calculate the maximum ambiguous range for a
pulse width is 1s, the pulse repetition rate is 900, radar system with PRT equal to 400s.
and the average power is 18 W?
a) 13.8 mi
a) 10 kW b) 43.5 mi
b) 15 kW c) 16.4 mi
c) 20 kW d) 32.8 mi
d) 30 kW
275. When electromagnetic waves are propagated in
269. The point where the antenna is mounted with a waveguide
respect to the parabolic reflector is called the
a) they travel along the broader walls of the
a) focal point guide
b) center b) they are reflected from the walls but do
c) locus not travel along them
d) tangent c) they travel through the dielectric without
the walls
270. The operating frequency of klystron and d) they travel along all four walls of the
magnetrons is set by the waveguide

a) cavity resonators
276. What is the distance in nautical miles to a target
if it takes 123 s for a radar pulse to travel from the
radar antenna to the target, back to the antenna,
and be displayed on the PPI scope?
a) 10 nmi
b) 5 nmi
c) 20 nmi
d) 15 nmi
277. Waveguides are used mainly for microwave
signals because
a) they depend on straight-line propagation
which applies to microwaves only
b) losses would be too heavy at lower
frequencies
c) there are no generators powerful enough
to excite them at lower frequencies
d) they would be too bulky at lower
frequencies
278. Calculate the coupling of a directional coupler
that has 70 mW into the main guide and 0.35 mW
out the secondary guide.
a) 13 dB
b) 23 dB
c) 33 dB
d) 10 dB
279. The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide
a) is greater than in free space
b) depends only on the waveguide
dimensions and the free space wavelength
c) is inversely proportional to the phase
velocity
d) is directly proportional to the group
velocity
280. A rectangular waveguide is 1 cm by 2 cm.
Calculate the cutoff frequency
a) 3.5 GHz
b) 15 GHz
c) 7.5 GHz
d) 4 GHz
281. The main difference between the operation of
transmission liners and waveguides is that
a) the latter is not distributed, like
transmission lines
b) the former can use stubs and quarter-
wave transformers, unlike the latter
c) transmission lines use the principal mode
of propagation, and therefore do not suffer
from low-frequency cut-off
d) terms such as impedance matching and
standing-wave ratio cannot be applied to
waveguides
282. The useful power of the transmitter that is
contained in the radiated pulses is termed as
______.
a) rms power
b) rated power
c) peak power
d) average power
283. In radars, echoes that are produced when the
reflected beam is strong enough to make a second
trip
a) double range echoes
b) double frequencies echoes
c) second return echoes
d) second time around echoes
284. Indicate the false statement. Compared with
equivalent transmission lines, 3 GHz waveguides
a) are less lossy
b) can carry higher powers
c) are less bulky
d) have lower attenuation
285. The range beyond which targets appear as
second return echoes is called
a) maximum range
b) maximum unambiguous range
c) maximum usable range
d) any of these
286. When a particular mode is excited in a
waveguide, there appears an extra electric
component, in the direction of propagation. The 292. Indicate the false statement. When the free-
resulting mode is space wavelength of a signal equals the cutoff
wavelength of the guide
a) transverse electric
b) transverse magnetic a) the group velocity of the signal becomes
c) longitudinal zero
d) transverse-electromagnetic b) the phase velocity of the signal becomes
infinite
287. In radars, echoes that arrive after the c) the characteristic impedance of the guide
transmission of the next pulse are called _____. becomes infinite
d) the wavelength within the waveguide
a) second return echoes becomes infinite
b) second time around echoes
c) multiple time around echoes 293. In radars, the duration of the pulse is
d) any of these
a) duty cycle
288. When electromagnetic waves are reflected at b) pulse width
an angle from a wall, their wavelength along the wall c) pulse amplitude
is d) pulse cycle

a) the same as the free space
b) the same as the wavelength
perpendicular to the wall
c) shortened because of the Doppler effect
d) greater than in the actual direction of
propagation
289. A radar mile is equivalent to
a) 2000 mi
b) 2000 m
c) 2000 yd
d) 2000 km
290. As a result of reflections from a plane
conducting wall, electromagnetic waves acquire an
apparent velocity of light in space
294. A signal propagated in a waveguide has a full
wave electric intensity change between two further
walls, and no component of the electric field in the
direction of propagation. The mode is
a) TE11
b) TE10
c) TM22
d) TE20
295. In radars, the number of the pulses transmitted
per second is called
a) pulse repetition frequency
b) pulse repetition time
c) pulse repetition phase
d) pulse number of repetition

a) velocity of propagation 296. Which of the following is incorrect? The

b) normal velocity dominant mode of propagation is preferred with
c) group velocity rectangular waveguides because
d) phase velocity
a) it leads to the smallest waveguide
291. In radars, the time between pulses is called dimensions
______. b) the resulting impedance can be matched
directly to coaxial lines
a) rest time c) it is easier to excite than other modes
b) duration time d) propagation of it without any spurious
generation can be ensured
c) delay time
d) propagation time
297. It is a mean of employing radio waves to detect d) plunger
and locate objects such as aircraft, ships and land
masses. 303. What type of waveguide is widely used?

a) detectors a) circular
b) radars b) ridged
c) repeaters c) flexible
d) beacons d) rectangular

298. A choke flange may be used to couple two 304. A piston attenuator is a
waveguides
a) vane attenuator
a) to help the alignment of the waveguides b) waveguide below cutoff
b) because it is simpler than any other join c) mode filter
c) to compensate for discontinuities at the d) flap attenuator
join
d) to increase the bandwidth of the system 305. Waveguides act as _____.

299. The resonant frequency of a cavity may be a) low-pass filter

varied by changing any of these parameters except:
b) bandpass filter
c) high-pass filter
a) cavity volume d) band-stop filter
b) cavity inductance
c) cavity capacitance 306. Cylindrical cavity resonators are not used with
d) cavity resistance klystron because they have

300. In order to couple two generators to a a) a Q that is too low

waveguide system without coupling them to each
b) a shape whose resonant frequency is too
other, which could not be use?
difficult to calculate
c) harmonically related resonant
a) rat-race frequencies
b) E-plane T d) too heavy losses
c) hybrid ring
d) magic T 307. In waveguides, if no component of the E field is
in the direction of propagation the mode is said to
301. A type of tee so-named because of the side be
arms shunting the E field for the TE modes, which is
analogous to voltage in the transmission lines a) TE
b) TM
a) magic tee c) TEM
b) rat tee d) TME
c) series tee
d) shunt tee 308. A directional coupler with three or more holes
is sometimes used in preference to the two-hole
302. Which one of the following waveguide tuning coupler
components is not easily adjustable?
a) because it is more efficient
a) screw b) to increase coupling of the signal
b) stub c) to reduce spurious mode generation
c) iris d) to increase the bandwidth of the system
309. The smallest free-space wavelength that is just
unable to propagate in the waveguide
a) cutoff wavelength
b) cutoff frequency
c) cutoff waveguide length
d) cutoff phase
310. It is the minimum frequency of waves that can
propagate through the waveguide
a) cutoff frequency
b) cutoff wavelength
c) cutoff phase
d) cutoff waveguide length
a) a metal semiconductor point-contact
diode
b) a microwave mixer diode
c) often used as a microwave detector
d) suitable for use as a microwave switch
316. A common omnidirectional microwave antenna
is the
a) horn
b) parabolic reflector
c) helical
d) bicone
317. The output of a helical antenna is

311. A common application of magnetrons is in a) vertically polarized

b) horizontally polarized
a) Radar c) circularly polarized
b) Satellites d) linearly polarized
c) Two-way radio
d) TV sets 318. For some applications, circular waveguides may
be preferred to rectangular ones because of
312. In waveguides, it is the velocity at which the
wave changes phase a) the smaller the cross section needed at
any frequency
a) waveguide velocity b) lower attenuation
b) group velocity c) freedom from spurious modes
c) phase velocity d) rotation of polarization
d) total velocity
319. A helical antenna is made up of a coil and a
313. The maximum power that may be handled by a
ferrite component is limited by the a) director
b) reflector
a) curie temperature c) dipole
b) saturation magnetization d) horn
c) line width
d) gyromagnetic resonance 320. In a klystron amplifier, velocity modulation of
the electron beam is produced by the
314. In waveguides, it is the velocity at which the
wave propagates a) collector
b) catcher cavity
a) phase velocity c) cathode
b) group velocity d) buncher cavity
c) total velocity
d) waveguide velocity 321. Increasing the diameter of a parabolic reflector
causes which of the following:
315. A PIN diode is
a) decreased beamwidth
b) increased gain
 c) none of the above d) rectangle
d) decreased beamwidth and increased gain
328. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to
322. For low attenuation, the best transmission
medium is a) prevent mode jumping
b) prevent cathode back-heating
a) flexible waveguide c) ensure bunching
b) ridged waveguide d) improve the phase-focusing effect
c) rectangular waveguide
d) coaxial line 329. Signal propagation in a waveguide is by

323. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing a) electrons

b) electric and magnetic fields
a) Reflex klystron c) holes
b) TWTs d) air pressure
c) Magnetrons
d) Varactor diodes 330. The dominant mode in most waveguides is

324. One of the reasons why vacuum tubes a) TE 0,1

eventually fail at microwave frequencies is that their b) TE 1,2
c) TM 0,1
a) noise figure increases d) TM 1,1
b) transmit time becomes too short
c) shunt capacitive reactances becomes too 331. Periodic permanent-magnet focusing is used
large with TWTs to
d) series inductance reactances becomes
too small a) allow pulsed operation
b) improve electron bunching
325. A rectangular waveguide has a width of 1 inch c) avoid the bulk of electromagnet
and a height of 0.6 inch. Its cutoff frequency is d) allow coupled-cavity operation at the
highest frequencies
a) 2.54 GHz
b) 3.0 GHz 332. A popular microwave mixer diode is the
c) 5.9 GHz
d) 11.8 GHz a) Gunn
b) Varactor
326. The TWT is sometimes preferred to the c) Hot carrier
multicavity klystron amplifier, because the former d) IMPATT

a) is more efficient 333. A magnetron whose oscillating frequency is

b) has a greater bandwidth
c) has a higher number of modes
d) produces higher output power
327. The most common cross section of a waveguide
is a
electronically adjustable over a wide range is called a
a) coaxial magnetron
b) dither-tune magnetron
c) frequency-agile magnetron
d) VTM

a) square 334. The main benefit of using microwave is

b) circle
c) triangle
 a) lower-cost equipment c) multiple or coaxial loads are used
b) sampler equipment d) the anode voltage is made larger
c) greater transmission distances
d) more spectrum space for signals 341. Coaxial cable is not widely used for long
microwave transmission lines because of its
335. Which diode is a popular microwave oscillator?
a) high loss
a) IMPATT b) high lost
b) Gunn c) large size
c) Varactor d) excessive radiation
d) Schottly
342. The main advantage of the TWT over a klystron
336. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of for microwave amplification is
microwave?
a) lower cost
a) higher cost equipment b) smaller size
b) line-of-sight transmission c) higher power
c) conventional components are not usable d) wider bandwidth
d) circuits are more difficult to analyze
343. A magnetic field is used in the cavity magnetron
337. Which of the following is a microwave to
frequency?
a) prevent anode current in the absence of
a) 1.7 MHz oscillations
b) 750 MHz b) ensure that the oscillations are pulsed
c) 0.98 MHz c) help in focusing the electron beam, thus
d) 22 GHz preventing spreading
d) ensure that the electrons will orbit
338. In a TWT, the electron beam, is density- around the cathode
modulated by a
344. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency of 17 GHz.
a) Permanent magnet Which of the signals will not be passed by the
b) Modulation transformer waveguide?
c) Helix
d) Cavity resonator a) 15 GHz
b) 18 GHz
339. Which of the following is not a common c) 22 GHz
microwave application? d) 25 GHz

a) radar 345. When the electric field in a waveguide is

b) mobile radio
c) telephone
d) spacecraft communications
340. Indicate the false statement. Transit time in
microwave tubes will be reduced if
a) the electrodes are brought closer
together
b) a higher node current is used
perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation,
the mode is said to be
a) vertical polarization
b) transverse electric
c) horizontal polarization
d) transverse magnetic
346. The TWT is sometimes preferred to the a) waveguide
magnetron as a radar transmitter output tube b) twin lead
because it is c) coax
d) stripline
a) capable of longer duty cycle
b) a more efficient amplifier 353. How much must a waveguide be?
c) more broadband
d) less noisy a) over a half-wave
b) over a quarterwave
347. A magnetic field is introduced into a waveguide c) over a wavelength
by a d) over three-fourths of a wavelength

a) probe 354. How high must a waveguide be?

b) dipole
c) stripline a) over a wavelength
d) capacitor b) over a quarter wave
c) over a half wave
348. A reflex klystron is used as a/n d) over two wavelengths

a) amplifier 355. What is the designation of the lowest-frequency

b) oscillator microwave band?
c) mixer
d) frequency multiplier a) V band
b) X band
349. Indicate the false statement: Manganese ferrite c) Ku band
may be used as a d) L band

a) circulator 356. What is the designation of the highest-

b) isolator frequency microwave band?
c) garnet
d) phase shifter a) R band
b) Ka band
350. Indicate the false statement. Klystron amplifiers c) V band
may use intermediate cavities to d) L band

a) prevent oscillations that occur in two- 357. What is reduced by using choke flanges?
cavity klystron
b) increase the bandwidth of the device a) refraction
c) improve the power gain b) reflection
d) increase the efficiency of the klystron c) absorption
d) cancellation
351. What are limits of microwaves?
358. What is the name of the microwave
a) 1 25,000 GHz transmission line that is used in printed circuits?
b) 1 50,000 GHz
c) 1 75,000 GHz a) microstrip
d) 1 100,000 GHz b) coax
c) twin lead
352. The following transmission lines are used for d) twisted pair
microwave frequencies, except:
359. Where is the resistive load placed in a c) TWT
directional coupler? d) BWO

a) front end of the primary 366. Which microwave tube has a helix
b) front end of the secondary
c) back end of the primary a) klystron
d) back end of the secondary b) magnetron
c) multicavity klystron
360. One of the following is a type of bolometer d) BWO

a) calorimeter 367. Which microwave tube has a horseshoe

b) thermocouple magnet?
c) barreter
d) carreter a) magnetron
b) klystron
361. Why are bolometers not used to detect c) TWT
modulation? d) BWA

a) thermal sluggishness 368. What is the advantage of a gridless klystron

b) inefficiency
c) less accurate a) power input
d) less precise b) gain
c) attenuator
362. The advantage of a resonant cavity over a d) power output
hairpin tank?
369. Which vacuum tube do you think oscillate at
a) lesser Q the highest frequency
b) wider bandwidth
c) higher Q a) Magnetron
d) efficiency b) Gunn
c) Klystron
363. What type of coupling is used between a d) BWO
waveguide and a waveguide wavemeter?
370. How would a balun be used to change 200
a) loop antenna ohms to 50 ohms?
b) quarterwave antenna
c) hole a) use a higher turns ratio
d) E probe b) use a higher frequency
c) reverse it
364. Which microwave tube has a repeller? d) use low frequency

a) TWT 371. How could a balun change 100 ohms to 900

b) Klystron ohms
c) Magnetron
d) BWO a) use 3:1 turns ratio
b) use 1:3 turns ratio
365. Which microwave tube has a series of cavities? c) use 9:1 turns ratio
d) use 1:9 turns ratio
a) magnetron
b) klystron 372. How high a frequency can transistor generate?
 a) above 10 GHz 379. What is wrong with the term Gunn Diode?
b) above 5 GHz
c) above 2 GHz a) not a gun
d) above 7.8 GHz b) not a semiconductor
c) not a diode
373. What is the microwave application of a d) should be spelled with single n
varactor?
380. What is important property do ferrites have
a) mixer which is used as a switch?
b) frequency multiplier
c) demodulator a) faraday rotation
d) demultiplexer b) resonance absorption
c) magnetic properties
374. What diode does better than varactor in d) high curie temperature
microwave frequencies?
381. Which is used in circulators?
a) step recovery
b) tunnel a) resonance absorption
c) PIN b) magnetic properties
d) Gunn c) ion resonance
d) faraday rotation
375. The following diodes can generate microwave
AC except: 382. What is the advantage of using a circulator with
two transmitter and two receivers?
a) Tunnel
b) LSA a) many antennas
c) IMPATT b) less interference
d) Magnetron c) easy coupling
d) one antenna only
376. For what are PIN diodes used in microwave?
383. To what must the fourth port be connected in a
a) mixers tunnel diode amplifier?
b) modulators
c) oscillators a) resistor
d) amplifier b) inductor
c) capacitor
377. What is the other name for LSA diodes? d) impedance

a) negative resistance 384. To what must the third port be connected in a

b) bulk-effect multiplexer circulator
c) tunneling effect
d) time-space a) reflecting short circuit
b) absorbing short circuit
378. What is the advantage of LSA over a Gunn c) reflecting open circuit
Diode? d) absorbing open circuit

a) more efficient 385. What does radar mean?

b) higher power
c) less noise a) radio detection and range
d) higher frequency b) radio direction and radiation
 c) radio direction and range 392. What is the ability to separate adjacent
d) range direction radiation equidistant targets called?

386. In what distance unit are marine radars a) bearing resolution

calibrated? b) narrow bandwidth
c) high frequency
a) statute miles d) shorter wavelength
b) kilometers
c) nautical miles 393. What is the approximate rotational rate of a
d) feet radar antenna?

387. What time unit is the equivalent of a radar a) 20 rpm

mile? b) 5 rpm
c) 25 rpm
a) 12.3 microseconds d) 10 rpm
b) 6.8 microseconds
c) 4.5 microseconds 394. How is radar CRTs differ from TV?
d) 7.1 microseconds
a) square
388. In what frequency band does marine radar b) round
operate? c) rectangular
d) trapezoidal
a) 9.5 GHz S band
b) 3 GHz X band 395. What circuits make up the radar transmitter?
c) 9.5 GHz Ku band
d) 3 GHz S band a) multivibrator
b) trapezoidal oscillator
389. To what two circuits would a radar timer circuit c) sine wave generator
feed signals? d) blocking oscillator

a) modulator and mixer 396. What type of oscillator determines the PRR?
b) amplifier and circulator
c) modulator and circulator a) blocking
d) amplifier and modulator b) pulse
c) square
390. What is the target display on a CRT called? d) blocking or pulse

a) crosshair 397. What other circuit might be used as an

b) blip oscillator that determines the PRR?
c) center spot
d) round a) trapezoidal generator
b) unbalanced multivibrator
391. What is the main bang on a PPI radar set? c) bistable multivibrator
d) sinewave generator
a) blip
b) center spot 398. Why are hydrogen-gas thyratrons used in
c) bearing radar?
d) round
a) fast-ionize
b) cheaper
 c) accurate d) can transceiver
d) efficient
405. To what tube is a dc keep-alive voltage applied?
399. What is the other name for a pulse-forming
network in radars? a) Oscillator
b) Transmit-Receive Mixer
a) tuned circuit c) Circulator
b) oscillators d) Isolator
c) delay line
d) capacitive circuits 406. In radar, if the mixer diode burns out, what are
replaced?
400. What determines the PRR in odd-time radar
sets? a) tube
b) mixer
a) tuned circuit frequency c) antenna
b) oscillator frequency d) diode
c) spark gap speed
d) MOPA transmitter time 407. What is the cavity between magnetron and
mixer cavity called?

401. What is used to carry RF energy from a) ATR

magnetron to antenna in a radar set? b) TR
c) Transmit
a) helix d) Receive
b) parallel wireline
c) coax 408. Radar receivers use what Ifs
d) waveguide
a) 20 MHz and lower
402. What is the method of illuminating a parabolic b) 10 MHz and higher
reflector with RF? c) 30 MHz or higher
d) 10 MHz and lower
a) horn
b) cassegrain 409. What kind of local oscillators does a radar
c) helix receiver use?
d) coax
a) klystron
403. How would a radar reflector be parabolic- b) magnetron
shaped c) LSA
d) TWT
a) circularly
b) vertically 410. What solid-state types might be used as a radar
c) horizontally receiver?
d) none of these
a) Gunn diode
404. In what way are radar emissions similar to b) Tunnel diode
microwave ovens? c) Hot carrier diode
d) Step recovery diode
a) can transmit
b) can receive 411. What does an ATR tube aid?
c) can cook
 a) transmitting d) any amount of intensifying pulse will do
b) receiving
c) both transmitting and receiving 418. If echo signals are developed as negative pulses,
d) neither transmitting and receiving to what part of the CRT would they be fed in radar?

412. To what is the AFC voltage applied in a a) anode

klystron? b) grid
c) cathode
a) cathode d) 2nd grid
b) grid
c) plate 419. What starts the range-marker circuit ringing in
d) any of these radars?

413. Sea return is the control that desentisizes a a) intensifying pulse

radar receiver for _____ b) IF gain
c) AC signal
a) 5 10 microseconds d) Carrier signal
b) 15 20 microseconds
c) 10 15 microseconds 420. Why is a selsyn pair not too successful for radar
d) 20 25 microseconds antenna synchronization?

414. In radars, how is blooming prevented? a) constant lead angle

b) variable lag angle
a) limit modulation c) constant lag angle
b) video signal d) variable lead angle
c) limit the carrier signal
d) limit the audio signal 421. What is fed to the rotor of a selsyn motor?

415. How is brilliance controlled in radars? a) power-line AC

b) DC source
a) audio gain c) A pulsating DC
b) IF gain d) None
c) RF gain
d) video gain 422. What is fed to the rotor selsyn generator?

416. How is sensitivity limited in radars? a) none

b) power-line AC
a) RF gain c) DC source
b) video gain d) A pulsating DC
c) audio gain
d) IF gain 423. What is fed to a control transformer rotor?

417. How much intensifying pulse is used in radars? a) A pulsating DC

b) power-line AC
a) Just enough to produce light flicker on c) DC source
screen d) none
b) should be high to produce light flicker on
screen 424. What is used to indicate the bow of the ship on
c) should be low to produce light flicker on the CRT?
screen
 a) tail flash
b) body flash
c) heading flash
d) none
425. When is an echo box used on ships?
a) testing only
b) direction finding
c) auto alarm
d) ship detection
426. What qualification must a person have before
he is eligible to make repairs to a radar set?
a) NTC endorsement
b) repair license
c) repair endorsement
d) radar endorsement
427. What is the advantage of using Doppler radar?
a) shows only moving target
b) shows stationary target
c) shows both moving and stationary target
d) produce blips with stationary targets
428. How would Doppler radar give speed
indications?
a) adjust output burst
b) correct RF carrier output
c) switch amplitude detector
d) calibrate discriminator output
429. What is another application of Doppler radar?
a) distance between radar and stationary
target
b) ground speed indicator
c) ground missile indicator
d) enemy base station
430. Why are signal nulls used in Radio Direction
Finders work?
a) sharper than maximums
b) sharper than minimums
c) duller than maximums
d) duller than minimums
431. How many are signal nulls in one loop rotation
Radio Direction Finders?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
432. Under what conditions do the horizontal
portions of a loop pick up difference currents in
RDF?
a) ground waves
b) sky waves
c) space waves
d) direct waves
433. The method of balancing a loop used in RDF?
a) Capacitor to ground
b) Capacitor to sense antenna
c) Sense antenna to one side of loop
d) Any of these
434. For what are unidirectional readings used in
loops for RDF?
a) resolve a 180 degrees ambiguity
b) resolve a 90 degrees ambiguity
c) resolve a 360 degrees ambiguity
d) resolve a 270 degrees ambiguity
435. What kind of antenna is a sense antenna used
in RDF?
a) circular
b) vertical
c) horizontal
d) any of these
436. In RDF, what happens to a radio wave path as it
moves outward across a coastline as less than 90
degrees?
a) bends away from the shore
b) travels along the shore
c) bends towards shore
d) travels across the shore
437. What is the result of antenna effect in RDF?
 a) rotated 90 degrees 444. What is the only hand-tuned circuit in the ADF?
b) nulls shift
c) decreases land effect a) 3125-kHz signal local oscillator
d) coastline refraction b) 4125-kHz signal local oscillator
c) 2182-kHz signal local oscillator
438. What is the result of re-radiation of signals in d) 2230-kHz signal local oscillator
RDF?
445. What forms the error signal that actuates the
a) great circle error ADF servo-motor?
b) non-opposite minimums
c) polarization errors a) 75-Hz carrier
d) nulls shifted b) 114-Hz carrier
c) 114-Hz sideband
439. What causes night effect in direction finding? d) 75-Hz sideband

a) ground plus space wave 446. Which ADF antenna is used for manual
b) sky plus space wave operation?
c) ground plus sky waves
d) ground wave alone a) parabolic antenna
b) loop antenna
440. At what time of the day is direction finder c) half-wave dipole
bearings least accurate d) helical antenna

a) sunset 447. Which ADF antenna is used for simple receive

b) sunrise operation?
c) mid-day
d) sunset and sunrise a) loop antenna
b) sense antenna
441. At what angles are quadrantal errors maximum c) quarterwave antenna
in direction finding d) parabolic antenna

a) 45 degrees 448. What is heard by earphones in the ADF?

b) 90 degrees
c) 180 degrees a) 3 kHz beat
d) 270 degrees b) 1 kHz beat
c) 2 kHz beat
442. How are quadrantal errors corrected? d) 5 kHz beat

a) 330 degrees 449. If two bearing are determined from a radio

b) 360 degrees beacon or station over a period of a few minutes,
c) 315 degrees what else must be known to determine the ships
d) 215 degrees position?

443. How is it that none of the 120-550 kHz ADF a) speed

circuits are tuned to the desired station? b) elapses time
c) ships course
a) narrowband amplifiers d) any of these
b) broadband amplifiers
c) IF amplifiers 450. What important point regarding-loop RDF
d) Mixers system maintenance?
 a) insulation at top of loop a. The Faraday effect
b) clean moving contacts b. Ducting
c) oil bearing of loop c. Tropospheric scatter
d) any of these d. Iosnospheric reflection

451. Indicate which of the following frequencies 457. Helical antennas are often used for satellite
cannot be used for reliable beyond-the-horizon tracking at VHF because of
terrestrial communications without repeaters:
a. Troposcatter
a. 20 kHz b. Superrefraction
b. 15 MHz c. Ionospheric refraction
c. 900 MHz d. The Faraday effect
d. 12 GHz
458. _______________ consists basically of a thin
452. A ship-to-ship communications system is film strip in intimate contact with one side of a flat
plagued by fading. The best solution seems to be the dielectric substrate, with a similar thin-film ground
use of plane conductor on the other side of the substrate.

a. A more directional antenna a. Strip line

b. A broadband antenna b. Lecher wire
c. Frequency diversity c. Microstrip
d. Space diversity d. Stub

453. A range of microwave frequencies more easily 459. Waveguide is a

passed by the atmosphere than are the others is
called a a. Device used to determine the wavelength
of a signal
a. Window b. Hollow metal tube used for transmission
b. Critical frequency of microwave energy
c. Gyro frequency range c. Plastic tubular transmission line for high
d. Resonance in the atmosphere RF network
d. Braided wire used for transmission of HF
454. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by
means of 460. Transmission lines which can convey
electromagnetic waves only in higher order modes
a. Ground waves are usually called
b. Sky waves
c. Surface waves a. Coaxial cable
d. Space waves b. Twisted pair
c. Power lines
455. Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in d. Waveguides
the following range:
461. In order to reduce cross-sectional dimensions,
a. HF the waveguide to use is
b. VHF
c. UHF a. Circular
d. VLF b. Ridge
c. Rectangular
456. When microwave signals follow the curvature d. Elliptical
of the earth, this is known as
462. A signal propagated in a waveguide has a full
wave of electric intensity change between the two
farther walls, and no component of the electric field
in the direction of propagation. The mode is
a. TE1,1
b. TE1,0
c. TM2,2
d. TE2,0
463. When a particular mode is excited in a
waveguide, there appears an extra electric
component, in the direction of propagation. The
resulting mode is
a. Transverse electric
b. Transverse magnetic
c. Longitudinal
d. Transverse electromagnetic
464. The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide
a. Is greater than in free space
b. Depends on waveguide dimensions and
free space wavelength
c. Is inversely proportional to the phase
velocity
d. Is directly proportional to the group
velocity
465. When electromagnetic waves are propagated in
a waveguide, they
a. Travel along the broader walls of the
guide
b. Are reflected from walls but not travel
along them
c. Travel through the dielectric without
touching the walls
d. Travel along the 4 walls of the
waveguides
466. When microwave signals follow the curvature
of the earth, this is known as
a. Faraday Effect
b. Deducting
c. Tropospheric Scatter
d. Ionospheric Reflection
467. A waveguide mode in which there is no
component of electric field in the direction of
propagation given in the British European standards.
a. H-mode
b. E-mode
c. TE mode
d. M-mode
468. The extra strength needed in order to assure
that enough signal reaches the receiving antenna
and must be made available to compensate for
fades; computed as the difference between the
received signal strength and the threshold level
a. Fade Margin
b. Threshold Level
c. Noise Figure
d. RSL
469. The use of redundant system to reduce the
effects of multipath fading is
a. Combining
b. Modulation
c. Multiplexing
d. Diversity
470. A profile graph of the microwave energy path
a. Shows the cross section of the earths
surface
b. Determines LOS or site technical
feasibility
c. Determines the actual clearance, antenna
heights and system reliability
d. All of the preceding
471. In locating microwave relay stations, the
systems designer must consider
a. Terrain obstructions and reflection points
b. Site security and navigational hazards
c. Availability of power, water source and
accessible roads
d. All of the above
472. A microwave path over which radio waves
barely touches the obstruction is called
 a. Line of Sight 478. ________________ is a graph wherein the
b. Obstructed Path terrain in which the microwave beam should
c. Grazing Path traverse.
d. Crooked Path
a. Topograph
473. What is the function of regenerative repeater? b. Radio path profile
c. Fresnel graph
a. To eliminate bias distortion d. Net path graph
b. To help in the loading of the telegraphs
lines 479. The Fresnel zone is the circular zone about the
c. To reduce required signal levels _______ path.
d. To reshape the pulses after they have
become distorted a. Reflected
b. Direct
474. A situation when there is no change in c. Diffracted
attenuation or no gain, no loss occurs when d. Refracted
________ % of the first Fresnel radius clears a path
obstruction in microwave systems. 480. The radius in the circular zone is in the first
Fresnel zone when the reflected path is _______
a. 45% longer than the direct path.
b. 60%
c. 75% a. /2
d. 85% b.
c. /4
475. ____________ are concentric circular zones d. /8
about a direct path of a microwave signal called
Huygens radiation center, forming an imaginary 481. At __________ of the first Fresnel zone is a
solid called an ellipsoid __________. condition where there is no gain and no loss.

a. Temperature zone a. 0.5

b. Skip zone b. 0.6
c. Fresnel zone c. 0.7
d. Fraunhoffer zone d. 0.8

476. Waveguides are used mainly for microwave 482. The weakest signal the receiver could accept to
transmission because be considered satisfactory.

a. They depend on straight line propagation a. Threshold

b. Losses are heavy at lower frequencies b. Fade margin
c. They are bulky at lower frequencies c. RSL
d. No generator is powerful enough to d. NPL
excite them
483. The frequency band from 8 to 12 GHz is known
477. A waveguide assembly that lets the radar as the band.
transmitter and receiver share an antenna is called
a. C
a. Translator b. Ku
b. Diplexer c. X
c. Flip-flop d. Ka
d. duplexer
484. The difference between the Received Signal a. Ridge
Level and the FM Improvement Threshold b. Rectangular
c. Tee
a. System Gain d. Twisted
b. Noise Threshold
c. Fade Margin 491. The subscript which indicates the number of
d. Reliability /2 s along the waveguide height.

485. A Fade Margin of 28 dB has a reliability of a. m

b. n
a. 99% c. a
b. 99.9% d. b
c. 99.99%
d. 99.999% 492. The international equivalent of the TE mode

486. Topographical maps are used for microwave a. H

communications systems design because _________ b. E
are shown, thereby elevations are known. c. Z
d. TEM
a. Latitudes
b. Longitudes 493. The smallest free space wavelength that is just
c. Contour lines unable to propagate in the waveguide under given
d. Scales conditions.

487. The dominant mode in a rectangular a. Guide

waveguide. b. Phase
c. Cut-off
a. TEM d. Group
b. TE1,1
c. TE1,0 494. The characteristic wave impedance of a
d. TM1,1 waveguide in the TE mode is _______ that of the TM
mode.
488. The velocity of a resultant wave as it travels
through the waveguide. a. Equal to
b. Higher than
a. Speed of light c. Lower than
b. Group velocity d. NOTA
c. Phase velocity
d. Incident velocity 495. The following are methods of exciting
waveguides except
489. The principal mode for a circular waveguide.
a. Slot coupling
a. TE1,0 b. Antennas
b. TM2,0 c. Flanges
c. TE1,1 d. Direct coupling
d. TEM
496. Higher order mode-waveguides are not used in
490. A type of waveguide that reduces the cutoff practice because they have ______ cut-off
wavelength, increases bandwidth and allows for a frequencies.
variation of the characteristics impedance.
 a. Low 503. Also known as the optical maser
b. High
c. Indeterminate a. Ruby maser
d. Fixed b. LASER
c. Quantum mechanics
497. Indicate which of the following cannot be d. GaAs maser
followed by the word waveguide
504. Paramagnetic means _____________ magnetic
a. Elliptical
b. Flexible a. Almost
c. Coaxial b. Fully
d. Ridged c. Slightly
d. Electro
498. A piston attenuator is a
505. Tuning the ruby maser is done by adjusting the
a. Vane attenuator _________ to alter the energy level of the ferrous
b. Waveguide below cut-off chromium.
c. Mode filter
d. Flap attenuator a. Electric field
b. Magnetic field
499. Which of the following waveguide tuning c. Pumping of electrons
components is not easily adjustable? d. Electromagnetic field

a. Screw 506. To overcome the very narrow bandwidth in

b. Stub ruby maser, _______ is used.
c. Iris
d. Plunger a. Magnetron
b. TWT
500. Which of the following is not a waveguide c. IMPATT diode
termination component? d. Gunn diode

a. Tapered pyramid 507. The following are applications of masers except

b. Post
c. Tapered resistance card a. Radioastronomy
d. Stepped resistance card b. Radiotelescope
c. Radar
501. What microwave component can sample part d. ET communications
of the power travelling through the waveguide?
508. A parametric amplifier is a device which
a. Directional coupler amplifies signal by varying the
b. Magic tee
c. Circulator a. Resistance
d. Re-entrant cavity b. Reactance
c. Magnetic field
502. The following are gases used for LASERs except d. Electric field

a. Helium 509. The following are parts of the parametric

b. Neon amplifier except
c. Argon
d. ruby a. Idling circuit
 b. Pump circuit b. 6.25 GHz
c. Tuned circuit c. 664 MHz
d. Filter circuit d. 57.7 GHz

510. The number of cavities in a magnetron used in 516. Calculate the cut-off wavelength, the guide
practice. wavelength and the characteristic impedance of a
circular waveguide whose internal diameter is 4 cm
a. 4 for a 10 GHz signal propagated in it in the dominant
b. 6 mode. (kr = 1.84)
c. 8
d. 10 a. 6.83 cm, 3 cm, 420
b. 3 cm , 6.83 cm, 420
511. Changing the anode voltage to change the c. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 420
velocity of the electrons in a magnetron tube d. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 338

a. Frequency pushing 517. A wave is propagated in a parallel plane

b. Frequency pulling waveguide. The frequency is 6 GHz and the plane
c. Strapping separation is 3 cm. The cut-off wavelength for the
d. Pumping dominant mode, the group and phase velocities are

512. The lowest frequency that will propagate a. 5 cm, 166 Mm/sec,543 Mn/sec
through the waveguide while operating in a b. 6 cm, 166 Mm/sec,543 Mn/sec
particular mode. c. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec,166 Mn/sec
d. 5 cm, 543 Mm/sec,166 Mn/sec
a. Critical frequency
b. Cut-off frequency 518. If the MTBF of a communication circuit is
c. MUF 20,000 hours and its MTTR is 5 hours, what is its
d. UHF unavailability?

513. The mode of a waveguide where there is no a. 0.00025

component of magnetic field in the direction of b. 99.975%
propagation c. 0.25 %
d. 00.975%
a. TE
b. TM 519. What would be the ERP, in watts if the
c. H transmitter output is 30 dBm and the transmission
d. TEM line loss is 20 dB and the antenna connected to it has
a power gain of 60 dB?
514. The following are slow wave structures used to
retard the RF field in a TWT except a. 10,000 watts
b. 1000 watts
a. Helix c. 100 watts
b. Attenuator d. 10 watts
c. Waveguide coupled cavity
d. NOTA 520. Also referred to as the Transferred Electron
Device
515. A rectangular waveguide is 5.1 cm by 2.4 cm.
The cut-off frequency for the dominant mode is a. Magnetron
b. TWT
a. 2.94 GHz c. Gunn diode
 d. APD a. Step recovery
b. Gunn
521. Also known as the Esaki diode c. APD
d. IMPATT
a. Gunn
b. Tunnel 528. A cross between the TWT and the magnetron in
c. IMPATT its operation
d. PIN diode
a. CFA
522. The following are negative resistance amplifiers b. BWO
except c. EIA
d. Twystron
a. Tunnel
b. Gunn 529. The following are parts of a multicavity klystron
c. IMPATT except
d. PIN diode
a. Buncher cavity
523. Regarded as the oldest semiconductor device b. Catcher cavity
c. Cathode
a. Shottky Barrier diode d. Attenuator
b. PIN diode
c. Point contact diode 530. The very first microwave transistors
d. Triode
a. GaAs FET
524. Also called the hot electron diode b. Si BJT
c. MIC
a. PIN diode d. NOTA
b. ESBAR
c. APD 531. The most common microwave FET which is also
d. Gunn diode known as the MESFET

525. Also called tunnel rectifiers a. Dual GaAs FET

b. Si BJT
a. Backward diode c. MIC
b. Schottky barrier diode d. Schottky Barrier Gate
c. APD
d. PIN diode 532. It looks like a shorter, thicker TWT

526. Varactors are variable __________ diode. a. CFA

b. BWO
a. Reactance c. EIA
b. Capacitance d. Twystron
c. Inductance
d. Resistance 533. A Twystron is a hybrid combination of

527. Diodes designed to store energy in their a. TWT and Magnetron

capacitance during forward bias and generates b. TWT and Klystron
harmonics in the reverse bias. c. TWT and Ubitron
d. TWT and gyrotron
534. A multicavity klystron with interconnected b. BWO
multigap cavities c. CFA
d. TWT
a. TWT
b. Twystron 541. A microwave tube amplifier uses an axial
c. EIA magnetic field and a radial electric field
d. Gyrotron
a. Reflex klystron
535. SAW propagate in b. Coaxial magnetron
c. TW magnetron
a. GaAs d. CFA
b. InP
c. Stripline 542. The attenuator is used in the TWT to
d. Quartz crystal
a. Help bunching
536. The output from a laser is monochromatic; this b. Prevent oscillation
means that it is c. Prevent saturation
d. Increase gain
a. Infrared
b. Narrow beam 543. The glass tube of a TWT may be coated with
c. Polarized aquadag to
d. Single frequency
a. Help focusing
537. The ruby laser differs from the ruby maser in b. Provide attenuation
that the former c. Improve bunching
d. Increase gain
a. Does not require pumping
b. Needs no resonator 544. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to
c. Is an oscillator
d. Produces much lower powers a. Prevent mode jumping
b. Prevent cathode back heating
538. The transmission system using two ground c. Ensure bunching
planes d. Improve the phase focusing effect

a. Microstrip 545. Compared with equivalent transmission lines, 3-

b. Elliptical waveguide GHz waveguides (indicate false statement)
c. Parallel wire line
d. Stripline a. Are less lossy
b. Can carry higher powers
539. A BWO is based on the c. Are less bulky
d. Have lower attenuation
a. Rising sun magnetron
b. CFA 546. Indicate the false statement. When the free-
c. Coaxial magnetron space wavelength of a signal equals the cut-off
d. TWT wavelength of the guide

540. One of the following is unlikely to be used as a a. The group velocity of the signal becomes
pulsed device zero
b. The phase velocity of the signal becomes
a. Multicavity klystron infinite
 c. The characteristic impedance of the guide
becomes infinite
d. The wavelength within the waveguide
becomes infinite

547. A disadvantage of microstrip with respect to

stripline circuits is that the former

a. Do not lend themselves to printed-circuit

techniques
b. Are more likely to radiate
c. Are bulkier
d. Are more expensive and complex to
manufacture

548. In order to couple two generators to a

waveguide system without coupling them to each
other, one could not use a

a. Rat-race
b. E-plane T
c. Hybrid ring
d. Magic T

549. A PIN diode is

a. A metal semiconductor point-contact

diode
b. A microwave mixer diode
c. Often used as a microwave detector
d. Suitable for use as a microwave switch

550. For handling high powers, the best transmission

medium is

a. Stripline
b. Microstrip
c. Rectangular waveguide
d. Coaxial line