Socio-emotional Development in adolescents Rosalinda Mintre/ 1213012013

I. Identity
a. Identity:
i. Its a time of being interested in finding out who one is, what one is all
about, and where one is headed in life.
ii. Identity confusion; this confusion takes one of two courses:
1. The individuals withdraw, isolating themselves from peers and
family
2. They may lose their identity in the crowd
iii. Crisis: the period of identity development during which the adolescent is
choosing among meaningful alternatives.
iv. Commitment: the part of identity development in which adolescents show
a personal investment in what they are going to do.
b. Four stages of identity:
i. Identity diffusion:
1. The status of adolescents who have not yet experienced a crisis or
made any commitments
2. Not only are they undecided about occupational and ideological
choices; they are likely to show little interest in such matters
ii. Identity foreclosure:
1. The status of adolescents who have made a commitment but have
not experienced crisis
2. The adolescents have not had adequate opportunities to explore
different approaches, ideologies, and vocations on their own
iii. Identity moratorium
1. The status of adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, but their
commitments are neither absent or only vaguely defined.
iv. Identity achievement
1. The status of adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have
made a commitment.
c. Developmental changes
i. Young adolescents must establish confidence in parental support, develop
a sense of industry, and gain a self-reflective perspective on their future.
ii. Personal, family, and societal changes are inevitable, and as they occur,
the flexibility and skill required to explore new alternatives and develop
new commitments are likely to facilitate an individuals coping skills.
d. Family influences on identity
i. Democratic parents: encouraging adolescents to participate in family
decision making, foster identity achievement.
ii. Authoritarian parents: controlling adolescents behavior without giving the
adolescent an opportunity to express opinions, encouraging identity fore-
closure.
iii. Permissive parents: providing little guidance to adolescents and allow
them to make their own decisions, promoting identity diffusion
Question:
1. In your opinion, does religion development help the adolescents to achieve their identity?
Why?