Fundamental Constants

Quantity Symbol Approximate Value

Acceleration of free fall g 9.81ms2
(Earths surface)
Gravitational constant G 6.671011 Nm2 kg2

Avogadros constant NA 6.021023 mol1

Gas constant R 8.31JK1mol1

Boltzmanns constant k 1.381023 JK1

StefanBoltzmann 5.67108Wm2K4
constant

Metric (SI) multipliers

Prefix Abbreviation Value
tera T 1012
giga G 109
mega M 106
kilo k 103
hecto h 102
deca da 101
deci d 10-1
centi c 10-2
milli m 10-3
micro 10-6
nano n 10-9
pico p 10-12
femto f 10-15

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Unit Conversions
1 light year (ly) = 9.46*1015 m

1 parsec (pc) = 3.26ly

1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50*1011 m

1 radian (rad) = 1800

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60*106 J

1 atm = 1.01*105 Nm-2 = 101kPa = 760mm Hg

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