Report No.

: Types of Gas Turbine Fuel and

Processes Name: Santiago, Matt Christian S.
Date: Feb. 2 2017 Page No. 1 of 2
Instructor: Engr. Deo Mar O. Dimaculangan Grade: Issue No. 1

TYPES OF TURBINE ENGINES FUEL

Avgas 100LL

Freezing point -58 C

Lead content Max 0.56

Specific Energy 43,5

Flash Point -27(C).

JET A-1 (AVTUR)

Kerosene type

Specific gravity = .8

Medium flash point 38.7C

Waxing point -50C

 JET A KEROSENE TYPE.

Medium flash point

Waxing point -40C

Available only on United States

JET B (AVTAG)

Gasoline/Kerosene mix type fuel

Specific Gravity = 77 at 15C

Low flash point of -20C

Waxing point -60C

Freezing point -60C

This type is not generally used in commercial aircraft

FUEL PRODUCTION

Jet fuel is produced by processes that can be divided into three basic categories. They are
separation process, upgrading process and conversion process.

SEPARATION PROCESS

Separation refers to the process of distillation. Crude oil is heated in a furnace so that
hydrocarbons can be separated via their boiling point. Inside large towers, heated petroleum vapors
are separated into fractions according to weight and boiling point. The lightest fractions, which include
gasoline, rise to the top of the tower before they condense back to liquids. The heaviest fractions will
settle at the bottom because they condense early.
CONVERSION PROCESS

Conversion is simply the process of changing on kind of hydrocarbon into another. Of the, the
desired product is gasoline. Cracking is the process of taking heavier, less valuable fractions of crude
and converting them into lighter products.

CRACKING

Cracking processes break down heavier hydrocarbon molecules (high boiling point oils)
into lighter products such as petrol and diese

ALKYLATION

Alkylation is another common process, which is basically the opposite of cracking. In alkylation,
small gaseous by products are combined to form larger hydrocarbons.

UPGRADING PROCESS

Upgrading processes improved the standard of the fuel by using chemical reactions to remove
any compounds which may give it undesirable qualities.

SWEETENING

Sweetening converts sulphur mercaptans in the fuel into disulfides. Which sulphur
mercaptans is corrosive and have a strong odour, the disulfides are not corrosive and smell is less
strong.