Section 10 1MRS757454 B

Requirements for measurement transformers

A071142 V1 EN

Figure 250: Example of three-stage overcurrent protection

7KHPD[LPXPWKUHHSKDVHIDXOWFXUUHQWLVN$DQGWKHPLQLPXPWKUHHSKDVHVKRUW
FLUFXLWFXUUHQWLVN$7KHDFWXDODFFXUDF\OLPLWIDFWRURIWKH&7LVFDOFXODWHGWR
EH

7KHVWDUWFXUUHQWVHWWLQJIRUORZVHWVWDJH,!LVVHOHFWHGWREHDERXWWZLFHWKH

QRPLQDOFXUUHQWRIWKHFDEOH7KHRSHUDWHWLPHLVVHOHFWHGVRWKDWLWLVVHOHFWLYHZLWKWKH
QH[WSURWHFWLRQUHOD\QRWYLVLEOHLQ)LJXUH7KHVHWWLQJVIRUWKHKLJKVHWVWDJHDQG
LQVWDQWDQHRXVVWDJHDUHGHILQHGDOVRVRWKDWJUDGLQJLVHQVXUHGZLWKWKHGRZQVWUHDP
SURWHFWLRQ,QDGGLWLRQWKHVWDUWFXUUHQWVHWWLQJVKDYHWREHGHILQHGVRWKDWWKH
SURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWHVZLWKWKHPLQLPXPIDXOWFXUUHQWDQGLWGRHVQRWRSHUDWHZLWK
WKHPD[LPXPORDGFXUUHQW7KHVHWWLQJVIRUDOOWKUHHVWDJHVDUHDVLQ)LJXUH

)RUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQSRLQWRIYLHZWKHVXLWDEOHVHWWLQJIRULQVWDQWDQHRXVVWDJH,!!!LQ

WKLVH[DPSOHLV$,Q)RUWKH&7FKDUDFWHULVWLFVSRLQWRIYLHZWKH
FULWHULDJLYHQE\WKHFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVHOHFWLRQIRUPXODLVIXOILOOHGDQGDOVRWKH
SURWHFWLRQUHOD\VHWWLQJLVFRQVLGHUDEO\EHORZWKH)D,QWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQWKH&7UDWHG
EXUGHQFRXOGKDYHEHHQVHOHFWHGPXFKORZHUWKDQ9$IRUHFRQRPLFDOUHDVRQV

10.1.2 Current transformer requirements for differential protection

7KHVHQVLWLYLW\DQGWKHUHOLDELOLW\RIWKHSURWHFWLRQGHSHQGVRQWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI
WKHFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUV7KH&7VPXVWKDYHDQLGHQWLFDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQUDWLR,WLV
UHFRPPHQGHGWKDWDOOWKH&7VKDYHDQLGHQWLFDOFRQVWUXFWLRQVWKDWLVWKH\KDYHDQ
HTXDOEXUGHQDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGDUHRIWKHVDPHW\SHSUHIHUDEO\IURPWKHVDPH
PDQXIDFWXULQJEDWFK,IWKH&7FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGEXUGHQYDOXHVDUHQRWHTXDO
FDOFXODWLRQVIRUHDFKEUDQFKLQWKHVFKHPHVKRXOGEHSHUIRUPHGVHSDUDWHO\DQGWKH
ZRUVWFDVHUHVXOWVVKRXOGEHXVHG,Q)LJXUHWKH&7ZLQGLQJUHVLVWDQFHDQGWKH
EXUGHQRIWKHEUDQFKHVDUHQRWHTXDODQGKHQFHWKHPD[LPXPEXUGHQHTXDOWR
VKRXOGEHXVHGIRUFDOFXODWLQJWKHVWDELOL]HGYROWDJH

496 611 series

Technical Manual
1MRS757454 B Section 10
Requirements for measurement transformers

Incoming feeder

P1 S1 Rin1

P2 S2

Phase A

Phase B
Busbar

Phase C

Rin1 = 1.2
Rin2 = 0.8

Rm1/2
Rm1/2
Rm1 = 2.0
Rm2 = 1.9
P2 S2 Rin2 Rm2/2
Rin1 + Rm1 = 3.2
Rin2 + Rm2 = 2.7
P1 S1

Rs
Ru
Id

Rm2/2

3x required for
three phases
Outgoing feeder

GUID-125D0534-32F1-4E09-8A34-CBF36D547735 V2 EN

Figure 251: High-impedance busbar differential protection with different CT

burden value on each feeder

)LUVWWKHVWDELOL]LQJYROWDJHWKDWLVWKHYROWDJHDSSHDULQJDFURVVWKHPHDVXULQJ
EUDQFKGXULQJWKHRXWRI]RQHIDXOWLVFDOFXODWHGDVVXPLQJWKDWRQHRIWKH&7V
FRQQHFWHGLQSDUDOOHOLVIXOO\VDWXUDWHG7KHVWDELOL]LQJYROWDJHFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ
WKHIRUPXOD

I k max
Us = ( Rin + Rm )
n
*8,'$&('&$'%$%$9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Ikmax the highest through-fault current in primary amps. The highest earth-fault or short circuit current
during the out-of-zone fault.
n the turns ratio of the CT
Rin the secondary winding resistance of the CT in ohms

Rm the total resistance of the secondary circuit wires in ohms

611 series 497

Technical Manual
Section 10 1MRS757454 B
Requirements for measurement transformers

7KHFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVPXVWEHDEOHWRIRUFHHQRXJKFXUUHQWWRRSHUDWHWKH
SURWHFWLRQUHOD\WKURXJKWKHGLIIHUHQWLDOFLUFXLWGXULQJDIDXOWFRQGLWLRQLQVLGHWKH
SURWHFWLRQ]RQH7RHQVXUHWKLVWKHNQHHSRLQWYROWDJH8NQPXVWEHDWOHDVWWZRWLPHV
KLJKHUWKDQWKHVWDELOL]LQJYROWDJH8V

7KHUHTXLUHGNQHHSRLQWYROWDJH8NQRIWKHFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHULVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKH
IRUPXOD
U kn 2 U s
*8,'))$%'%))%9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Ukn the knee point voltage

Us the stabilizing voltage

7KHIDFWRUWZRLVXVHGZKHQDGHOD\LQWKHRSHUDWLQJWLPHRIWKHSURWHFWLRQLVQRW
DFFHSWDEOH7RSUHYHQWWKHNQHHSRLQWYROWDJHIURPULVLQJWRRKLJK&7VZLWKWKH
VHFRQGDU\ZLQGLQJUHVLVWDQFHVDPHDVWKHUHVLVWDQFHRIWKHPHDVXULQJORRSVKRXOGEH
XVHG

$VWKHLPSHGDQFHRIWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\LVORZDVWDELOL]LQJUHVLVWRULVQHHGHG7KH
YDOXHRIWKHVWDELOL]LQJUHVLVWRULVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHIRUPXOD
Us
Rs =
I rs
*8,'($)(%&(%')$)$()9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Rs the resistance of the stabilizing resistor

Us the stabilizing voltage of the protection relay

Irs the value of the Operate value setting in secondary amps

7KHVWDELOL]LQJUHVLVWRUVKRXOGEHFDSDEOHWRGLVVLSDWHKLJKHQHUJ\ZLWKLQDYHU\VKRUW
WLPHWKHUHIRUHDZLUHZRXQGW\SHUHVLVWRUPXVWEHXVHG7KHPLQLPXPUDWHGSRZHU
VKRXOGEHDIHZWHQVRIZDWWVEHFDXVHRIWKHSRVVLEOH&7LQDFFXUDF\ZKLFKPLJKWFDXVH
VRPHFXUUHQWWKURXJKWKHVWDELOL]LQJUHVLVWRULQDQRUPDOORDGVLWXDWLRQ

,I8NQLVKLJKRU8VLVORZDUHVLVWRUZLWKDKLJKHUSRZHUUDWLQJLVQHHGHG2IWHQWKH
UHVLVWRUPDQXIDFWXUHUVDOORZWLPHVWKHUDWHGSRZHUIRUVHFRQGV7KXVWKHSRZHU
RIWKHUHVLVWRUFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHIRUPXOD
2
U kn
Rs 10
*8,'&&$%)&)'%)&(&(9(1 (TXDWLRQ

7KHDFWXDOVHQVLWLYLW\RIWKHSURWHFWLRQLVDIIHFWHGE\WKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\VHWWLQJWKH
PDJQHWL]LQJFXUUHQWVRIWKH&7VFRQQHFWHGLQSDUDOOHODQGWKHVKXQWLQJHIIHFWRIWKH

498 611 series

Technical Manual
1MRS757454 B Section 10
Requirements for measurement transformers

YROWDJHGHSHQGHQWUHVLVWRU9'57KHYDOXHRIWKHSULPDU\FXUUHQW,SULPDWZKLFKWKH

SURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWHVDWDFHUWDLQVHWWLQJFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHIRUPXOD

I prim = n ( I rs + Iu + m I m )
*8,'$%&$')%''$'9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Iprim the primary current at which the protection is to start

n the turn ratio of the current transformer

Irs the value of the Operate value setting

Iu the leakage current flowing through the VDR at the Us voltage

m the number of current transformers included in the protection per phase

Im the magnetizing current per current transformer at the Us voltage

7KH,HYDOXHJLYHQLQPDQ\FDWDORJVLVWKHH[FLWDWLRQFXUUHQWDWWKHNQHHSRLQWYROWDJH
Ie
Im
$VVXPLQJ8NQ8VWKHYDOXHRI 2 JLYHVDQDSSUR[LPDWHYDOXHIRU(TXDWLRQ


7KHVHOHFWLRQRIFXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRSURFHGXUHV
 7KHUDWHGFXUUHQW,QRIWKHIHHGHUVKRXOGEHNQRZQ7KHYDOXHRI,QDOVRDIIHFWV
KRZKLJK,NPD[LV
 7KHUDWHGSULPDU\FXUUHQW,QRIWKH&7PXVWEHKLJKHUWKDQWKHUDWHGFXUUHQWRI
WKHIHHGHU
7KHFKRLFHRIWKH&7DOVRVSHFLILHV5LQ
 7KHUHTXLUHG8NQLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ(TXDWLRQ,I8NQRIWKH&7LVQRWKLJK
HQRXJKHQRXJKDQRWKHU&7KDVWREHVHOHFWHG7KHYDOXHRI8NQLVJLYHQE\WKH
PDQXIDFWXUHULQWKHFDVHRI&ODVV;FXUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUVRULWFDQEHHVWLPDWHG
XVLQJ(TXDWLRQ
 7KHVHQVLWLYLW\,SULPLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ(TXDWLRQ,IWKHDFKLHYHGVHQVLWLYLW\LV
VXIILFLHQWWKHSUHVHQW&7LVFKRVHQ,IDEHWWHUVHQVLWLYLW\LVQHHGHGD&7ZLWKD
ELJJHUFRUHLVFKRVHQ

,IRWKHUWKDQ&ODVV;&7VDUHXVHGDQHVWLPDWHIRU8NQLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHHTXDWLRQ

611 series 499

Technical Manual
Section 10 1MRS757454 B
Requirements for measurement transformers

S
U kn = 0.8 Fn I 2 n Rin + 2n
I 2 n

*8,'$)$(%(9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Fn the rated accuracy limit factor corresponding to the rated burden Sn

I2n the rated secondary current of the CT

Rin the secondary internal resistance of the CT

Sn the volt-amp rating of the CT

7KHIRUPXODVDUHEDVHGRQVHOHFWLQJWKH&7VDFFRUGLQJWR(TXDWLRQ
UHVXOWVLQDQDEVROXWHO\VWDEOHVFKHPH,QVRPHFDVHVLWLVSRVVLEOH
WRDFKLHYHVWDELOLW\ZLWKWKHNQHHSRLQWYROWDJHVORZHUWKDQVWDWHGLQ
WKHIRUPXODV7KHFRQGLWLRQVLQWKHQHWZRUNKRZHYHUPXVWEHNQRZQ
ZHOOHQRXJKWRHQVXUHWKHVWDELOLW\
 ,I8NQ8VIDVWHUSURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWLRQVDUHVHFXUH
 ,I8NQ8VDQG8VSURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWLRQFDQEH
VOLJKWO\SURORQJHGDQGVKRXOGEHVWXGLHGFDVHE\FDVH
,I8NQ8VWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWLRQLVMHRSDUGL]HG
$QRWKHU&7KDVWREHFKRVHQ

7KHQHHGIRUWKH9'5GHSHQGVRQFHUWDLQFRQGLWLRQV

)LUVWYROWDJH8PD[LJQRULQJWKH&7VDWXUDWLRQGXULQJWKHIDXOWLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKH
IRUPXOD

I k max in I
U max = ( Rin + Rm + Rs ) k max in Rs
n n
*8,'&%&$&'&%%'&(9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Ikmaxin the maximum fault current inside the zone in primary amps

n the turns ratio of the CT

Rin the internal resistance of the CT in ohms

Rm the resistance of the longest loop of the CT secondary circuit in ohms

Rs the resistance of the stabilized resistor in ohms

1H[WWKHSHDNYROWDJHZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKH&7VDWXUDWLRQLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKH
IRUPXODJLYHQE\30DWKHZV

2 2U kn U max  U kn 
*8,')%(&')$&&((&&9(1 (TXDWLRQ

Ukn the knee point voltage of the CT

500 611 series

Technical Manual
1MRS757454 B Section 10
Requirements for measurement transformers

7KH9'5LVUHFRPPHQGHGZKHQWKHSHDNYROWDJHN9ZKLFKLVWKHLQVXODWLRQ
OHYHOIRUZKLFKWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\LVWHVWHG

7KHPD[LPXPIDXOWFXUUHQWLQFDVHRIDIDXOWLQVLGHWKH]RQHLVFRQVLGHUHGWREH
N$LQSULPDU\&7LVRI$UDWLRQ NQHHSRLQWYROWDJHLV9DQGWKH
VWDELOL]LQJUHVLVWRULV2KPV

12600 A
U max = 330 = 17325 V
240
*8,'%$$%)($)(%(9(1 (TXDWLRQ

u = 2 2 81 (17325 81) 3.34kV
*8,'%$&(('&$$%9(1 (TXDWLRQ

$VWKHSHDNYROWDJHLVN99'5PXVWEHXVHG,IWKH5VLVVPDOOHU9'5FRXOGEH
DYRLGHG+RZHYHUWKHYDOXHRI5VGHSHQGVRQWKHRSHUDWLRQFXUUHQWDQGVWDELOL]LQJ
YROWDJHRIWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\7KXVHLWKHUDKLJKHUVHWWLQJVKRXOGEHXVHGRUWKH
VWDELOL]LQJYROWDJHVKRXOGEHORZHUHG

$VWKHSHDNYROWDJH N99'5PXVWEHXVHG,IWKH5VLVVPDOOHU9'5FDQEH
DYRLGHG

7KHYDOXHRI5VGHSHQGVRQWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\RSHUDWLQJFXUUHQWDQGWKHVWDELOL]LQJ
YROWDJH7KHUHIRUHHLWKHUDKLJKHUVHWWLQJLQWKHSURWHFWLRQUHOD\RUDORZHUVWDELOL]LQJ
YROWDJHPXVWEHXVHG

611 series 501

Technical Manual