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Migrating Macro Cell Antenna

Systems to LTE Advanced


Antenna Systems 2013
December 13, 2013
Las Vegas, NV

Keith Radousky
CTO Americas
Agenda

Wireless Subscribers Ravenous for More Bits!

More Spectrum

Carriers are Scrambling to Deploy Add Capacity

Deploying Small Cells/DAS vs. Increasing Macrocell Capacity

Quintel Overview MultiPort Antennas and Passive Beamsterring

LTE Advanced - 2Tx-2Rx to 8Tx-8Rx

Tower-top Evolution - Active, Integrated and Passive Antennas

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
The Capacity Crunch
How do we
The Capacity crunch
close the gap?
We are all aware of it
By 2025 there may be 50x, 500x increase?

How is it solved?
More Spectrum (~3x increase by 2025)
More Spectral Efficient access tech (~3x increase by
2025)
More Spectral re-use/denser topologies (~?x increase)
Pricing mechanisms

Small Cells are the acknowledged answer in the


form of DAS, Femtos, Picos, etc and part of a
Source: Verizon
HetNet.
Shannons Limit has
essentially been reached;
this is all Spatial But the Macro Layer wont be replaced by Small
Multiplexing/MIMO Cell Layer, so how can the Macro layer evolve
and be prepared for the Capacity crunch?

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Cellular Mobile Spectrum Evolution

2500

2600
2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2700
1000

1700

1800

1900
1400

1600
800
400

500

600

700

900
GSM/GPRS/EDGE 1990

U900 to
GSM-R
1998 Receive Div. Only
UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+

Airport
2004 Radar
LTE
LTE FDD Rel 8/9/10/11 to
CH60 FDD
2012 - 2x2 MIMO and Tx Div.
TDD
TD-LTE Rel 8/9/10/11 DTV
Radio GPS 4x4 MIMO, CoMP.
Mics 2016 Azimuth Beamforming

White Space/Interleaved
Spectrum 8x8 MIMO, CoMP, ICIC.
2020 Elevation Beamforming
Azimuth Beamforming

More and more spectrum bands becoming available


Re-farming of existing spectrum
Creation of more and more Inter-System boundaries (and of dissimilar network topologies)
Wider bandwidth Transmissions, with increased spectral occupancy (1:1 spectrum re-use schemes)
Creates more Inter-System Interference issues to deal with
Creates more Intra-System Interference issues too, via Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM)

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
How the Base Station Antenna has evolved

Source: 3G Americas; 3G & 4G Antenna Deployment


2012?
Point of Flux:
Reconfigurable?
Active?
Adaptive?

More Bands?

Multi-Port
Spectral and
Space
Efficiency
Mutually
Exclusive
Combiners

Multi-array

Spectral Efficiency Techniques


Space Efficiency Techniques

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
MIMO Spectral Efficiency Evolution in LTE

2x2 Single User MIMO 1.4 Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)


JT: Joint Transmission (Multi-Cell Tx)
CS/CB: Co-ordinated Scheduling & Beamforming
R8 number
of
average
relative
small
relativ
cross-polarized antenna sources gain gain
CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 1 Cell avg 1.46% 1.
Cell-edge 2.86% 2.
CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 5 Cell avg 5.65% 1.
2012 2x2 Multi User MIMO 1.8 2.3 Cell-edge 16.68% 3.
CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 3.71% 1.
Cell-edge 5.17% 4.
> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 0.86% -0.
Dual Layer Beamforming (R9) Cell-edge 15.21% 13.
Azimuth Plane Coherent CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 3.63% -0.
R9 Beamforming > 9 cells
Cell-edge
2 Cell avg
11.66%
1.09%
2.
-1.
Cell-edge 17.32% 13.
JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.19% 0.
Cell-edge 14.80% 11.
JT SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 3.57% -3.
4x2 Single User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP) Cell-edge 21.78% 6.
2015 2.5 2.7 3.5 JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 4.07% -5.
Cell-edge 40.72% 9.
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 3.57% 3.
Tx1 Cell-edge 18.57% 18.
Higher-order JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 8.70% -8.

Tx2 Azimuth Plane 3GPP Study item in release 11 LTE Cell-edge 31.35% 10.
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 6.86% 6.
R10 Coherent Cell-edge 18.18% 18.

Beamforming 3GPP TR 36.819


DCS SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 V11.0.0 (2011-09)
9 cells 2 Cell avg 1.69% 0.
number Cell-edge average
2.01% smal0.
captures
DCS SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. these9simulation
SU-MIMO 4x2 cells results.
of 1 Cell avg 18.33% relati
relative 18.
ULA sources Cell-edge gain41.04% gain
41.
CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.03% 2
CoMP/ICIC techniques in particular Cell-edge 4.42% 2

2018 4x2 Multi User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP) CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO
improve 4x2edge
cell 9 cellsperformances.
4 Cell avg 5.32% 2
Cell-edge 20.64% 5
CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.07% 2
3.0 3.4 4.0 Slow but steady evolution in Spectral Cell-edge 8.93% 4
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 5.66% 5
Tx1 Efficiencies, at the expense of Cell-edge 25.08% 25
CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells
complexity. 6 Cell avg 4.12% 1
Cell-edge 12.22% 5
R11 Tx2 > 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.29% -0
Cell-edge 21.76% 21
JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.55% -1
Cell-edge 19.84% 12
Emphasis on UE JT SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.12% -1
Cell-edge 13.49% 9
only having 2x
JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 13.53% 3
Antennas Cell-edge 40.50% 20
JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 11.40% -1
Cell-edge 28.87% 9
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg -9.15% -9
Quintel Confidential.
Cell-edge 34.34% 34
What is an Active Antenna? What is an Active Antenna?
Integrated RRH/Passive
Integrated RRH/ Distributed Distributed Transceivers Antenna
Passive Antenna Amplifiers with Sub-Array
Possibly with some level of
redundancy
Distributed Amplifiers
Distribution Network
Distribution Network

1 amplifier per element


Distributed Tranceivers with
Sub-Array
1 amplifier per element pair (or
more)
Active/Passive Combinations

Integrated RRH/Passive Distributed Transceivers


Antenna (with Quintel inside) with Sub-Array (with Quintel inside)

Quintel offers the Quintel combined with Distributed


Quintel Corporate Feed
Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


Quintel Corporate Feed
capability to Transceivers can increase tilt
integrate with a range 2 3 times over differential
- 4T4R RRH, or input
- External RRH, or
- Ground based eNB

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Antenna Hardware Evolution?

Active Adaptive Innovation:


There are Active Antennas which are purely active, offering 1x
Antenna Quintel
box at the top of the mast.

Then, theres a roadmap for Active Antennas which also will

Quintel Corporate Feed


Baseband/DAC/RF Stages

promise adaption of the (vertical) beam pattern on a per


Physical Resource Block (PRB) or user resolution basis.

The latter being a focus of a lot of OEM vendors right now; fits
BB-RF
with slim line antennas for Western markets.

Dual-PA
IRU Quintel are offering a complimentary solution delivering smart
(adaptive) coherent Beamforming in radio channels where full
complex vector control of each antenna element isnt
Optical Fibre

necessary.
Optical Fibre

Baseband Baseband
Server Server

Multi-Band Capable
Offers Active/Smart
antenna type features
Completely Passive Full Complex vector control at
each element
(Fully Active Adaptive Array)
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Privately held spin out from QinetiQ UK (formerly the UK Defence Research Agency)

Over 100 patents globally

HQ in Rochester, NY, USA

Additional R&D centre in California, and sales offices in UK (EMEA) and Mumbai

Shipping innovative product for over 5 years with 6 operators and 3 continents

MultiServTM Product Family SONWavTM Product Family


Multiband/Multi-Port Antenna Products Passive Beamforming Antenna Products

Space Efficient Mast Solutions Spectrally Efficient Mast Solutions


PIM Efficient Solutions

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
How Quintel QTiltTM Technology Works

Standard VET Antenna Quintel VET Principle Quintel VET Principle (2x Tilts)
Power Dividing Network

Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


+45

Network (+45o)

Network (+45o)
PCS

19
A
+45
AWS

19
A
Phase slope Single Phase Phase slope
Actuator across array Difference across array
(q to +q ) (f to +f ) (q to +q )

AWS
Min Tilt Min Tilt PCS
Mid Tilt Mid Tilt
Max Tilt Max Tilt
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx

Base Station Base Station PCS AWS

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
TODAY - Two Antenna/Sector Sites Add LTE 2T4R 700/AWS
2G/3G Independent Tilt with Spatial/Polar Diversity

QS6658-1
Tilt per Band 700/AWS
Tilt per Pol 850/1900

19 8 19 8 19 8 19 8

19 8 19 8 Fiber 19 8 19 8
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

GSM1900 GSM850 LTE AWS LTE 700 UMTS1900 UMTS850

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
4-Port Beamforming

Tx Pattern Logically
Equivalent
CLA-2X Tx Pattern
4-Port
Dual X-Polar
Antenna sonWav
Adaptive (per UE)
Rx Patterns
Adaptive (per UE)
Rx Patterns
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Rx

Rx

Rx

Rx
2T4R 2T4R

S S
4x Rx Branches at Baseband 4x Rx Branches at Baseband
MRC or IRC (per user) MRC or IRC (per user)

Crude Azimuthal Beamforming Elevation Beamforming (Tilting)

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Uplink throughput for Azimuth (CLA-2X) and
Elevation (Quintel) plane adaptive Beamsteering

Quintel technology has developed a novel antenna design which effectively introduces a new
4x port Base Station antenna option for consideration. It is logically the same as the CLA-2X
antenna configuration but performs coherent Beamsteering on a per UE or UE group basis in
the Elevation plane, rather than Azimuth plane, and is based on a completely passive
traditional column array, rather than an Active phased Array solution.

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
A Solution for Spectral Efficiency
SONWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Uplink only)
Connecting a 2T4R Base Station as shown with 4-way
Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC), rather than usual 2-
Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


way MRC.
Networks

Network (+45o)

Network (-45o)
MRC algorithm simply applies weights and phase
delays to the 4x Rx inputs to maximize C/I, and will do
Dynamic this on a per channel (per user) basis at baseband.
(adaptive) tilting
(per user) for
LTE Uplink
Independent
Applying phase delays to within each of the Rx
Shifters

T R T R T R T R
Phase

Static Tilt for differential pairs is simply creating a coherent beam


LTE Downlink (tilt) toward/from each user/terminal, and then applying
T R T R phase/weights between +45 and -45 is then standard
+45 2-way Rx diversity.
-45

T R T R

LTE Uplink (Adaptive)


LTE Downlink

RxD4 RxD3

4-Way S
Tx/Rx1 Tx/Rx2 MRC

LTE eNB (2T/4R


Configuration)

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved. Spectral Efficiency Techniques


Quintel Confidential.
A Solution for Spectral Efficiency
SONWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Up & Downlink)
Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


Interference
Networks

Network (+45o)

Network (-45o)
UE
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE
+45A +45B -45A -45B LTE 2GHz/20MHz 2x2 Config
LTE (10MHz) Throughput vs. Distance Scatter Plot (Central Cells/Int Tilts)
Flat Earth 3x19 cell geometry
(Mech Tilt = 3o, Elec Tilt=2o, Bin Size = 10m,
(25mBoresight 30o) Radii)
+/- Cell
Ht x 500m
Sites without Traffic EDT=7 Monte-Carlo Simulation
Spatial Multiplexing Mbps (y) vs. Dist in m (x)
60
up to Rank 2 across Blue No Elevation BF
+45 and -45 BF pairs Red With Elevation BF
Beamforming 50
in Elevation
Throughput (Mbps)
LTE (R9+)
across each 4T4R 40
A&B ports Original Throu
Optimised Thr
30

20

10
4T4R eNodeB
(giving adaptive coherent 0
Beamforming) 0 100 200 300 400 500

Distance (m)
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
First Operator SONWav Trials
Shows 30% LTE Uplink Throughput gains

SONWav demonstrated ~30%


increase in Uplink throughput gains
on average and ~80% cell edge gains

Same size antenna array


AWS Band/10MHz LTE
Single North American Op
X-Polar X-Polar
Array 2T2R
AWS Band (2100/1700MHz) SONWav

Trial Sites ~28m and 30m Heights

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Inter Site Distance ~1.1km

Rx

Rx
2T2R Two Sectors facing each other tested 2T4R

LTE service tested

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Second Operator SONWav Trials (MU-MIMO)
Shows 35% LTE Uplink Throughput gains

Static UE Static UE Static UE

Static UE Static UE Static UE

Static UE Static UE Static UE


Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Second Operator SONWav Trials (Inter-Cell Rejection)
Shows 80% LTE Uplink Throughput gains at Cell Edges

Static UE Static UE
Static UE

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna
Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming
SONWav supports existing 2T2R services using
RET, with Quintels MultiServTM technology
Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


Networks

SONWav supports 4T4R Base Stations for future


Network (+45o)

Network (-45o)

LTE Downlink Adaptive Beamforming
Transmission Modes.
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE700 Example left illustrates both a 4T4R base
Shifters

8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7
Phase

RET for 850 station plus legacy 2T2R base station to


deliver:
+45 -45 Conventional RET based tilt for UMTS 850 services

SONWav Beamforming in elevation for LTE700

2xTx/Rx 4xTx/Rx
Spectral Efficiency Techniques
And
Space Efficiency Techniques
UMTS 850 LTE700
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna
Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming
One 4T4R plus one 2T2R base station
example shown
Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed

Quintel Corporate Feed


Networks


Network (+45o)

Quintel advantage is that a single column array lends itself

Network (-45o)
to dual-array (dual-band) topology readily. A side-by-side
column array (conventional Azimuthal Beamforming) may
prove difficult to make dual-band.
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE800 Quintel can also offer our conventional independent (static)
Shifters

9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8
Phase

RET for 900


tilt for legacy services as illustrated left, as per our
MultiServ product approach.

+45 -45
Potentially, beamforming in elevation could prove more
effective than beamforming in Azimuth, due to the fact
interference comes from one direction (the horizon) rather
than multiple directions as in Azimuth.

2xTx/Rx 4xTx/Rx
Spectral Efficiency Techniques
And
Space Efficiency Techniques
GSM900, UMTS900 LTE800

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Roadmap to 8T8R
2 X-POL Antennas with SONWavTM Too Wide, even at
0.5l spacing?
CLA-2X
+
SONWavTM

+ = 1x El null
Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Rx

Rx

Rx

Rx

8T8R
4T4R 4T4R 8T8R

Dual X-Polar Dual X-Polar


SONWavTM SONWavTM 1x Az null
4T4R 4T4R

Standard <300mm (12) Wide Form Factor; doesnt have to be 0.5l array column spacing
SONWavTM gives close in Null Fill effect = coverage and performance close to cell site
Ideal for TD-LTE applications and offers promise of a higher gain BCH
Flexible to provide additional bands (i.e. Lowband Array and/or 2nd Highband via MultiServ)
Practical, near term solution
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Antenna Innovation
What could be achieved?

Multi dimensional applications covering


Optimisation of different access technologies in same freq band
Optimising individual RF channels within same standard
Enhancing cell throughput on network or cluster basis.

Elevation Beamforming

Spectral Efficiency
Techniques

Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.


Quintel Confidential.
Thank You!
Keith Radousky
404-520-8206
keith.radousky@quintelsolutions.com

When wireless is pushed to the limit


the answer isnt more of the same

The answer is
more innovation
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.

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