Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Keith Radousky
CTO Americas
Agenda
More Spectrum
How is it solved?
More Spectrum (~3x increase by 2025)
More Spectral Efficient access tech (~3x increase by
2025)
More Spectral re-use/denser topologies (~?x increase)
Pricing mechanisms
2500
2600
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2700
1000
1700
1800
1900
1400
1600
800
400
500
600
700
900
GSM/GPRS/EDGE 1990
U900 to
GSM-R
1998 Receive Div. Only
UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+
Airport
2004 Radar
LTE
LTE FDD Rel 8/9/10/11 to
CH60 FDD
2012 - 2x2 MIMO and Tx Div.
TDD
TD-LTE Rel 8/9/10/11 DTV
Radio GPS 4x4 MIMO, CoMP.
Mics 2016 Azimuth Beamforming
White Space/Interleaved
Spectrum 8x8 MIMO, CoMP, ICIC.
2020 Elevation Beamforming
Azimuth Beamforming
More Bands?
Multi-Port
Spectral and
Space
Efficiency
Mutually
Exclusive
Combiners
Multi-array
Tx2 Azimuth Plane 3GPP Study item in release 11 LTE Cell-edge 31.35% 10.
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 6.86% 6.
R10 Coherent Cell-edge 18.18% 18.
2018 4x2 Multi User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP) CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO
improve 4x2edge
cell 9 cellsperformances.
4 Cell avg 5.32% 2
Cell-edge 20.64% 5
CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.07% 2
3.0 3.4 4.0 Slow but steady evolution in Spectral Cell-edge 8.93% 4
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 5.66% 5
Tx1 Efficiencies, at the expense of Cell-edge 25.08% 25
CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells
complexity. 6 Cell avg 4.12% 1
Cell-edge 12.22% 5
R11 Tx2 > 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.29% -0
Cell-edge 21.76% 21
JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.55% -1
Cell-edge 19.84% 12
Emphasis on UE JT SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.12% -1
Cell-edge 13.49% 9
only having 2x
JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 13.53% 3
Antennas Cell-edge 40.50% 20
JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 11.40% -1
Cell-edge 28.87% 9
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
> 9 cells 1 Cell avg -9.15% -9
Quintel Confidential.
Cell-edge 34.34% 34
What is an Active Antenna? What is an Active Antenna?
Integrated RRH/Passive
Integrated RRH/ Distributed Distributed Transceivers Antenna
Passive Antenna Amplifiers with Sub-Array
Possibly with some level of
redundancy
Distributed Amplifiers
Distribution Network
Distribution Network
The latter being a focus of a lot of OEM vendors right now; fits
BB-RF
with slim line antennas for Western markets.
Dual-PA
IRU Quintel are offering a complimentary solution delivering smart
(adaptive) coherent Beamforming in radio channels where full
complex vector control of each antenna element isnt
Optical Fibre
necessary.
Optical Fibre
Baseband Baseband
Server Server
Multi-Band Capable
Offers Active/Smart
antenna type features
Completely Passive Full Complex vector control at
each element
(Fully Active Adaptive Array)
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Privately held spin out from QinetiQ UK (formerly the UK Defence Research Agency)
Additional R&D centre in California, and sales offices in UK (EMEA) and Mumbai
Shipping innovative product for over 5 years with 6 operators and 3 continents
Standard VET Antenna Quintel VET Principle Quintel VET Principle (2x Tilts)
Power Dividing Network
Network (+45o)
Network (+45o)
PCS
19
A
+45
AWS
19
A
Phase slope Single Phase Phase slope
Actuator across array Difference across array
(q to +q ) (f to +f ) (q to +q )
AWS
Min Tilt Min Tilt PCS
Mid Tilt Mid Tilt
Max Tilt Max Tilt
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
QS6658-1
Tilt per Band 700/AWS
Tilt per Pol 850/1900
19 8 19 8 19 8 19 8
19 8 19 8 Fiber 19 8 19 8
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx Pattern Logically
Equivalent
CLA-2X Tx Pattern
4-Port
Dual X-Polar
Antenna sonWav
Adaptive (per UE)
Rx Patterns
Adaptive (per UE)
Rx Patterns
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
2T4R 2T4R
S S
4x Rx Branches at Baseband 4x Rx Branches at Baseband
MRC or IRC (per user) MRC or IRC (per user)
Quintel technology has developed a novel antenna design which effectively introduces a new
4x port Base Station antenna option for consideration. It is logically the same as the CLA-2X
antenna configuration but performs coherent Beamsteering on a per UE or UE group basis in
the Elevation plane, rather than Azimuth plane, and is based on a completely passive
traditional column array, rather than an Active phased Array solution.
Network (+45o)
Network (-45o)
MRC algorithm simply applies weights and phase
delays to the 4x Rx inputs to maximize C/I, and will do
Dynamic this on a per channel (per user) basis at baseband.
(adaptive) tilting
(per user) for
LTE Uplink
Independent
Applying phase delays to within each of the Rx
Shifters
T R T R T R T R
Phase
T R T R
RxD4 RxD3
4-Way S
Tx/Rx1 Tx/Rx2 MRC
Network (+45o)
Network (-45o)
UE
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE
+45A +45B -45A -45B LTE 2GHz/20MHz 2x2 Config
LTE (10MHz) Throughput vs. Distance Scatter Plot (Central Cells/Int Tilts)
Flat Earth 3x19 cell geometry
(Mech Tilt = 3o, Elec Tilt=2o, Bin Size = 10m,
(25mBoresight 30o) Radii)
+/- Cell
Ht x 500m
Sites without Traffic EDT=7 Monte-Carlo Simulation
Spatial Multiplexing Mbps (y) vs. Dist in m (x)
60
up to Rank 2 across Blue No Elevation BF
+45 and -45 BF pairs Red With Elevation BF
Beamforming 50
in Elevation
Throughput (Mbps)
LTE (R9+)
across each 4T4R 40
A&B ports Original Throu
Optimised Thr
30
20
10
4T4R eNodeB
(giving adaptive coherent 0
Beamforming) 0 100 200 300 400 500
Distance (m)
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
First Operator SONWav Trials
Shows 30% LTE Uplink Throughput gains
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Rx
Rx
2T2R Two Sectors facing each other tested 2T4R
Static UE Static UE
Static UE
Network (-45o)
LTE Downlink Adaptive Beamforming
Transmission Modes.
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE700 Example left illustrates both a 4T4R base
Shifters
8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7
Phase
2xTx/Rx 4xTx/Rx
Spectral Efficiency Techniques
And
Space Efficiency Techniques
UMTS 850 LTE700
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna
Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming
One 4T4R plus one 2T2R base station
example shown
Corporate Feed
Network (+45o)
Network (-45o)
to dual-array (dual-band) topology readily. A side-by-side
column array (conventional Azimuthal Beamforming) may
prove difficult to make dual-band.
Dynamic
Beamform/Tilting
for LTE800 Quintel can also offer our conventional independent (static)
Shifters
9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8
Phase
+45 -45
Potentially, beamforming in elevation could prove more
effective than beamforming in Azimuth, due to the fact
interference comes from one direction (the horizon) rather
than multiple directions as in Azimuth.
2xTx/Rx 4xTx/Rx
Spectral Efficiency Techniques
And
Space Efficiency Techniques
GSM900, UMTS900 LTE800
+ = 1x El null
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
8T8R
4T4R 4T4R 8T8R
Standard <300mm (12) Wide Form Factor; doesnt have to be 0.5l array column spacing
SONWavTM gives close in Null Fill effect = coverage and performance close to cell site
Ideal for TD-LTE applications and offers promise of a higher gain BCH
Flexible to provide additional bands (i.e. Lowband Array and/or 2nd Highband via MultiServ)
Practical, near term solution
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.
Antenna Innovation
What could be achieved?
Elevation Beamforming
Spectral Efficiency
Techniques
The answer is
more innovation
Copyright 2013 Quintel. All rights reserved.
Quintel Confidential.