AS/NZS 1400:1997

Australian/New Zealand Standard

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Heavy-duty alkaline detergents for

in-place cleaning in dairy factories
 AS/NZS 1400:1997

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical

Committee FT/9, Dairy Detergents and Sanitizers. It was approved on behalf of the
Council of Standards Australia on 1 August 1997 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 16 June 1997. It was published on 5 September 1997.

The following interests are represented on Committee FT/9:

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association
Australian Dairy Farmers Federation
Dairy Industry Association of Australia
Dairy Industry Authority of Western Australia
Department of Primary Industries, Queensland
Dunsmore Hygiene Consultancy
Food Technology Association of Victoria
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N.S.W. Dairy Corporation

Victorian Dairy Industry Authority
National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals

Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue
of amendments or new editions as necessary.It is important therefore that Standards users
ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards
Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazines The Australian Standard and Standards
New Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new
publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96351.

 AS/NZS 1400:1997

Australian/New Zealand Standard

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Heavy-duty alkaline detergents for

in-place cleaning in dairy factories

Originated in Australia as AS 1400 1972.

Previous edition AS 1400 1981.
Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 1400:1997.

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia
STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 1391 2
 AS/NZS 1400:1997 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand
Committee FT/9, Dairy Detergents and Sanitizers.
The Committee recommended a new edition with minor changes to supersede
AS 1400 1981. It is one of a number of Standards dealing with dairy detergents and
sanitizers. These Standards include AS 2541 1982, Guide to the cleaning-in-place of
dairy factory equipment , AS 1162 1991, Cleaning and sanitizing dairy factory
equipment and AS 1536 1991, Cleaning and sanitizing milking equipment, which should
be consulted in relation to the proper usage of the detergents and sanitizers specified in
the product specifications.
The objective of this revision is to maintain the established Standard, which specifies
requirements for heavy-duty alkaline detergents. This detergent is used to clean alkali-
resistant flexible connections in the dairy processing equipment.
The term normative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the
appendix to which it applies. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard.
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Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/ STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

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 3 AS/NZS 1400:1997

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 GENERAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 SOLUBILITY IN WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6 ALKALINITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 DEGREE OF FOAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 SEQUESTERING ABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9 CORROSION POTENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10 PACKAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
11 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER . . . . . . . . . . 6

APPENDICES
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING DEGREE OF FOAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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B METHOD FOR ASSESSING CORROSION POTENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

 AS/NZS 1400:1997 4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Heavy-duty alkaline detergents for in-place cleaning in dairy factories

1 SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements for heavy-duty alkaline detergents

designed primarily for the removal of difficult milk soils from stainless steel equipment
in dairy factories. The type of detergent specified is suitable for the cleaning of alkali-
resistant flexible connections.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:
AS
1162 Cleaning and sanitizing dairy factory equipment
1449 Wrought alloy steels Stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
1536 Cleaning and sanitizing milking equipment
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2163 Laboratory glassware Measuring cylinders

2164 Laboratory glasswareOne-mark volumetric flasks
2541 Guide to the cleaning-in-place of dairy factory equipment
NZS
BS 1449 Steel plate sheet and strip
BS 1449.2 Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
BS
2648 Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens
EN ISO 3696 Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods

3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the definitions below apply.
3.1 Soil any residue and other deposits to be removed from the milk-contact surface
during the cleaning process.
3.2 Use dilution the minimum concentration of detergent in water that the
manufacturer has recommended for use in a specific application.
3.3 Use temperature the temperature that the supplier/manufacturer has recommended
for a specific application. Cold is between 1C and 35C, warm between 36C and 59C,
and hot is 60C and above.
3.4 Cleaning-in-place (CIP) a method for cleaning equipment, using no direct
mechanical aid to remove the soil but depending on solution flows, temperature and the
properties of the detergent solution.

4 GENERAL PROPERTIES The following criteria shall apply to heavy-duty alkaline

detergents:
(a) The substance shall be either liquid or solid.
(b) Powdered substances shall be homogeneously blended and free flowing. Any
caking that occurs during normal storage in sealed containers shall be easily
broken up so that the material again becomes free flowing.
(c) The substance shall not contain any perfume or fragrant deodorizer.

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(d) Any dyes used shall be approved food colouring substances.

(e) When used in accordance with the manufacturers/suppliers instructions the
substance shall not taint, or impart any flavour to, dairy products.
(f) The substance shall be free from foreign matter.
(g) When used in accordance with the manufacturers/suppliers instructions the
substance shall not cause any residues harmful to humans or to the quality of
dairy products.
(h) The stability of the substance shall be sufficient for it to meet all appropriate
performance or tests in its specification, up to at least 2 years after the date
of manufacture.
NOTE: Liquid chlorinated alkaline detergents may loose chlorine during storage.

5 SOLUBILITY IN WATER The solubility of the detergent in water shall be such

that at a concentration three times the use dilution in water, at the minimum temperature
recommended by the manufacturer, it will substantially dissolve. Any residue shall be
completely rinsable and free from grit.

6 ALKALINITY The alkalinity of the use dilution shall be greater than 0.1% as Na2 0
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when titrated to the phenolphthalein endpoint.

7 DEGREE OF FOAMING When determined in accordance with Appendix A, the

degree of foaming of the detergent at the use dilution at the minimum recommended
temperature of use shall be categorized in accordance with the measured volume of foam
recorded in the test, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1
CATEGORIZATION OF FOAMING

Measured volume Maximum acceptable

Degree of of foam difference between
foaming the results
mL mL
Low foam Less than 30 5
Medium foam 30 to 100 10
High foam Above 100 20

8 SEQUESTERING ABILITY The sequestering ability of the detergent shall be such

that, at the minimum temperature and at the use dilution recommended by the
manufacturer, it is demonstrably suitable for use with water of hardness up to 200 mg/L
expressed as calcium carbonate.

9 CORROSION POTENTIAL When determined in accordance with Appendix B, the

corrosion potential of the detergent, at the use dilution at the maximum use temperature
recommended by the manufacturer, shall be such that there is no visible evidence of
corrosion or discoloration on the test panels.

10 PACKAGING The method of packaging shall be such that the pack will withstand
the normal hazards of transport, storage, and handling, and shall comply to relevant
statutory regulations.

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 AS/NZS 1400:1997 6

11 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER

11.1 Directions for application, storage and use The manufacturer shall supply
adequate and accurate directions for the application, storage and use of the product. Such
directions shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of AS 1162, AS 2541 and
AS 1536.
11.2 Marking Each package of detergent shall, in addition to bearing the markings
required by the relevant statutory regulations, be legibly and indelibly marked with the
following information:
(a) General description of the product.
(b) Degree of foaming.
(c) Batch identification.
NOTE: Manufacturers making a statement of compliance with this Australian/New Zealand
Standard on a product, packaging, or promotional material related to that product are advised to
ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.
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APPENDIX A
METHOD FOR DETERMINING DEGREE OF FOAMING
(Normative)

A1 SCOPE This Appendix sets out a method for determining the degree of foaming of
heavy-duty alkaline detergents for in-place cleaning in dairy factories.

A2 APPARATUS The following apparatus is required:

(a) A 1000 mL one-mark volumetric flask conforming to AS 2164.
(b) A stoppered 250 mL measuring cylinder conforming to AS 2163.
(c) A thermostatically controlled water bath capable of maintaining the test temperature
(see Paragraph B4(c)) within 1C.
(d) A stop watch.

A3 TEST SOLUTION Prepare 1 L of stock test solution by taking the required

representative quantity of the detergent under test and making a solution at the use
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dilution with water complying with BS EN ISO 3696.

A4 PROCEDURE The procedure shall be as follows:

(a) Rinse a clean (see Note) 250 mL stoppered measuring cylinder with a suitable
volume of test solution. Allow the surplus to drain.
NOTE: Cylinders should be thoroughly cleansed before commencing each test.
(b) Transfer a 100 mL aliquot of test solution to the 250 mL cylinder, with a minimum
of agitation.
(c) Using the water bath, adjust the temperature of the measuring cylinder and its
contents to the minimum temperature recommended by the manufacturer of the
detergent. The entire length of the cylinder should be immersed in the enclosed
water bath.
(d) Stopper the cylinder, and holding it vertical, shake it vigorously 10 times through a
throw of approximately 30 cm in the vertical plane, the whole action taking
approximately 3 s.
(e) Sixty seconds after the cessation of shaking, determine the volume of foam,
recording this to the nearest millilitre.
(f) Repeat Steps (a) to (e) using another 100 mL aliquot of test solution, and keep
repeating until a variation between two results is obtained that conforms to the limit
prescribed in Clause 7. Record the mean volume of foam.

A5 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS The degree of foaming shall be expressed in

accordance with Clause 7, i.e. low foaming, medium foaming or high foaming.

A6 REPORT The report shall contain the following information:

(a) The degree of foaming, i.e. low foaming, medium foaming or high foaming.
(b) The concentration of the test solution, i.e. the use dilution.
(c) The temperature at which the test was conducted.
(d) Reference to this test method, i.e. AS/NZS 1400, Appendix A.

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 AS/NZS 1400:1997 8

APPENDIX B
METHOD FOR ASSESSING CORROSION POTENTIAL
(Normative)

B1 SCOPE This Appendix sets out a method for assessing the corrosion potential of
heavy-duty alkaline detergents for in-place cleaning in dairy factories.

B2 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS The following special apparatus and materials

are required:
(a) Squat and tall 1 L beakers of Pyrex glass and watch glasses to cover beakers.
(b) A water-bath with a close-fitting lid capable of maintaining the test temperature
(see Clause B4(b)) within 1C.
(c) An oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 2C, complying with
BS 2648.
(d) Test panels made of stainless steel, Grade AS 1449/304, or an equivalent grade of
NZS/BS 1449, Part 2, of approximate dimensions 125 mm 63 mm 1.5 mm. The
panels shall have a 2B finish on both faces. They shall be undamaged and
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unmarked, flat and with their edges free from burrs.

(e) Stainless steel tongs for handling the panels.
(f) Panel holders made of inert material such as polypropylene for use during pre-
cleaning and drying operations.
(g) Rubber bands of rectangular cross-section, measuring, when lying flat and
unstretched, approximately 80 mm 6 mm.
(h) Magnesium carbonate (technical) for use as an abrasive for cleaning the panels.
(i) Distilled water complying with BS EN ISO 3696.
(j) Watch glasses large enough to cover the tall 1 L beakers.

B3 PRE-CLEANING OF TEST PANELS AND RUBBER BANDS

B3.1 Panels The pre-cleaning procedure for panels shall be as follows:
(a) Swab the test panels, two for each test, with cotton wool using a warm 1% m/V
solution of a general purpose dairy detergent.
(b) Scour the panels with cotton wool using water as a lubricant and the magnesium
carbonate as an abrasive.
NOTE: Scouring also removes any films produced by reaction between the detergent and the
abrasive, e.g. magnesium silicate.
(c) Without delay, thoroughly rinse the panels under hot tap water, ensuring that all of
the magnesium carbonate is removed.
(d) Then, rinse the panels in boiling, distilled water immersing each panel in turn in
water contained in three 1 L beakers.
(e) Dry in an oven at 105 2C.
(f) Allow to cool in a dry, dust-free position.
B3.2 Rubber bands The pre-cleaning procedure for rubber bands shall be as follows:
(a) Place the rubber bands in a hard-boiling 1% m/V solution of general purpose dairy
detergent for 10 min.
(b) Rinse under hot tap water.
(c) Then rinse in distilled water and allow to dry.

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 9 AS/NZS 1400:1997

B4 PROCEDURE The procedure shall be as follows, carried out in duplicate:

(a) In a tall 1 L beaker, make up 950 mL of the use dilution of the detergent under test.
Mark the level of the solution on the side of the beaker.
(b) Heat the solution to a maximum use temperature recommended by the manufacturer
of the detergent. Place the beaker of solution in a water bath controlled at the
maximum use temperature 1C.
(c) Place two rubber bands around each test panel in the direction of the long axis of
the panel, ensuring that the bands are flat against both sides of the panel and that
the panel is not touched by the fingers.
(d) 5 min after placement of the bands, immerse the panels on their ends as upright as
possible in the test solution, so that there is at least 10 mm of solution above the
panels. Note the time.
(e) Leave the panels in the test solution for 72 h. Each morning and evening, top up the
solution to the mark with distilled water.
(f) At the end of the 72 h, remove the panels from the test solution, remove the rubber
bands and rinse the panels under hot, running tap water.
(g) Then, rinse three times as prescribed in Paragraph B3.1(d) above.
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(h) Finally, dry the panels in the oven at 105 2C. Allow to cool.
(i) Examine the panels for
(i) evidence of corrosion; or
(ii) discoloration.
NOTE: Pitting is most likely to occur where the rubber band contacts the edges of the
panel.

B5 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS If the duplicate panels from the test detergent

show the same characteristics, record the result. If the duplicates differ, repeat the test
using fresh panels.

B6 REPORT The report shall contain the following information:

(a) Whether visible corrosion or discoloration of the panels has occurred.
(b) Reference to this test method, i.e. AS/NZS 1400, Appendix B.

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