ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND

12 CARBOXYLICS ACID
LESSON PLAN

Lect Description H.W.

No.
1. i) Introduction Question :
ii) Defination 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 20, 21, 23,
iii) Nomenclature of Aldehdyes & 24
Ketone Level II : 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
iv) Preparation PCQ : 30, 45, 46
1) Oxidation of alcohols
a) PCC, PDC, Jones
and Collins reagent
b) Catalytic
dehydrogenation
[Cu/573 K]
C.W. : Q. 2, 5, 9, 12, 25, 26
Level II : 3

2. Prepartion - (continued) Level I : 14, 16, 18, 30, 34, 36, 37

2) From alkene Level II : 11, 12, 14, 15
3) From alkyne Level III : 3, 4, 5, 7
4) By hydrolysis of geminal PCQ : 11, 19, 35
dihalide
5) Decarboxylation of Ca-Salt
6) Reduction of acyl halide
(Rosenmund reduction)
C.W. :
Level I : 13, 17, 19, 31, 32, 33, 35,
38
Level II : 13

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
3. 7) Preparation of aromatic Level I : 39, 41, 47, 48, 49
aldehyde only Level II :
a) By chromyl chloride PCQ : 20
(Etard oxidation)
b) By CrO3 in acetic
anhydride
c) By side chain
halogenation followed by
hydrolysis
d) Gatter mann - Koch
formylation reaction
8) By reduction of cyanide
(stephens reduction)
Importance of DIBAI- H
9) By reduction of Ester
C.W. :
Level I : 40, 42, 43, 45, 50, 51, 52
Level II : 30
PCQ : 1

4. 10) By Grignard reagent & Cyanide. Level I : 56, 58

11) By Friedal Crafts acylation Level II : 16, 17, 18, 32, 33, 34, 47,
12) By Dialkyl Cadmium & acylhalide 53
Chemical Properties Level III : 13, 29, 32, 33
Reactivity Order - Explain? Why?
Type 1 : Nucleophilic addition
reaction
a) Addition of H-CN
b) Addition of NaHSO3
c) Addition of Grignard reagent
C.W. :
Level I : 53, 54, 55
Level II : 22, 24, 25
Level III : 18, 21, 23

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
5. d) Addition of Alcohol Level I : 60, 64, 65
(with mechanism) Level III : 33
(Cyclic acetal formation) PCQ : 27, 36
e) Rxn with PCl5.
vi) Addition of NH3
vii) Addition of Ammonia
derivatives
a) 1 amine
b) Hydroxyl amine
c) Hydrazine
d) Phenyl hydrazine
e) 2, 4, DNP
f) Semi carbazide
C.W. :
Level I : 59, 61, 62, 63, 66
Level II : 23, 38, 39, 40, 41

6. Type - II : Reduction Level I : 81

1) Reduction to alcohol Level II : 59, 60, 61, 62
2) Reduction to Diol Level III : 16, 17,
(Bimolecular reaction) PCQ : 25, 31, 37, 39, 43
3) Reduction to alkane
a) Clemmenson
reduction
b) Wolf - Kishner
reduction
C.W. :
Level I : 79, 80, 81
Level II : 54, 55, 56, 58
Level III : 22

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
7. Type - III :Oxidation Level I : 86, 87, 88, 89, 96, 98, 99,
1) Oxidation of aldehyde 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 112, 113,
and ketone (popoff rule) 117, 118
2) Oxidation of Methyl keto Level II : 63, 77, 80
group (Haloform Rxn) Level III : 23, 37
3) Distinguishing test for PCQ : 4, 8, 18, 21, 48
Ald. and ketone
a) Tollens test
b) Fehling test
c) schiffs test
C.W. :
Level I : 57, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90,
95, 97, 100, 102, 103, 108, 110, 111,
119
Level II : 46, 76
Level III : 10, 14, 15, 25, 35, 40
PCQ : 7, 34, 38, 44

8. Type - IV : Miscellaneous reaction Level I : 67, 69, 72, 74, 76, 126,
a) Aldol Condensation 127
(with mechanism) Level II : 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 42, 43,
b) Cross Aldol 45, 50, 71, 72
condensation Level III : 11, 12, 24, 28,
c) Cannizarros reaction PCQ : 6, 10, 16, 21, 24, 28, 41, 47,
d) Cross Cannizarros 48
reaction
C.W. :
Level I : 44, 68, 70, 71, 73, 75, 77
Level II : 19, 29, 31, 40, 44, 48, 49,
73, 74, 75
Level III :
PCQ : 40

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
9. 5) Pinacol pinacolone Level I : 91, 94, 122, 125
rearrangement Level II : 51, 52, 65, 66, 68, 69
6) Beckmann rearrangement Level III : 34, 39
7) Polymerisation of
HCHO
CH3CHO
CH3 CO CH3
6) Electrophilic substitution
reaction
C.W. :
Level I : 92, 93
Level II : 50, 64, 67
Level III : 14, 15

10. i) Definition of acid, Level I : 1, 2, 4 to 13, 23, 39

Classification of acid Level II : 3, 30
ii) Nomenclature of acid Level III : 21
Preparation : PCQs :
1) Oxidation 4, 28, 30
a) Oxidation of Alcohl/Acid
b) Oxidation of Alkene
c) Oxidation of Alkyl benzene
2) By Dry ice & Grignard reagent
C.W. :
Level I : 3, 10, 14, 15, 29, 35
Level II : 1
Level III : 15, 26

11. Preparation (Contd ......) Level I : 16, 18, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32,
3) By hydrolysis of nitriles 36, 67, 68
4) By hydrolysis of Acyl halide Level II : 8, 10, 11, 18, 20, 21, 25
5) By hydrolysis of Acid anhydride Level III : 6, 12, 14, 23
6) By hydrolysis of Esters PCQs :
7) By hydrolysis of Amide 6, 14

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
11. Acidic properties
Comparision between Acid,
Phenol & alcohol
Effect of substituent on acidic strength
C.W. :
Level I : 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 33,
34, 38
Level II : 2, 5, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24
PCQs :
5, 15, 16, 25, 27

12. Chemical reaction Level I : 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 53, 56,
1) Reaction involving cleavage of 59, 61, 63
O H bond Level II : 7, 17, 28
a) Action of metal Level III : 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, 24
b) Action of Base
2) Reaction involving COOH
group
a) Reduction
b) Decarboxylation
3) Substitution reaction in the
hydrocarbon part
a) D Halogenation (HVZ
reaction)
b) Ring substitution
4) Formation of Acyl chloride
(Action of SOCl2, PCl3, PCl5)
C.W. :
Level I : 41, 46, 47, 52, 55, 57, 65,
66
Level II : 4, 28
Level III : 5, 11, 16, 25
PCQs :
2, 11, 13, 21

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid

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Lect Description H.W.

No.
13. Chemical reaction Level I : 76
5) Formation of acid anhydride Level II : 7, 12, 15, 17
(Simple & mixed) Level III : 3, 13, 18, 19, 20, 22
6) Formation of Amide PCQs : 3, 17
7) Formation of Ester
(with mechanism)
8) Formation of Cyanide by amide
9) Reduction of Ester
10) Action of Ester with Grignard
reagent
Level I : 62, 74, 75
Level II : 6, 27, 29, 31, 32
Level III : 1, 4, 8, 9
PCQs : 1

Aldehyde, Ketone and Carboxylic acid