2017521 GNUFreeDocumentationLicenseWikipedia

GNUFreeDocumentationLicense
DaWikipdia,aenciclopdialivre

ALicenadeDocumentaoLivreGNU(GNUFDLousimplesmenteGFDL)umalicenacopyleftpara
documentaogratuita,projetadapelaFreeSoftwareFoundation(FSF)paraoProjetoGNU.semelhanteGNU GNUFreeDocumentationLicense
GeneralPublicLicense,dandoaosleitoresodireitodecopiar,redistribuiremodificar(somentequandosem
restriesde"seesinvariantes")umtrabalhoeexigequetodasascpiasederivadasestejamdisponveissoba
mesmalicena.Ascpiastambmpodemservendidascomercialmente,mas,seforemproduzidasemquantidades
maiores(maioresque100),ooriginaloucdigofontedeveserdisponibilizadoaodestinatriodaobra. OlogotipodaGFDL

OGFDLfoiprojetadoparamanuais,livrosdidticos,outrosmateriaisderefernciaeinstruoedocumentaoque Autor FundaoparaoSoftware

acompanhafrequentementeosoftwareGNU.Noentanto,elepodeserusadoparaqualquertrabalhobaseadoem Livre
texto,independentementedoassunto.Porexemplo,aenciclopdiaonlinegratuitaWikipdiausaoGFDL( ltimaverso 1,3
juntamentecomaLicenaCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlike)paratodooseutexto.
Editor SoftwareLivreFoundation,
Inc.
Publicados Versoatual:
Contedo 3denovembrode2008

1 Histria Compatvelcom Sim,semseesinvariantes

2 Condies DFSG (vejaabaixo)
2.1 Secessecundrias AprovadopelaFSF sim
2.2 Redistribuiocomercial
2.3 CompatibilidadecomtermosdelicenciamentodaCreativeCommons Compatvelcom No
3 Aplicao GPL
4 Crticas
Copyleft sim
4.1 ClusulaDRM
4.2 Secesinvariantes
4.3 GPLincompatvelemambasasdirees
4.4 Cargasnaimpresso
5 Outraslicenasdecontedolivre
6 ListadeprojetosqueutilizamoGFDL
7 Vertambm
8 Referncias
9 Ligaesexternas

Histria
AGFDLfoilanadaemformaderascunhoparacomentriosemsetembrode1999.[1]Apsrevises,averso1.1foipublicadaemmarode2000,verso1.2em
novembrode2002everso1.3emnovembrode2008.Oestadoatualdalicenaaverso1.3.[2]

OprimeirorascunhodaGNUFreeDocumentationLicenseverso2foilanadoem26desetembrode2006,juntamentecomumrascunhodanovaGNUSimplerFree
DocumentationLicense.

Em1dedezembrode2007,ofundadordaWikipediaJimmyWalesanunciouqueumlongoperododediscussoenegociaoentreeentreaFreeSoftware
Foundation,CreativeCommons,aWikimediaFoundationeoutrosproduziramumapropostaapoiadapelaFSFeCreativeCommonsparamodificaraLicenade
DocumentaoLivredetalformaquepermitaapossibilidadedeaWikimediaFoundationmigrarosprojetosparaalicenaCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlike
similar(CCBYSA).[3][4]Estasalteraesforamimplementadasnaverso1.3dalicena,queincluiumanovadisposioquepermitequecertosmateriaislibertados
sobalicenasejamutilizadossobumalicenaCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlike.[2]

Condies
Omateriallicenciadosobaversoatualdalicenapodeserusadoparaqualquerfinalidade,contantoqueousocumpradeterminadascondies.

Todososautoresanterioresdotrabalhodevemseratribudos.
Todasasalteraesaotrabalhodevemserregistradas.
Todosostrabalhosderivadosdevemserlicenciadossobamesmalicena.
Otextocompletodalicena,asseesinvariantesnomodificadas,conformedefinidaspeloautor,sehouver,equaisqueroutrasadvertnciasdegarantia
adicionais(comoumavisodeisenogeralalertandoosleitoresqueodocumentopodenoserexato,porexemplo)eavisosdedireitosautoraisdeverses
anterioresdevemserMantida.
MedidastcnicascomoDRMnopodemserusadasparacontrolarouobstruiradistribuioouediododocumento.

Secessecundrias

Alicenaseparaexplicitamentequalquertipode"Documento"de"SecesSecundrias",quenopodemserintegradascomoDocumento,masexistemcomo
materiaisouapndices.Secessecundriaspodemconterinformaessobrearelaodoautoroueditorcomoassunto,masnoqualquerassuntoemsi.Emborao
Documentosejatotalmenteeditveleestejaessencialmentecobertoporumalicenaequivalente(masmutuamenteincompatvel)comaLicenaPblicaGeralGNU
,algumasdasseessecundriastmvriasrestriesprojetadasprincipalmenteparalidarcomaatribuioapropriadaaautoresanteriores.

Especificamente,osautoresdeversesanteriorestmdeserreconhecidosecertas"seesinvariantes"especificadaspeloautororiginalequetratamdesuarelao
comoassuntonopodemseralteradas.Seomaterialmodificado,seuttulotemdeseralterado(amenosqueosautoresanterioresdopermissoparareterottulo).

Alicenatambmtemdisposiesparaomanuseiodelivrosdecapaecapatraseiradelivros,bemcomoparaassees"Histria","Agradecimentos","Dedicaes"e
"Endossos".Essesrecursosforamadicionadosemparteparatornaralicenamaisfinanceiramenteatraenteparaeditorescomerciaisdedocumentaodesoftware,
algunsdosquaisforamconsultadosduranteaelaboraodaGFDL.[5][6]Asseces"Endossos"destinamseaserutilizadasemdocumentosoficiaisoficiais,nos
casosemqueadistribuiodeversesmodificadassdeveserpermitidasenoestiveremrotuladascomoessanorma.[6]

Redistribuiocomercial
Textooriginal
AGFDLexigeacapacidadede"copiaredistribuiroDocumentoemqualquermeio,comercialounocomercial"e,portanto,incompatvelcommaterialqueexcluia
The license explicitly separates any kind of "Document" from
reutilizaocomercial.Comomencionadoacima,oGFDLfoiprojetadocomeditorescomerciaisemmente,comoStallmanexplicou: "Secondary Sections", which may not be integrated with the
Document,butexistasfrontmattermaterialsorappendices.

Sugerirumatraduomelhor
OGFDLpretendeserumaformadealistareditorescomerciaisnofinanciamentodedocumentaogratuitasemrenunciaraqualquerliberdadevital.O
recursode"textodecapa"ealgunsoutrosaspectosdalicenaquetratamdecapas,ttulos,histricoeendossossoincludosparatornaralicenaatraente
paraeditorescomerciaisdelivroscujosautoressopagos.[5]

Omaterialquerestringeareutilizaocomercialincompatvelcomalicenaenopodeserincorporadonaobra.Noentanto,aincorporaodessematerialrestrito
podeserusadodeacordocomaleidedireitosautoraisdosEstadosUnidos(oucomrciojustoemalgunsoutrospases)enoprecisaserlicenciadoparaseenquadrar
naGFDLsetalusojustoforcobertoportodososusossubsequentespotenciais.Umexemplodesseusojustoliberalecomercialapardia.

CompatibilidadecomTermosdeLicenaCreativeCommons

Emboraasduaslicenasfuncionememprincpiossimilaresdocopyleft,oGFDLnocompatvelcomalicenaCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlike.

Noentanto,apedidodaWikimediaFoundation,[2]verso1.3adicionouumaseodetempolimitadopermitindoquetiposespecficosdesitesusandooGFDLpara
ofereceradicionalmenteoseutrabalhosobalicenaCCBYSA.EssasisenespermitemqueumprojetocolaborativobaseadoemGFDLcomvriosautoresfaaa
transioparaalicenaCCBYSA3.0,semantesobterapermissodecadaautor,seotrabalhosatisfizervriascondies:[2]

Otrabalhodevetersidoproduzidoemum"MassiveMultiauthorCollaborationSite"(MMC),comoumwikipblico,porexemplo.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License 1/3
2017521 GNUFreeDocumentationLicenseWikipedia
Otrabalhodevetersidoproduzidoemum"MassiveMultiauthorCollaborationSite"(MMC),comoumwikipblico,porexemplo.
SeocontedoexternooriginalmentepublicadoemumaMMCestiverpresentenosite,otrabalhodevetersidolicenciadosobaVerso1.3doGNUFDLouuma
versoanterior,mascomadeclarao"ouqualquerversoposterior",semtextosdecapaouseesinvariantes.Seelenofoioriginalmentepublicadoemum
MMC,elespodeserrelicensedseelefoiadicionadoaumMMCantes1denovembrode2008.

Paraimpedirqueaclusulafosseusadacomoumamedidadecompatibilidadegeral,aprprialicenapermitiuqueamudanaocorresseantesde1deagostode2009.
Naverso1.3,aFSFdeclarouquetodoocontedoadicionadoantesde1denovembrode2008WikipediacomoUmexemplosatisfeitoascondies.Aprpria
WikimediaFoundation,apsumreferendopblico,invocouesteprocessoparaocontedodelicenasduplaslanadosoboGFDLsobalicenaCCBYSAemjunho
de2009eadotouumapolticadeatribuiodetodaafundaoparaousodecontedodeprojetosdaWikimediaFoundation.[7][8][9]

Enforcement
TherehavecurrentlybeennocasesinvolvingtheGFDLinacourtoflaw,althoughitssisterlicenseforsoftware,theGNUGeneralPublicLicense,hasbeen
successfullyenforcedinsuchasetting.[10]AlthoughthecontentofWikipediahasbeenplagiarizedandusedinviolationoftheGFDLbyothersites,suchasBaidu
Baike,nocontributorshaveevertriedtobringanorganizationtocourtduetoviolationoftheGFDL.InthecaseofBaidu,Wikipediarepresentativesaskedthesiteand
itscontributorstorespectthetermsofthelicensesandtomakeproperattributions.[11]

Criticism
SomecriticsconsidertheGFDLanonfreelicense.SomereasonsforthisarethattheGFDLallows"invariant"textwhichcannotbemodifiedorremoved,andthatits
prohibitionagainstdigitalrightsmanagement(DRM)systemsappliestovalidusages,likefor"privatecopiesmadeandnotdistributed".[12]

Notably,theDebianproject,[13]ThomasBushnell,[14]NathanaelNerode,[15]andBrucePerens[16]haveraisedobjections.BrucePerenssawtheGFDLevenoutsidethe
"FreeSoftwareethos":[16]

"FSF,aFreeSoftwareorganization,isn'tbeingentirelytruetotheFreeSoftwareethoswhileitispromotingalicensethatallowsinvariantsectionstobe
appliedtoanythingbutthelicensetextandattribution.[...]theGFDLisn'tconsistentwiththeethosthatFSFhaspromotedfor19years."

In2006,DebiandevelopersvotedtoconsiderworkslicensedundertheGFDLtocomplywiththeirDebianFreeSoftwareGuidelinesprovidedtheinvariantsection
clausesarenotused.[17]TheresultswasGFDLwithoutinvariantsectionsisDFSGcompliant.[17]However,theirresolutionstatedthatevenwithoutinvariantsections,
GFDLlicensedsoftwaredocumentation"isstillnotfreeoftrouble",namelybecauseofitsincompatibilitywiththemajorfreesoftwarelicenses.[17]

ThoseopposedtotheGFDLhaverecommendedtheuseofalternativelicensessuchastheBSDDocumentationLicenseortheGNUGPL.[17]

TheFLOSSManualsfoundation,anorganizationdevotedtocreatingmanualsforfreesoftware,decidedtoeschewtheGFDLinfavoroftheGPLforitstextsin2007,
citingtheincompatibilitybetweenthetwo,difficultiesinimplementingtheGFDL,andthefactthattheGFDL"doesnotallowforeasyduplicationandmodification",
especiallyfordigitaldocumentation.[18]

DRMclause

TheGNUFDLcontainsthestatement:

Youmaynotusetechnicalmeasurestoobstructorcontrolthereadingorfurthercopyingofthecopiesyoumakeordistribute.

Acriticismofthislanguageisthatitistoobroad,becauseitappliestoprivatecopiesmadebutnotdistributed.Thismeansthatalicenseeisnotallowedtosave
documentcopies"made"inaproprietaryfileformatorusingencryption.

In2003,RichardStallmansaidabouttheabovesentenceonthedebianlegalmailinglist:[19]

ThismeansthatyoucannotpublishthemunderDRMsystemstorestrictthepossessorsofthecopies.Itisn'tsupposedtorefertouseofencryptionorfile
accesscontrolonyourowncopy.Iwilltalkwithourlawyerandseeifthatsentenceneedstobeclarified.

Invariantsections

AGNUFDLworkcanquicklybeencumberedbecauseanew,differenttitlemustbegivenandalistofprevioustitlesmustbekept.Thiscouldleadtothesituation
wherethereareawholeseriesoftitlepages,anddedications,ineachandeverycopyofthebookifithasalonglineage.Thesepagescannotberemoveduntilthework
entersthepublicdomainaftercopyrightexpires.

RichardStallmansaidaboutinvariantsectionsonthedebianlegalmailinglist:[20]

Thegoalofinvariantsections,eversincethe80swhenwefirstmadetheGNUManifestoaninvariantsectionintheEmacsManual,wastomakesurethey
couldnotberemoved.Specifically,tomakesurethatdistributorsofEmacsthatalsodistributenonfreesoftwarecouldnotremovethestatementsofour
philosophy,whichtheymightthinkofdoingbecausethosestatementscriticizetheiractions.

GPLincompatibleinbothdirections

TheGNUFDLisincompatibleinbothdirectionswiththeGPLmaterialundertheGNUFDLcannotbeputintoGPLcodeandGPLcodecannotbeputintoaGNU
FDLmanual.[21]AttheJune22ndand23rd2006internationalGPLv3conferenceinBarcelona,EbenMoglenhintedthatafutureversionoftheGPLcouldbemade
suitablefordocumentation:[22]

ByexpressingLGPLasjustanadditionalpermissionontopofGPLwesimplifyourlicensinglandscapedrastically.It'slikeforphysicsgettingridofa
force,right?Wejustunifiedelectroweak,ok?Thegrandunifiedfieldtheorystillescapesusuntilthedocumentlicencestooarejustadditional
permissionsontopofGPL.Idon'tknowhowwe'llevergetthere,that'sgravity,it'sreallyhard.

Burdenswhenprinting

TheGNUFDLrequiresthatlicensees,whenprintingadocumentcoveredbythelicense,mustalsoinclude"thisLicense,thecopyrightnotices,andthelicensenotice
sayingthisLicenseappliestotheDocument".ThismeansthatifalicenseeprintsoutacopyofanarticlewhosetextiscoveredundertheGNUFDL,heorshemust
alsoincludeacopyrightnoticeandaphysicalprintoutoftheGNUFDL,whichisasignificantlylargedocumentinitself.Worse,thesameisrequiredforthe
standaloneuseofjustone(forexample,Wikipedia)image.[23]Wikivoyage,awebsitededicatedtofreecontenttravelguides,chosenottousetheGFDLbecauseit
considersitunsuitableforshortprintedtexts.[24]

Otherfreecontentlicenses
SomeoftheseweredevelopedindependentlyoftheGNUFDL,whileothersweredevelopedinresponsetoperceivedflawsintheGNUFDL.

GNUSimplerFreeDocumentationLicense
CreativeCommonslicenses
DesignScienceLicense
FreeArtlicense
FreeBSDDocumentationLicense
OpenContentLicense
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License 2/3
2017521 GNUFreeDocumentationLicenseWikipedia
OpenGameLicense
OpenPublicationLicense
WTFPL

ListofprojectsthatusetheGFDL
MostprojectsoftheWikimediaFoundation,includingWikipedia(excludingWikivoyageandWikinews)OnJune15,2009,theSection11clauseswereusedto
duallicensethecontentofthesewikisundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikelicenseandGFDL.
AnAnarchistFAQ
CitizendiumtheprojectusesGFDLforarticlesoriginallyfromWikipedia.
FreeOnlineDictionaryofComputing
Last.fmartistsdescriptionsareunderGFDL
MarxistsInternetArchive
PlanetMath
RosettaCode
SourceWatch
ThespecificationdocumentsthatdefineTRAK,anenterprisearchitectureframework,arereleasedundertheGFDL.
AbstractAlgebrabyThomasW.Judson.[25]
theBaseballReference'sBRBullpen,afreeusercontributedbaseballwiki

Seealso
BSDlicense GNU Softwarelicensing
Copyleft Noncommercialeducational
Copyright Opencontent
Freesoftwarelicense Sharealike

References
1.RichardStallman:NewDocumentationLicenseCommentsRequested(http://group 6.GNUproject:FrequentlyAskedQuestionsabouttheGNULicenses:Whydon'tyou
s.google.de/group/gnu.misc.discuss/browse_thread/thread/c6c449e5c50847f8/481536 usetheGPLformanuals?(https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gplfaq.html#WhyNotGPLF
81e017675d)gnu.misc.discussNewsgroup,12September1999 orManuals)
2."FDL1.3FAQ"(https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl1.3faq.html).Gnu.org.Retrieved 7."Wikimediacommunityapproveslicensemigration"(http://blog.wikimedia.org/2009/
20111107. 05/21/wikimediacommunityapproveslicensemigration/).WikimediaFoundation.
3.Lessig,Lawrence(20071201)."SomeimportantnewsfromWikipediato WikimediaFoundation.Retrieved20090521.
understandclearly(LessigBlog)"(http://lessig.org/blog/2007/12/some_important_ne 8.Wikimedialicenseupdateapproval(https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:
ws_from_wikip.html).Lessig.org.Retrieved20111107. Licensing_update_approval)
4."Wikimediafoundation.org"(http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License
_update).Wikimediafoundation.org.Retrieved20111107.
5.RichardStallman:WhypublishersshouldusetheGNUFDL(https://www.gnu.org/li
censes/whygfdl.html)Accessedon20090717
9.LicensingupdaterolledoutinallWikimediawikis(http://blog.wikimedia.org/2009/0 16.BrucePerens(2Sep2003)."steppinginbetweenDebianandFSF"(https://lists.debia
6/30/licensingupdaterolledoutinallwikimediawikis/)onwikimedia.orgbyErik n.org/debianlegal/2003/09/msg00091.html).lists.debian.org/debianlegal.Retrieved
MoelleronJune30th,2009"PerhapsthemostsignificantreasontochooseCCBY 20160320."FSF,aFreeSoftwareorganization,isn'tbeingentirelytruetotheFree
SAasourprimarycontentlicensewastobecompatiblewithmanyoftheother Softwareethoswhileitispromotingalicensethatallowsinvariantsectionstobe
admirableendeavorsouttheretoshareanddevelopfreeknowledge" appliedtoanythingbutthelicensetextandattribution.FSFisnotCreative
10.VerizonSettlesOpenSourceSoftwareLawsuit(http://www.informationweek.com/ver Commons:thedocumentationthatFSFhandlesisanessentialcomponentofFSF's
izonsettlesopensourcesoftwarelaw/206904096)(PaulMcDougell, FreeSoftware,andshouldbetreatedassuch.Inthatlight,theGFDLisn'tconsistent
InformationWeek,March17,2008)Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/201305302 withtheethosthatFSFhaspromotedfor19years."
30813/http://www.informationweek.com/verizonsettlesopensourcesoftwarelaw/20 17.DebianProject:Resolution:WhytheGNUFreeDocumentationLicenseisnot
6904096)May30,2013,attheWaybackMachine. suitableforDebian(http://www.debian.org/vote/2006/vote_001.en.html#amendmentte
11."BaiduMayBeWorstWikipediaCopyrightViolator"(http://www.pcworld.com/artic xta).VotedFebruaryMarch2006.(AccessedJune20,2009)
le/135550/article.html).PCWorld.6August2007.Retrieved10September2007. 18.FLOSSManualsFoundation(6June2007)."LicenseChange"(https://archive.is/200
12.Nerode,Nathanael(20071210)."WhyYouShouldn'tUsetheGNUFDL"(https://w 80228211105/http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/).FLOSS
eb.archive.org/web/20071210175219/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.ht ManualsBlog.FLOSSManualsFoundation.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://en.flo
ml).Web.archive.org.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/n ssmanuals.net/bin/view/Blog/LicenseChange/)on28February2008.Retrieved
eroden/fdl.html)on20071210.Retrieved20111107. 20June2009.
13.Srivastava,Manoj(2006)."DraftDebianPositionStatementabouttheGNUFree 19.RichardStallman(20030906),Re:ApossibleGFDLcompromise(http://lists.debia
DocumentationLicense(GFDL)"(http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statem n.org/debianlegal/2003/09/msg00212.html).Accessedon20070925.
ent.xhtml).Retrieved20070925."ItisnotpossibletoborrowtextfromaGFDL'd 20.RichardStallman,(20030823),Re:ApossibleGFDLcompromise(http://lists.debi
manualandincorporateitinanyfreesoftwareprogramwhatsoever.Thisisnota an.org/debianlegal/2003/08/msg00807.html).Accessedon20070925.
merelicenseincompatibility.It'snotjustthattheGFDLisincompatiblewiththisor 21.RichardBraakmanonDebianlegal(http://lists.debian.org/debianlegal/2003/04/msg0
thatfreesoftwarelicense:it'sthatitisfundamentallyincompatiblewithanyfree 0258.html)aboutGFDL/GPLincompatibility
softwarelicensewhatsoever.Soifyouwriteanewprogram,andyouhaveno 22.TranscriptofEbenMoglenatthe3rdinternationalGPLv3conference22ndJune
commitmentsatallaboutwhatlicenseyouwanttouse,savingonlythatitbeafree 2006(http://fsfe.org/projects/gplv3/barcelonamoglentranscript#lgpl):LGPL,like
license,youcannotincludeGFDL'dtext.TheGNUFDL,asitstandstoday,doesnot mergingelectronicweak.Accessedon20090620.
meettheDebianFreeSoftwareGuidelines.Therearesignificantproblemswiththe 23."WhytheWikimediaprojectsshouldnotuseGFDLasastandalonelicensefor
license,asdetailedaboveand,assuch,wecannotacceptworkslicensedunderthe images"(http://notablog.notafish.com/index.php/2005/04/21/26whythewikimediap
GNUFDLintoourdistribution." rojectsshouldnotusegfdlasastandalonelicenseforimages).
14."ThomasBushnelldismissedfromHurdprojectforcriticizingGFDL"(http://archiv Notablog.notafish.com.Retrieved20111107.
e.is/FxZ0).archive.is.20031119.Archivedfromtheoriginal(https://lwn.net/Articl 24.Wikivoyage:Project:WhyWikivoyageisn'tGFDL
es/59147/)on20120713.Retrieved20170416. 25.Judson,ThomasW.(2015)."AbstractAlgebra:TheoryandApplications"(http://abst
15.Nerode,Nathanael(20030924)."WhyYouShouldn'tUsetheGNUFDL"(https://w ract.ups.edu).
eb.archive.org/web/20031009105046/http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/neroden/fdl.ht
ml).Web.archive.org.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://home.twcny.rr.com/nerode/n
eroden/fdl.html)on20031009.Retrieved20111107.

Externallinks
FSFguidetothenewdraftsofdocumentationlicenses(http://gplv3.fsf.org/doclicdd1guide.html)
GFDLofficialtext(https://gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) ListentotheGFDL(0:23:28)version
1.2,November2002,(recorded2005
FreeSoftwareandFreeManuals(https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedoc.html),essaybyRichardStallman 0528)
Apple'sCommonDocumentationLicense(http://www.opensource.apple.com/cdl/),analternativelicense MENU
0:00
Audiorecordingofthefulltextofthe
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