Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Construction Specification
356 - Dike
TABLE 378-1
ROCKFILL AND RIPRAP shall meet the
material requirements: of PennDOT PLASTIC PIPE SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications, Section 850. ASTM
Kind of Pipe Specification
PIPE AND APPURTENANCES shall meet Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
the following requirements, unless Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40,
otherwise set forth in Section 10: 80, 120 D1785
removed to a minimum depth of eight exposed by this operation, i.e., other than
inches below the bottom of the pipe and, the mineral soil that has been identified for
where applicable, below the bottom of anti- use as fill, shall be disposed of as directed
seep collars, and replaced with firmly by the Owner.
compacted earth to the specified grade.
Pipes shall be firmly and uniformly bedded. Fill material shall be placed and spread
beginning at the lowest point of the
Pipes shall be of the materials set forth in foundation and then bringing it up in
Sections 2 and 10, or as otherwise shown horizontal layers thick enough that the
on the drawings. required compaction can be obtained. The
fill shall be constructed in continuous
All pipe connections shall be watertight. horizontal layers. If openings or
Anti-seep collars, where used, shall also be sectionalized fills are required, the slope of
connected to pipes in such a manner as to the bonding surfaces between the
be watertight. Helically corrugated pipe shall embankment in place and the embankment
have, as a minimum, either continuously to be placed shall not be steeper than a
molded seams or lock seams which are ratio of three horizontal to one vertical.
caulked, during fabrication, with a neoprene The bonding surface shall be treated the
bead. Bell and spigot pipe shall be placed same as that specified for the foundation to
with the bell end upstream. insure a good bond with the new fill.
The distribution and gradation of materials
Any bituminous coating which is damaged shall be such that no lenses, pockets,
shall be repaired with cold applied streaks, or layers of material shall differ
bituminous coating compound. Aluminum substantially in texture or gradation from the
surfaces that are to be in contact with surrounding material. If it is necessary to
concrete shall be painted with one coat of use materials of varying texture and
zinc chromate primer. Hot dipped gradation, the more impervious material
galvanized bolts may be used for shall be placed in the center and upstream
connections. parts of the fill. If zoned fills of substantially
differing materials are specified, the zones
shall be placed according to lines and
6. EMBANKMENT grades shown on the drawings.
Fill material for an embankment shall be The thickness of each layer of fill prior to
obtained from the designated borrow areas compaction shall be no greater than eight
and/or required excavations. The material inches for sheepsfoot rollers, six inches for
shall be free from stumps, wood, brush, rubber-tired compaction equipment, or four
roots, sod, rubbish, and other matter that inches for track-type compaction equipment,
may decay. It should also be free of stones unless otherwise specified. Materials placed
over two inches in diameter where on the fill by dumping in
compacted by hand or mechanical tampers, piles or windrows shall be spread uniformly
or over six inches in diameter where to not more than the specified thickness
compacted by rollers or other driven prior to compaction.
equipment. Frozen material shall not be
placed in the fill nor shall the fill material be Adjacent to structures, fill shall be placed in
placed on a frozen foundation. a manner adequate to prevent damage to
the structure and to allow the structure to
Prior to placing the fill material on any gradually and uniformly assume the backfill
portion of the foundation, that portion shall loads. Backfill adjacent to structures shall
be scarified, plowed, or disked to a depth of be placed in layers not thicker than four
three-inches. All objectionable material inches prior to compaction. The height of
For concrete mixed at the site, the mixing Immediately after placement, concrete shall
time after all cement, aggregates and water be consolidated by spading and vibrating, or
are in the mixer drum shall be at least 1-1/2 spading and hand tamping. It shall be
minutes. Concrete shall be conveyed from worked into corners and around all
the mixer as rapidly as practical by methods reinforcement and embedded items in a
that will prevent segregation of the manner which prevents segregation.
aggregates or loss of mortar. Concrete shall Excessive vibration which results in
be placed within 1-1/2 hours after the segregation of materials will not be allowed.
introduction of cement to the aggregate Vibration must not be used to make
unless an approved set-retarding admixture concrete flow in forms, slabs, or conveying
is used in the mix. During periods of hot equipment.
weather, it may be necessary to reduce this If the surface of a layer in place will develop
time. its initial set, i.e., will not flow and merge
with the succeeding layer when vibrated, a
For each load of concrete delivered to the construction joint shall be made.
site, a batch ticket shall be provided to the Construction joints shall be made by
Owner or Technician by the Supplier. As a cleaning the hardened concrete surface to
minimum, this ticket shall show the design exposed aggregate by sandblasting,
strength, time out, admixtures (if any), and air/water jetting, or hand scrubbing with wire
amount of water that may be added (if any) brush, and keeping the concrete surface
on site and still be within the design mix moist for at least one hour prior to
limits. placement of new concrete.
The Contractor shall test slump and air Concrete surfaces do not require extensive
entrainment as necessary to insure that the finishing work; however, the surface shall
concrete meets the requirements of this be smooth and even. Careful screeding
specification. The slump shall be three to (striking-off) and/or wood float finishing
six inches (without superplasticizers) and shall be required, unless otherwise shown
the air content shall be five to seven percent on the drawings. Any additional desired
of the volume of the concrete. Admixtures finishing of the surface (such as roughening
such as superplasticizers, water-reducers for improved traction on ramps) shall be
and set-retarders may be used provided accomplished after an initial stiffening of the
they are approved by the Engineer prior to concrete has taken place. Exposed edges
concrete placement and are used in should be chamfered, either with form
accordance with the manufacturers molding or molding tools.
recommendations. Superplasticizers (ASTM
C494, Type F or G) may be added to The addition of dry cement or water to the
concrete that has a 2 to 4 inch slump before surface of screeded concrete to expedite
the addition, and that is not warmer than 95o finishing is not allowed. If concrete placing
F. The slump shall not exceed 7 inches is discontinued prior to completion of the
with the addition of superplasticizer. entire structure, the unfinished end of the
concrete shall be formed to create a proper
Concrete shall be uniform and thoroughly construction or expansion/contraction joint.
mixed when delivered to the job site.
Variations in slump of more than one inch EXPANSION/CONTRACTION JOINTS
within a batch will be considered evidence
of inadequate mixing and shall be corrected When required in Section 10 or on the
protection at a rate of not less than one may require draining the water to sumps
gallon per 150 square feet of surface. from which the water shall be pumped to
Surfaces subjected to heavy rainfall or settling basins. Construction operations will
running water within three hours after the be carried out in such a manner that erosion
curing compound has been applied, or will be controlled and water and air pollution
otherwise damaged, shall be resprayed. minimized. State and Local laws concerning
Any construction activity which disturbs pollution abatement will be followed.
the curing material shall be avoided. If the
curing material is subsequently disturbed, it
shall be reapplied immediately. 9. SEEDING