Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Mary Strickland
Mrs. Davis
Comp. II
28 May 2017
Annotated Bibliography
Eatfortheearth. "Food Waste: Causes, Effects, and Solutions." Farm Together Now - The Book
In this article, the writer EatFortheEarth discusses the impact of throwing away foods can
have on not only loss of money, but the harmful effects tossing out food has on the
environment. The author also discusses that Americans throw away almost 40% of the
food they purchase which results in $2.6 trillion loss between the wasted food and the
damages those foods do to our environment. EatfortheEarth has written at least 3 articles
addressing the issue of food waste. She composed this article in 2014 and used citations
such as Food and Agriculture Organizaion (FAO) statistics from 2009 to support her
thoughts on the issue and has interviewed a hand full of farms to get their take on how to
improve food waste statistics. The FAO sources are unbiased facts concluded from
gathering data; however, the interview with the farmer is biased. Thus, her article does
seem to be biased. The statistics in this article are very reliable and will be an enormous
supporting component in my paper because of the solid facts pertaining to the money lost
Hickey, Michael E., and Gulnihal Ozbay. Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor
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Hickey and Ozbay have written an article that reports that America is the second most
obese country in the world, yet we still waste approximately $166 million in food each year.
It is shown that 25% of the worlds food is lost post-harvest related to microbial spoilage
and if we as consumers could decrease the waste by even 15%, it would literally feed 25
million people. The authors suggest finding a way to increase shelf life of healthy, perishable
degree in Agricultural Science. The co-author is Ozbay. She is professor at the university.
These two have done extensive research into the matter of food waste as well as similar
problems. The authors use many sources in this 2014 article. The most reputable source is
the FAO which they refer to often. Others include publications of other authors that are
based off similar sources. Although the authors are biased, I believe their attention to details
Lee, Emily. 10 Easy Ways to Reduce Food Waste at Home : Food Network. FN Dish Food
Instead of discussing all of the global and financial problems food waste is causing, Emily
Lee goes over solutions to these problems that a person can help with on a daily basis to
do their part. A few she lists: use a reusable bag when you go shopping, only shop with a
list in hand, do not buy more than need or more than what you know you can eat. Emily Lee
is an author for the Food Network and writes about various aspects of food production and
waste. She does not use sources as she is giving people ideas of how to reduce the waste
of food. Her articles get a large amount of views because of her association with The Food
Network. This piece is not biased and is a reliable source. Her tips will help me give readers
Leonard, Annie. The Hidden Consequences of Food Waste. The Huffington Post,
Annie Leonard addresses more than just the money loss of food waste. She digs much
deeper and points out that many snack foods are made from palm oil which is being
harvested in other counties. Annie is concerned with this example and others that are
similar, such as destruction of rainforest for cattle grazing, because we are harming a large
majority of rainforests for palm oil when about 40% of those products are thrown out. Not
only has the article been written within the last year, but the information she based her
figures above on are from research done by greenpeace.org which specializes in issues
such as these and she is the director of. The article is biased since Annie is an
environmental activist but has so many amazing points that will benefit my paper. I plan to
use the examples above to show people that it is more than just a snack cake tossed in to
Pothukuchi, Kameshwari, and Jerome L. Kaufman. The Food System. Journal of the American
Kameshwari Pothukuchi and Jerome Kaufman reports in this journal that landfills have
grown larger by 15% in the last 10 years partially due to consumers over buying food, thus
these landfills take up area that could have been used for farming. The authors also suggest
that part of the food we are wasting be donated instead to food panties, homeless shelters
or food banks. This give lower income families access in their time of need and helps with
the ever-growing problem of goods being tossed out. Between the two authors, they have
written at least 4 journal pieces that address the issue of food waste and lack of planning
for proper disposable. They use over 30 citations to compose this journal and some of
these include highly reputable sources such as: Oxford University Press and U.S.
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Government Printing Office. The two keep a very unbiased tone throughout this piece as it
is mainly fact biased. I will use their suggestions on reducing food loss by donating to local
organizations in my paper.
Reducing Wasted Food At Home. EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 17 Apr. 2017,
A couple ways mentioned to help with the food waste issues, which I favored, are conservation of
energy and resources from growing, transporting and manufacturing food, supporting fellow
community members whom are less fortunate, saving a persons bank account and lowers
individuals carbon foot print. Also, befriend your freezer. I like this one. Items like meats and
breads can be put into the freeze, thawed later and cooked. For those perishable items, the person
will cook them first, then freeze them. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is a well-known, pivotal
agency which promotes well-being for crops, land, air clarity, water and multiple other aspects of
the environment, so they are an incredibly reputable source. Also, it was published last month
Sustainability Pathways: Food loss and waste. Sustainability Pathways: Food loss and waste, 9
The FAO argues that the number one way to combat food waste is to raise awareness of
the issue. The FAO does mention that food waste can be either accidental or on purpose,
unlike the other articles. This article says that times when bananas fall out of a truck, for
example, is marked as food waste. This is an issue on the manufacturing side, so does not
influence household waste. However, a person dropping and busting a jar of pickles on the
way home is a similar scenario. This is also accounted for as food waste. The FAO plays the
role as a facilitator and a neutral power. I am not sure if it is biased or not. The FAO is
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biased, leaning toward the side that says food waste is an issue and needs to be resolved.
This article was published in 2013 so I believe it has many relevant points and is a very well-
Times, The New York. Tips to Reduce Food Waste. The New York Times, The New York
In this article about food waste, the author gives fantastic advice on how to reduce this
issue. He recommends wrapping lettuce and cucumbers in paper towels before putting
them in the refrigerator, for example. Do not over fill the crispergive the vegetables
room to breathe, the article says. The New York Times even gives fabulous recipes for
items that are one the verge of spoiling. The New York Times is a best-selling magazine
that reaches many, many people. Their facts are checked and from dependable sources.
This was released in The New York Times in 2015 and is a biased piece. I plan to add
Outline
Attention Getting Statement: I toss $25 in the trash can on a weekly basis, but Im not worried
about it because so do other Americans.
Thesis Statement: After researching food waste, Ive found the statistics related to this issue, the
damages this is causing to earth and our environment as well as solutions to aid in resolving the
amount of food wasted per household.
Body Paragraph 1:
I. Topic Sentence: There is an overwhelming amount of research being done on the
2. Follow Up: FAO reports that 40% of the food purchased by Americans goes to
waste.
2. Follow Up: This number is a total of world-wide food waste and America makes
up 40% of that!
by even 15%, in essence we would have enough food to feed 25 million people. Yes, 25
million people!
2. Follow Up: This is a huge amount of people but chances of us getting the food to
Concluding Sentence: The amount of food waste is appalling. These statistics could
easily be changed if we are more conscientious of our waste.
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Topic Sentence + transition: It is not only wasting money when we waste food, it is
harmful in more ways than we think.
II.
A. First subtopic sentence: The food we waste generally goes into a landfill. So what?
Food decomposes, right? Well it does but not without emitting gases.
2. Follow Up: This gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect. This gas is 28-36
times more powerful than CO2 at trapping heat into the environment.
B. Second subtopic sentence: Methane is not the only culprit for environmental damage.
1. Evidence: Palm oil is a popular ingredient in snack foods. This oil is harvested
2. Follow Up: If we are wasting those foods then we are essentially killing part
C. Third subtopic sentence: Also in Kenya, tropical forests are cut down to make room to
Concluding Sentence: The problems listed above go much, much deeper than just losing
money. So, if that isnt enough reason to help solve the issue then I dont know what is.
Body Paragraph 3:
III. Topic Sentence + transition: There are numerous simple solutions to help reduce
A. First subtopic sentence: The conscious effort to lower the amount of food wasted
1. Evidence: Consumers can make a list of meals they plan to cook, as suggested by
2. Follow Up: Making a list can help discourage the thoughts of impulse buying of
items that are not needed while in the store thus reducing food waste.
B. Second subtopic sentence: Preparing or freezing the perishable foods purchased can
extent their lives and give consumers a better chance to eat them.
1. Evidence: By freezing bread, meat and dessert, they stay edible longer.
2. Follow Up: Also, cooking meals out of perishable items and then freezing that
meal for later use can save those items on the verge of spoiling.
C. Third subtopic sentence: So, if I dont need the item or no one in my family like it,
what do I do?
1. Evidence: The best option, that is often overlooked, is to donate the items not
used.
2. Follow Up: There are a multitude of people who would like to have that can of
beans getting tossed out because no one likes them. It is a fantastic idea to help fellow
community members.
Concluding Sentence: By helping reduce food waste in each individual household, it will
lower the percentage of food waste nationwide, not to mention potentially feed low income
families.
Paragraph IV: In conclusion, the number of food wasted in America is atrocious! There are many
ways to help reduce this overwhelming statistic as well as decrease the harm being done to the
earth and environment. Whether this is accomplished by making a shopping list, donating food
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or preparing/freeze it, we all need to make an effort to decrease the amount of methane being
emitted from landfills and the number of trees being destroyed just to have 40% of it wasted.
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Works Cited
Eatfortheearth. "Food Waste: Causes, Effects, and Solutions." Farm Together Now - The Book
Hickey, Michael E., and Gulnihal Ozbay. Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor
Lee, Emily. 10 Easy Ways to Reduce Food Waste at Home : Food Network. FN Dish Food
Leonard, Annie. The Hidden Consequences of Food Waste. The Huffington Post,
Pothukuchi, Kameshwari, and Jerome L. Kaufman. The Food System. Journal of the American
Reducing Wasted Food At Home. EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 17 Apr. 2017,
Sustainability Pathways: Food loss and waste. Sustainability Pathways: Food loss and waste, 9
Times, The New York. Tips to Reduce Food Waste. The New York Times, The New York
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