APPENDIX B: DRUG STUDY

Patient: M.C.C. Medical Diagnosis: Acute Cholelithiasis

Age: 27 years old Room/Bed Number: 736

Generic Name Indication Mode of Action Adverse Effects Nursing Implications

1. Sucralfate Forms an ulcer-adherent
(Sulcrate) complex at duodenal ulcer Dizziness,
sites, protecting the ulcer sleeplessness, vertigo,
Give drug on an empty
Dose: ½ tab (1 gram) against acid, pepsin, and rash, pruritus,
For treatment of stomach, 1 hour before or 2
Frequency: 2x/day bile salts, thereby constipation, diarrhea,
duodenal ulcer hours after meals and at
Route: Oral promoting ulcer healing; nausea, indigestion
bedtime
also inhibits pepsin activity gastric discomfort, dry
Therapeutic class: in gastric juices mouth, back pain
Antiulcer
Gastric acid-pump
inhibitor: suppresses
2. Esomeprazole gastric acid secretion by
(Nexium) specific inhibition of the
Headache, dizziness,
hydrogen-potassium
rash, inflammation,
Dose: 40 mg ATPase enzyme system at
uticaria, pruritus,
Frequency: now Treatment of the secretory surface of the Obtain baseline liver function
diarrhea, abdominal
Route: Intravenous GERD, erosive gastric parietal cells; tests and monitor periodically
pain, nausea,
esophagitis blocks the final step of during therapy
vomiting,
Therapeutic class: acid production; is broken
constipation, URI
Antisecretory drug less in the first pass
symptoms
Pharmacologic class: through the liver than the
Proton pump inhibitor parent compound
omeprazole, allowing for
increased serum levels
3. Hyoscine N- Relieves Inhibiting cholinergic Constipation, dry
butyl bromide abdominal spasm transmission in the mouth, trouble
 urinating, or nausea
could occur.

Xerostomia,
tachycardia, urinary
(Buscopan) abdomino-pelvic
retention, allergic &
parasympathetic ganglia,
skin reactions, rarely
Dose: 1 tab thus relieving spasm in the
dyspnea (in patients
Frequency: every 8 smooth muscles of
w/ history of
hours as needed for gastrointestinal, biliary,
bronchial asthma or
abdominal pain urinary tract and female Assessment of history, health
allergy). Parenteral V
Route: Oral genital organs, especially teaching regarding
isual accommodation
the cervico-uterine plexus overdosage of drug and
disturbance,
Therapeutic class: Anti- and aiding cervical reliance
infrequently inj site
intestinal motility dilatation
pain (after IM inj),
rarely anaphylactoid
reactions &
anaphylactic shock

4. Meperidine Relief of moderate Acts as agonist at specific Lightheadedness, Health teaching regarding
(Demerol) to severe acute opioid receptors in the dizziness, sedation, side effects, don’t let patient
pain CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, dysphoria, stand abruptly after
Dose: 50 mg euphoria, sedation; the facial flushing, administration of drug
Frequency: now receptors mediating these peripheral circulatory
Route: Intramuscular effects are thought to be collapse, nausea,
the same as those vomiting, dry moith,
Therapeutic class: mediating the effects of ureteral spasm,
Analgesic endogenous opioids respiratory depression,
Pharmacologic class: apnea, circulatory
Opioid agonist- depression, respiratory
antagonist analgesic arrest, shock, cardiac
arrest
 5. Ketorolac
(Kortezor)
Headache
Tell patient that dizziness and
Dose: 40 mg Dizziness
drowsiness may occur so
Frequency: every 4 Anti-inflammatory and Rash
Short-term monitor patient’s activity
hours analgesic activity, inhibits Pruritus
management of
Route: Intravenous prostaglandins and Sweating
pain (up to 5 days) Assess patient due to
leukotriene synthesis Nausea
increased risk for CV events.
Therapeutic class: Dyspepsia
GI bleeding, renal toxicity
Antipyretic, Analgesic GI pain
Pharmacologic class:
NSAID
6. Nalbuphine
Sedation
(Nalphine) Relief of moderate
Clamminess
to severe pain Nalbuphine acts as an
Sweating
Dose: 10 mg agonist at specific opioid Keep opioid antagonist and
Headache
Frequency: every 8 Preoperative receptors in the CNS to facilities for assisted or
Restlessness
Route: Intravenous analgesia, as a produce analgesia and controlled respiration
Hypotension
supplement to sedation but also acts to available in case of
Hypertension
Therapeutic class: surgical anesthesia, cause hallucinations and is respiratory depression
Nausea and Vomiting
Analgesic and for obstetric an antagonist at mu
Dyspnea
Pharmacologic class: analgesia during receptors
Asthma
Opioid agonist- labor and delivery
antagonist analgesic