‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.001LE Refer to Example 5 in the text book. The change in output current is 1% of the reference current. Alo =( 5) (00 na) Al, =1 pA The output resistance is, VjL _ Vy ( nal Eee Ate rn, =e Allg {20x10°)2 4 (100x10*) 1x10" 100 oF 10° Thus, the value of z is Em] (since, 1) = Inee) Step 2 of 2 Choose the value of the aspect ratio as 10. wv —=10 L W=l0L W =10(5 pm) Thus, the value of W is [50 uml .Stop 1 of6 8.001P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. t= thE) Var-vF Substitute 100 pA for Jy. 500 pA/V? for x". 0.5 ym for £ . 5 um for Fy and 0.4 V for ¥, 1004 =4(500 (5H -04) (Yjg~0.4)¢ = 1008 (500 #)| 9: ‘) ? = 2 (Yes -O4) = 5 (Vos -0.4)* = 0.04 Veg -0.4= 0.04 Veg -0.4= 40.2 Step 2 of 6 Solve for the value of Ks Veg -0.4=-0.2 Vg =-0.2404 Veg 20.2.V Or Veg -0.4=0.2 Veg = 0.2404 Veg =0.6V The value of Ves should be less greater than the value of y, for the transistor to operate in saturation region. Hence, the required value of Vg, is 0.6 V - Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current J, . 12% -h, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 1.3 V for Vy and 0.6 V for We, . 100 w= 13-06 07 100 p= 22 BR Solve for the value of R 07 Ree 100 4 =7kQ Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 4 of 6 The value of the output voltage will be minimum when Vy =Vgg —V, . Hence, calculate the value of the output voltage. Vorin = Ves —Y Substitute 0.6 V for Va, and 0.4 V for ¥, . Vionin =0.6-0.4 =02V Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage W,., is Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source r, VIL 4, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 0.5 ym for Z and 5 V/pA for y,’ . , = wi(05n) ” 100 ys -25_ 100 = 25k Therefore, the value of the output resistance of the current source 7,4 is : Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source ,, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. Substitute 0,5 V for AVy and 25 kQ for ry - 0s 25k=— Aly Solve for the value of A, 0.5 Alo 35K =20pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current AJ, iStop 1 of5 8 .002E Write the expression for the drain current of the transistor Q, . Ip, =10 pA Substitute Zp, =10 WA.’ = 200 pA/V?, L, =1 pm and Voy =0.2 V 10x10 = }{o00n104)( (02) 4, =10x10* 10x10* 4 =2.5 pm Thus, the value of MH, is : me Step 2 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, il Substitute J, =60 WA . Jpep = 10 pA and = 2.5 pm 60x10% = =(ox10* (Fs 3) (since, Z, = L,) 2.5 ®, -(33}{o010*) =15x10* =15 pm Thus, the value of W, is Step 3 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, a1 (Malls =o re) Substitute J, = 20 WA . Ipgp =10 pA andi, = 2.5 pm. W, ys = *){ — ir = 20x10 = (10x10 (< ) (since, L, = L,) 2.5 me (22)(e0«10+) =5x10% m =Spm Thus, the value of By, is . Step 4 of 5 Equate the expressions of the currents J, and J, (shee “(Bh (2 )om =12.5 pm Thus, the value of WY, is Step 5 of 5 The transistors @, and Q, are matched current mirrors. L 4 Whi) 1 (lL) w, (22) (25 nm) =50 pm Thus, the value of , is [50 wm].Stop 1 017 8 .002P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the value of Ves . Ves "Von +V, Substitute 0.3 V for Vein and 0.5 V for V, . Ves = 0.3405 =08V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 0.8 V - Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the drain current, i . jpatonmles Substitute 150 pA for J, 1.8 V for Vy, and 0.8 V for Vag - 1.8-0.8 150 SO p= R 1 150 Hea Solve for the value of R . R= 160» = 6.67 k2 Therefore, the value of the resistor R Step 3 of7 Calculate the value of the change in the output current, Aly . Alp =(10%) In =0.Mp Substitute 150 pA for I, Aly =0.1(150 ) =15 pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current Af, is, 15 pA . Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the change in output voltage, AV, AV y =Vy —Vowsn Substitute 1.8 V for Vy and 0,3 V for Vyas, AV, =1.8-03 =15V Therefore, the value of the output voltage AV, is, 1.5 V Step 5 of7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source, 1, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. My ta ap Substitute 1,5 V for AV, and 15 wA for Al, 15 Sp =100k2 Ta? Therefore, the value of the output resistance ,, is, 100 kQ - Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source y,, in terms of early effect and drain current. VAL al Substitute 150 pA for J, . 100 kQ for 7, and 10 V/pA tory’ - 10/1 p)(Z) 150 Solve for the value of J, . 150 1)(100 k’ p= £150 #)(100 &) (10/1 ») =15 pm Therefore, the value of the length Z of the device is, . 100 k= Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the output current, Zp . 1 Ww 2 Ip= $aeu)( Ve hy) Substitute 150 pA for Jy , 400 pA/V? for 4,C,, 1.5 pm for £ . 0.8 V for Vos and 0,5 V for ¥, 150 u=2 (400 a(S Jeos- 05) Solve for the value of W - 150 n= 2400 a(S )oe- 0s)" We 2)(150 w)(1.5 ») (400 »)(0.8-0.5)' 450p (400 n)(0.3) _ 450 p 7” Tae0 (008) = 450p “ae =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of width of the device # is, . Ww" it Step 1 of 2 8.003E Write the expression of the output current of a BJT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. ¥,-¥, I,=1, sa [ttm cel mal Veg Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio my = 1. 1 ( "a= *u 15 = Ieee] —— |] 1+ oy del Var B Substitute 1 mA for Ipge, 100 for f, 5V for Vy and 0.7 V for Vgp - >) J, =(Ix107) vs =(tx10°)(-5 Jo.08) = 1.02107 =1.02 mA Thus, the value of fy is [1-02 mal. Step 2 of 2 Calculate the output resistance. i = 1x10 =100 k Thus, the value of the resistance #,, is 100 ‘since, desired current mirror 1 = InceStop 1 of6 8 .003P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Ves Ves Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Notice that the value of ¥,,, in NMOS circuit represents the values of Vg, in PMOS circuit. Calculate the value for the maximum value of the drain to source voltage, Vase: - Vom = Vom —Vss Substitute 1,3 V for Veg and 1.1 V for Wa, - Vosea, =1.1-1.3 =02V Therefore, the value of the voltage Wye is, -0,2 V - Step 3 of 6 The value of the voltage Vygq., should be equal to Vas —V, - Vos =Vas—V, Substitute -0.2 V for Vogue, and -0,4 V for ¥, - 0.2 = V5 -(-0.4) Veg =-0.2-04 Ves =-0.6 V Therefore, the value of the gate to source voltage Vos 8, -0.6 V - Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the voltage at the gate terminal, V7, Vg =Veg—Vog BV tVes Substitute ~0.6 V for Vo, and 1.3 V for Ve, . V, =1.3-06 =07V Therefore, the value of the voltage V, is, 0,7 V - Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance, R - pete Jue Substitute 0,7 V for Vz and 80 A for Zprp - Therefore, the value of the resistor R , is Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current, 4 . 1 Ww Io=S(46u)( )Yae-K) Substitute 80 WA for fy. 80 pA/V? for 4,C,, . -0.6 V for Vas and -0.4 V for V, 1 Ww 80 n= 5(80 »(F)os--oay Ww 2 =3(7)(-06+04) 2 -(Z)-oay L Ww 2=| — |(0.04 (Z}oo Solve for the value of z . als 0 Therefore, the ratio of the width to length * should be ." it Step 1 of 3 8.004E Refer to Figure 7.30 in the text book. Write the expression for the output current of a BUT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. 1g = Tees ‘Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio, m=1 (since, I, = 1g, =J5) - 1 %-V, Ig * Ipex| || 1+ ° |r| iz] B Determine the value of Inge - 0.5%10" = pgp 5 (+2327) (since, Vyp = 0.7 V) 14 “100 1 0.5x10? = Iyer| —— (1.026 * w(raa)t ) _f 1.02 s Tue 3 2 V(oseio" ) =0.497x107 Thus, the value of the current Ippp iS : Step 2 of 3 Find the value for current limiting resistor. Rate Fase $-0.7 2007 0.497x10" =8,65kQ Thus, the value of the resistance R is Step 3 of 3 The transistor 2 and 2, must be in saturation to act as current mirror network. Vowin = Veema =03V Thus, the value of Vyas, is Determine the output current for VW, =5 V. 1 Va -V, fo= hae| Tat [12 B =(0497x10") or ( +527) (since, Vag = 0.7 V) 100 =(0497x 19°)( 5; ](.086) =0.529x10° A 0.53 mA Thus, the value of the current J, is .Stop 1 of5 8 .004P Refer to Figure 7.23 in the textbook for the circuit Channel width of transistor Q, is five times the channel width of transistor Q, . W, =H, The transistors have equal channel length. Leak, The output current of the current mirror circuit is, (, (7) a =], a L Substitute Z, for Ly . SH; for Wand 20 WA for Igep in the equation. To = Tree SW, Io = (20x10) * L = (20x10*)(5) =100x10% Hence, the output current is, Jy =100 wAJ - Step 2 of 5 Minimum allowable value of ¥, is equal to over drive voltage. Vo(min)= Vos, = Yor =02V The over drive voltage is, Vor = Vos VY, Vos = Voy + ¥, Vigg = 0.2 + 0.5 =0.7V Step 3 of 5 The drain current in linear region is, CL), neta) (7) Van Ww The condition for nominal value of current is (¢ - Substitute this in the equation. Tree G 1 V— Ves E=Nes 9 20 Y= Ves =0.7V Thus, the output voltage is, Step 4 of 5 The output resistance is, Rergete Tn =—2_ ~ 100x107 =200x10° Step 5 of 5 Write the equation for output resistance. NA =r, =e Renton Al, Rearrange the equation. Substitute 200 kQ for R, and 1 V for AV, in the equation 1 ~ 20x10" =SpA Thus, the change in drain current is, |AJ, Al,Stop 1 of5 8.005E Refer to Figure E7.19 in the text book. Modify the circuit diagram by marking currents as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 The transistors pairs, (QpersQ)) » (QpersQ,) +--+ (QuersQ,) act as current mirror networks whose collector currents are equal to J, . Apply Kirchhoff current law to the base node of the transistor, Q, oto Ne BB (+N) pot ttte & Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law to the collector node of the transistor Oper - Fase =I +t (+ N)ig Type = 1g + free = Io B bag =| 6529] Step 4 of 5 For a maximum deviation of 10% from the unity, choose the value of Ipge as 1A. Calculate the value of J, for fppe =1.A 10 1g =1-[| — o{(R)0) I,=1-01 1p=09A Substitute J, = 0.9 A in equation (1). fo 1 _ Tse Cz) B oot 1 (1+) oD (14N))_ oso 1 29048) 100 Simpify further. 0.9(1+N) 10 71-09 09 0.9(14 N) =0.1x100 0.94+0.9N =10 Step 5 of 5 Simplify further. 0.9N =10-0.9 0.9N =9.1 91 N=— 09 N=101 The deviation is less than 10%. Choose an integer value such that, W <10 Therefore, the maximum possible number of outputs for an error not exceeding 10% is [9]‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.005P Refer to Figure P7.50 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents J, and f, as shown in Figure 1. V, 2, Step 2 of 3 The current reference {pep is applied at the drain terminal of transistor Q) . From the circuit, the drain and gate terminals of Q, are connected, which pushes the transistor Q, into saturation region. The gate voltage of transistor Q, is same as gate voltage of transistor Q, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network The current flowing in the drain terminal of transistor Q, is J, . The relation between Iggp and J, is, 1 _ (#4), Trae (WIL), Here, (WIL), indicates a transistor aspect ratio. (= 2 Step 3 of 3 The current flowing in the transistor Q, is J, - From the circuit diagram, the drain voltage of transistor Q, is equal to gate voltage of transistors Q, and Q, which in tum drives the transistor into saturation region. ‘Since the current flowing into the gate of the MOSFET is zero, the current {, is, Lt, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network Relation between J, and J, is, Jy _ (WL), 1, ~ (Wi), 2) 4 -(Gak} Substitute f, for J, in the equation. h -( a } h (WL), Substitute (Src for J, in the equation. (Wi), rN a (72), WA), =| Thus, the output current of the circuit in terms of reference current Ippp is. we}Stop 1 of6 8. 006E Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current J, To = Agloy Substitute § for A, and 100 pA for Jy . 1,=(5)(100 2) = 500 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 A - Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ra Rah Ig Substitute 20 V/um for y,'. 40k for Ry, and S00 pA for Jy 20 (2h) 40~2V #2 500 p L _ (40k) 500 y) yu) - 20 L,=1ym Therefore, the value ofthe length £, is [am] . The value of the length Z, is equal to the value of the length J, , therefore, the value of the L, is [um] Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sm Substitute | ko for Ry, 1 lk=— Smt 1 1k 8m =1 mS Sn = Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is | mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 2p fan Z Substitute 100 wA for J, and | mA for g,y - m= 2(!00 nH) ‘ov 3-200 “Im Voy =0.2V Vou Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Voy is 0,2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy - ene Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .1 mA for gy, . 1 pum for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,.Coy 1m=(400 w(#.}(o2) w= (im)(1 my) += [400 )(02) W =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width W, is : Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain 4, . p= (till) (W/L) Substitute 12.5 um for W, . § for A, and L, for L, 52 (alt) (20 n/Z,) R, Se (12.54) W,=(8)(1254) W, =62.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width WY isVeep tots 8. 006P Refer to Figure P8 6 from the text book, Identify the volages inthe circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Val V Va=1V Ss = Vg TV Vg V Stop 2 of 15 Consider the expression forthe vollage. Vega Voom 2h Vesa Substitute 1 for Vas and 0.8 V © Views Vocus =0.8=1 =02V Therefore, the value ofthe voltage Voges i: -0.2 V Step 3.01 15 The value ofthe voltage Voras Should be equal o Vag, =F, . Hence, Vosmms = Vesa Vy Substitute 0.2 V for Fatma: and 0.5 V tor Vy 0.2=V.5, -(-05) Vesa =-02-05 Voy =-07V Therefore, the value ofthe gate to source volage Veg iS. -0.7V - Stop 401 15 Calculate the value of the vollage at the gate terminal, Kes . Substitute 0,7 V for Veg, and 1 V for Vegy 0.7 =03V Therefore, the value of the votlage Ves is, 03 V Step 501 15 Calculate the value of the resistance, ¥, 28k nee Substitute 0,3 V for Veg and 20 pA for Tyee - Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 6 of 15 Consider the expression forthe drain current. Iyep (0400) Ya-H} Substiute 20 MA. for Lapp «100 pA/V? 10° 4,Cy 0.7 V 101 Keg. 0.5 um for Zand -0.5 V fr % 20 = (100 o(g 07 (-0.8))" 1 =o Zo rorosy {ele ho Solve for the value of # (Zo 25pm The, he vos oe win Stop 7 01 15 Consider the expression for he drain current, f ho ecal(E)Ya-K) Substitute 100 wA for F,. 100 pa/V? for y,C,, . 0.7 V for Vos . 0.5 pm for £ and -9,5 for y 100 w: = 4100 a(t or-coay 1 (fi )-0 +05)? 2-| (So )o2r [aes 5 009 Solve forthe value ot Fi, m-(2okosn) =25 um Thotetoe, he value ofthe with . Step 8 of 15 Consider the expression for the drain current. J Substitute 40 pA for J. 100 pA/V? fr 4,C, » 0.7 V for Fog . 0.5 ym for £ and 9,5 V for 40 w= 3100 w( ae 7-(-0: s))' o4= (ee) +05) 08: “(roar Solve for the value ot F¥, Bios ») =10 um Therefore, he vai of teat Step 9.01 15 Consider the expression forthe voltage, Vga Voss = "Ves Substitute -1 V for Fas a4 0.8 V 10" Voges =-08-(-1) =08+1 =02V ‘Therefore, the value of the velage Vosexesi6, 0.2 V Stop 10 of 15, ‘The value ofthe voltage Vogu., should 26 equal to Voss —V, Hence, Vrsmes = Voss Yue Substitute 0.2 V 00 Vossnes 2nd 0.5 V for ¥,, 022V% 5-08 Veg 02405 Veus= 07 Therefore, he value of the gale to source vollage Yes, iS, 0.7 V Step 11 of 15, Consider the expression for the drain curert. Zy tanta) %) ar) Substiute 40 wA for J, . 400 wA/V? for 1,Cu. 0.7 V or Hog . 0.5 ym for L and 0,5:V for ¥, y, 40 1 =4(400 y){ Me #2340 Wlosn 1 aes -lo2y 02: (Boar 02 (zt, }foo \(0.7-0.5) Step 12 0f 15, sohe keto ve oH 02 ¥.-(2 jose =6.5 um Therefore, he value of the width W, is, Step 13.0115, Consider the expression for the drain current, Ig te Maca 2\a-nF Substitute 80 pA for J,. 400 pA/V? for u,C,, . 0.7 V for og . 0S um for £ and 0,5 V for 804: 3400 wf \(0.7-0.5)° 1-110 }oar 2s (Soar 2-| (H}ioo Solve forthe value of Ff, ne(eo =Sum Thertore, he vaue ote wlan W's [Sam] Step 14 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance », of the current source @ Substuie $ V/um for Vi, 0.5 um for L and 100 pA for J - 7, SOS 0) 210% =25iR Therefore, the value ofthe output resistance x, ofthe curent source Q, is. [25RD Stop 15 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance 1, ofthe current sink Q, Vide 4 ny Substitute $V/um for ¥4, . 0.5 ym for L and 80 pA for Z, - Therefore, the value of the outgut resistance xz, of the current sink , is, [31.25 QQ