LESER Global Standard LGS 0204

Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 1/7

Content
1 Purpose .......................................................................................................... 1
2 Scope .............................................................................................................. 1
3 References ..................................................................................................... 1
4 Introduction .................................................................................................... 2
5 Test procedures at LESER ............................................................................ 2
6 Scope of testing Welds ................................................................................. 7
7 Documentation............................................................................................... 7
8 Personnel qualification ................................................................................. 7

1 Purpose
This LESER Global Standard (LGS) will list the standard requirements and describe the
procedure during the penetrant testing at LESER and its documentation.
At LESER the penetrant testing is applied for metallic material such as cast, forgings and

protected
welding lines.

2 Scope
This LGS applies to all members of the LESER quality cluster as defined in the global
quality management manual.

3 References
AD 2000-Merkblatt A4: 2013-10, Bodies of component parts; Tests before operation

DIN EN ISO 3452-1.2013-09, Non-destructive test- penetrant testing - Part 1- General

foundations

DIN EN ISO 3452-3: 2012-04, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing - Part 3 -

calibration block
DIN EN ISO 3452-4: 1999-02, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing - Part 4- devices
DIN EN ISO 3059: 2013-02, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic
particle examination, viewing conditions

DIN EN 10228-2: 1998-06, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings- Part 2: Penetrant

testing

DIN EN 1371: 1997/1998, Founding - Liquid Penetrant Testing

DIN EN ISO 9712: 2012-12, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of

personnel of non-destructive tests - General foundations

DIN EN 10204:2005-01, Metallic products, types of inspection certificates

SNT-TC 1A:2011, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non-destructive Testing

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 2/7

ASME Code Section V: 2013, Nondestructive Examination. Article 6 - Liquid Penetrant

Examination SE-165 Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination

ASME B 16.34: 2013,, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End Mandatory

Appendices III-Liquid Penetrant Examination: Procedure and Acceptance Standards

LDeS 0287.99, Regulative requirements regarding welding components at LESER safety

valves

4 Introduction
The penetrant testing belongs to the non-destructive tests and is a procedure to detect
surface flaws like cracks, overlappings, laps, pores and binding flaws that are open in
direction of the testing surface.
The principle of the penetrant testing procedure is that a penetrant agent, due to its
specific characteristics tends to spread optimally on a surface and will simultaneously

protected
penetrate into any existing surface flaws.
The superfluous penetrant agent is removed from the surface and the developer is
applied. The developer takes up the penetrant, in the flaws remaining penetrant agent and
this will result in a clearly visible and amplified indication of flaws up to the m- measuring
area.

5 Test procedures at LESER

5.1 Test instructions

The penetrant testing has to be carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3452-1
according to a written test instruction. This requirement shall determine the test
parameters such that the test is always carried out the same way.

5.2 Test depth

The penetrant testing is carried out at LESER in accordance with testing schedule.

5.3 Test procedure

The testing system carried out at LESER is realised by using two methods:
Fluorescent penetrant testing (penetrating)
Dye penetrant testing (red and white test)

5.4 Testing facility

The specifications stipulated for LESER used penetrant test devices comply with
DIN EN ISO 3452-4.
The fluorescent penetrant testing (penetrating) is carried out in a penetrant facility.
The dye penetrant testing (red and white test) is carried out on a special testing bench.

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 3/7

5.5 Test media

5.5.1 Penetrant systems, description

A penetrant system is understood to be a combination of the following test media:
penetrant agent, interim cleaning agent and developer.

There are different testing systems for penetrant testing. You may only use
DIN EN ISO 3452-3 approved and sample tested penetrant systems.

To the approved penetrant system used for penetrant testing a description is assigned
stating the type, the procedure and the kind of test media and a number for the sensitivity
class.

Approved techniques, Types and Methods at LESER:

Penetrant Penetrant removal Developer

protected
Type Name Methode Name Type Name

I Fluorescent penetrant A water a Dry developer application

II Visible penetrant B water b Wet developer application

c
C solvent

According to ASME Code Section V, Article VI for each penetrant technique, the
followings types of penetrant systems shall be used:
Type I, Method A, - Fluorescent, water washable
Type II, Methods A und C - Visible, water washable and solvent removable

5.5.2 Sensitivity
The sensitivity class of the stated penetrant system has been determined using the
calibration block 1 in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3452-3.
The determined class is only valid for the sample testing approved penetrant system.

5.5.3 Compatibility of the test media, compatibility with the test object
The test media has to be compatible with the materials of the parts to be tested and its
final use. The test media of a system has to be compatible with each other.
Penetrant agents of different manufacturers may not be mixed when filling the facility.
Escaped penetrant agent may not be replaced by penetrant agents of different
manufacturers.

5.5.4 Control of contaminants

LESER shall obtain certification of contaminant content for all liquid penetrant materials
used on nickel base alloys, austenitic stainless steels, and titanium. These certifications
shall include the penetrant manufacturers` batch numbers

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 4/7

When examining nickel base alloys or austenitic stainless steels or titanium, all penetrant
materials shall be analysed individually for chlorine and fluorine content.
The sulphur respectively chlorine and fluorine content shall be analysed as required by
ASME Code, Section V, Article 6, Par. T- 641.

5.6 Test procedure

5.6.1 Preparation and pre-treatment

The surface to be tested has to be clean and free from oil, grease, moulding compound
and finish residues or any other contaminations that may interfere with the test.
The penetrant testing has to be carried out on castings in delivery condition.

In as far as necessary the pre-treatment will be carried out using a mechanical, chemical
procedure or using a combination of this procedure. This has to ascertain that the testing
surface has to be free of residues and that the penetrant agent is able to penetrate any

protected
surface flaws.

Mechanical pre-treatment
When removing tinder, slag, and rust etc. by brushing, sanding, grinding, blasting it has to
be ascertained that the surface flaws are not covered by a densification of the surface or
are covered or sealed by abrasions.

Chemical pre-treatment
The chemical pre-treatment is carried out by using suitable chemical cleaning agents to
remove residues like grease, oil, dye or corrosives.
Residues of the chemical agent have to be removed from the testing surface.

Drying after preparation

In the last stage of the pre-treatment the test samples have to be completely dried with a
cloth or by drying off so that neither water nor solvent will remain in the surface flaws.

A minimum period of time shall be established to ensure that the cleaning solution has
evaporated prior to application of the penetrant. Minimum time limits for drying after
preparation shall be 5 minutes (Table T- 621.3).

5.6.2 Penetrant Application

Methods of application
The penetrant agent is applied by dipping (fluorescent penetrant testing), spraying or
brushing (dye penetrant testing) it on the sample to be tested. The work piece temperature
should be between +10C to +50C.

Penetration (dwell) time:

Penetrant time is critical. The minimum penetration time shall be as shown in the table
below, or as qualified by demonstration for specific applications.

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 5/7

The surface to be tested has to be completely covered during the entire reaction time.
The penetrant agent may not start drying during the penetrant procedure.
The maximum penetration (dwell) time shall not exceed 2 hours or are qualified by
demonstration for specific application.

The penetration time T- 672 is defined at LESERs as follows and shall be applied in the
Work Instruction:

Table T- 672
Minimum penetration (dwell) time
Material Form Type of discontinuities Dwell times,
(minutes)
Castings and welds Cold shuts, porosity, lack of 5

protected
Steel, titanium and fusion, cracks (all forms)
high temperature alloys Wrought material Laps, cracks 10
extrusions, forgings,
plate

5.6.3 Penetrant Removal

After the required penetrant dwell time, the excess penetrant on the surface being
examined must be removed.
Fluorescent penetrant testing
Removal will be done using water at normal tap pressure and at room temperature without
use of a nozzle. During the removal the surface has to be examined for penetrant agent
residues. When using fluorescent penetrant agent (penetrant facility) this will be done by
using the exposure of a UV light with a minimum UV-A exposure intensity on the testing
surface of 300 W / m.
After that the surface should be cleaned with a clean, lint- free cloth moistened with
solvent.
Dye penetrant testing (red-white test)
Removal is done by cleaning with a clean, lint- free cloth.
Drying
After removing the superfluous penetrant agent the testing surface has to be dried as
quickly as possible:
- in the oven at max. 50C for tested parts used with the fluorescent penetrant testing
procedure (penetrant facility)
- by flow of air, free of water and oil, with a pressure as low as possible for dye penetrant
testing.
The drying procedure of the testing surface has to be carried out in such a manner that the
drying of the penetrant agent in the surface flaws is prevented.

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 6/7

5.6.4 Developing
The developer is applied evenly on the surface. During the development a capillary active
substance is applied, which can take up the penetrant agent from the flawed area. Due to
this the flawed area appears to be larger and will be seen more easily.

The application of the developers has to be done immediately after the penetrant removal.

Developing time begins:

- immediately after the application for dry powder developer or
- as soon as the wet developer coating is dry.
Dye penetrant testing (red-white test)
Wet developers (water-based suspension) will be used for the red-white test.
An even and thin application the developer so that the underground is just covered must
be obtained.

protected
Fluorescent penetrant testing
Dry developer will only be used in connection with a fluorescent penetrant agent. This has
to be applied evenly by whirling on the testing surface immediately after the penetrant
removal.

5.6.5 Inspection, viewing conditions

The first inspection of the testing surface should be carried out immediately after the
application of the developer and/or the drying of the developer. In this way indications can
be interpreted in a better way.

The final inspection shall be made not less than ten minutes not more than 60 min after
the requirements of developing time are satisfied.

The control of the viewing conditions are conform to DIN EN ISO 3059 and
ASME Code Section V, Article 6, T- 676 Requirements.

Dye penetrant agent

During dye penetrant testing, the testing surface should be examined under artificial light
with an exposure intensity of at least 1000 Lux on the testing surface. Reflections should
be avoided.

Fluorescent penetrant agent

The test sample is exposed to UV-A light in a darkened room. The UV- A exposure
intensity on the testing surface has to be greater than 1000 W / cm and the exposure
intensity of the environment has to be smaller than 20 Lux. Before the test the eyes of the
tester should adapt to the lower environmental light for some time. The UV-A light should
be switched on a 5 minutes before the test to ascertain the required exposure intensity.

The tester should avoid looking directly into the UV-A light or areas reflecting the light.
Photo chromatic glasses may not be worn.

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.
 LESER Global Standard LGS 0204
Liquid Penetrant Testing Page 7/7

Calibration
Light meters shall be calibrated at least once three months. In case the vendor defines a
shorter calibration interval, the vendors interval must be applied.

5.6.6 Post cleaning

A secondary cleaning is only required in the cases where remnants of the penetrant test
media could affect the further application of the part tested. Corrosion protection when
required only.

5.6.7 Evaluation of the indications

All indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards specifications.
The castings will be evaluated in accordance with DIN EN 1371 and ASME B16.34
appendix III.
The evaluation of the penetrant testing at the welding seams will be carried out in
accordance with regulations and standards for welding seams stipulated in LDeS 0287.99.

protected
For forgings the evaluation and acceptance criteria apply acc. to EN 10228-2 and ASME
B16.34 appendix III.

6 Scope of testing Welds

According AD-2000 Merkblatt A4 must be all pressurized weld components category IV to
100% NDT checked. LESER make this sure that 100% of all welds will be checked by
surface crack testing and in addition X-ray as sampling inspection according AD-2000
Merkblatt HP 5/3. With this test procedure will be also fulfilled ASME VIII 1 UW-11.

7 Documentation
The results of the testing is completed in an inspection certificate 3.1 acc. to DIN EN
10204 to Customer Order only. The requirements for the inspection certificate according to
DIN EN ISO 3452-1 are defined in various LGF.
The charge number is recorded and archived in the incoming goods department.

8 Personnel qualification
Personnel that perform penetrant examination are qualified and certified in accordance
with DIN EN ISO 9712 and SNT-TC-1A Level I.
Personnel with oversight responsibilities for examinations performed are certified to
NDT Level II in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9712 and SNT-TC-1A.

Personnel that only perform inspection activities of production processes and no

inspection activities according to international regulations such as the PED or ASME
codes are internally trained and qualified to perform the inspections but are not required to
be certified according to DIN EN ISO 9712 and SNT-TC-1A.

disclosure cat.: II proofread: Ku published date: 02/20/17 effect. date: 02/17

author: La released by: KB replaces: 221-04 status: Published
resp. depart.: QM date of release: 02/20/17 revision No.: 4
doc. type: LGS change rep. No.: NA retention period: 10y.