University of the Philippines

College of Science

PHYSICS 73
Final Exam
Set A

2nd semester
AY 2010 - 2011
INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the best answer and shade the corresponding circle in your
answer sheet. To change your answer, cross-out and sign your original answer and then
shade your new answer.

Scientific Constants:
ideal gas constant: R = 8.314 J/molK = 0.08206 Latm/molK
Boltzmann constant: k = 1.38110-23 J/moleculeK
Stefan-Boltzmann constant: = 5.6710-8 W/m2K4
1 atmosphere = 1.01105 Pascal
1000 liter = 1 m3
Avogadros number: NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol
e=1.602176462 x 10-19 C
1 eV = 1.602176462 x 10-19 J
me= 9.10938188 x10-31 kg (electron mass)
mp=1.67262158 x 10-27 kg (proton mass)
= 1.054571596 x 10-34 Js =6.582118893 x 10-16 eVs
h=6.62606876 x10-34 Js = 4.135667273 x10-15 eVs
B =9.27400899 x 10-24 J/T (Bohr magneton)
0=8.854187817 x 10-12 C2/ (Nm2) (permittivity of vacuum)

INFORMATION ABOUT WATER:

normal freezing point = 273.15 K = 0.00oC
normal boiling point = 373.15 K = 100.00oC
triple-point temperature = 273.16 K = 0.01oC
specific heat (liquid water) = 4.19103 J/kgK
specific heat (ice) = 2.10103 J/kgK
latent heat of fusion = 3.34105 J/kg
latent heat of vaporization = 2.256106 J/kg

Thermodynamics

1. The highest temperature ever recorded near the Earths surface (not in direct sunlight) is around
57.8C. What is this in Fahrenheit?
A. 49.9 F
B. 14.3F
C. 162F
D. 136F
E. 46.4F

2. A fluid in a tube thermometer was calibrated by placing it in direct contact with ice then with
boiling water and recording the height of the fluid. The corresponding heights are 20.0 cm and 100 cm.
What will be the height of the fluid when it is placed in contact with an object with temperature
50.0oF?
a. 22.2 cm
b. 28.0 cm
c. 80.0 cm
d. 40.0 cm
e. 60.0 cm

3. HEAT. A nail driven into a board increases in temperature. Assume that 60 % of the kinetic energy
delivered by a 1.8 kg hammer with a speed of 7.8 m/s is transformed into heat that flows into the nail.
The temperature increase of the 8 grams aluminum nail is _____ degrees Celsius. The specific heat of
aluminum is 910 J/(kg K).

A. 1.51
B. 2.51
C. 3.51
D. 4.51
E. 5.51
4. Which of the following statements regarding the mechanisms of heat transfer is true?
a. Heat transfer between two objects via convection can occur even without any medium.
b. Heat transfer via convection naturally involves actual flow and mixing of materials.
c. A net heat transfer via radiation occurs only if the interacting systems have different
temperatures.
d. In general, gases are better heat conductors than metals.
e. Radiation is emitted only if the system and the environment have different temperatures.

5. A room with dimensions 7.00 m X 8.00 m X 2.50 m is filled with pure oxygen at 22.0 C and
pressure 1.00 atm. How many moles of oxygen is in the room?

A. 5.78 x 103 moles

B. 7.75 x 104 moles
C. 5.71 x 102 moles
D. 0.765 moles
E. 765 moles

6. What is the root-mean-square speed of a Helium gas (molar mass = 4.00 g/mol) maintained at a
temperature of 323 K.
A. 141 m/s
B. 819 m/s
C. 284 m/s
D. 44.9 m/s
E. 1.42x103 m/s

7. Heating at constant pressure. How much heat in Joules is needed to heat 2.00 moles of hydrogen
gas (a diatomic gas) so that its temperature is increased from 20 to 100 C, while keeping the pressure
constant? Assume that the heat capacity at constant volume of hydrogen is well-approximated by the
equipartition theorem.

A. 2.00 kJ
B. 19.7 J
C. 4.66 kJ
D. 2.49 kJ
E. 9.31 kJ

8. Consider the following PV diagram for a thermodynamic system consisting of a non-ideal gas in a
piston. Which of the following paths from state A to state B results to the largest amount of work done
by a thermodynamic system?
A.

B.

C.

D.

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E. All paths correspond to same amount of work done

9. Which of the following physical quantities cannot be used to describe the state of a system?
a. temperature
b. pressure
c. internal energy
d. entropy
e. work

10. A system consists of an ideal gas in a cylinder with a piston, and its initial volume is 2.0
m3. The system absorbs heat Q = 3300 J and expands to twice its initial volume while
maintaining the pressure at 800 Pa. Calculate the change in its internal energy.

a. 1700 J
b. 4900 J
c. 2900 J
d. 3700 J
e. -4900 J

11. What is the efficiency of a heat engine which does 3.25 kJ of work and releasing 2.13 kJ
of heat to the surroundings?
A. 0.213
B. 0.294
C. 0.604
D. 0.459
E. 0.575

12. A refrigerator removes 6.7 kJ of heat while using 4.5 kJ of energy. What is its coefficient
of performance?
a. 0.67
b. 1.49
c. 0.33
d. 3.04
e. 2.04

13. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Work can be converted completely into heat without violating the 2 nd Law.
B. Heat can be converted completely into work without violating the 2 nd Law.
C. Work that has been converted into heat can be recovered completely for use.
D. If a process violates the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, it also violates the 1st Law.
E. None of the above

14. A Carnot refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 10.3. What is its efficiency if it
is run as an engine?
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A. 1.00
B. 0.912
C. 0.0885
D. 0.0971
E. Not enough information

15. Which of the following statements regarding entropy is incorrect?

a. Entropy is a quantitative measure of disorder in a system.
b. An increase in entropy is associated with an increase in the amount of energy
available for doing work.
c. The second law of thermodynamics may be stated in terms of entropy.
d. The entropy increases in a free expansion.
e. The entropy of a system can increase even when its temperature is held constant.

Relativity

16. (Buo) Which of the following statements is false?

A. The speed of light does not depend on the direction of motion of the source.
B. The speed of light is the same for two observers moving with different speeds with respect
to the source.
C. The laws of physics cannot distinguish between inertial frames.
D. A small freely-falling reference frame is an inertial frame.
E. Einsteins postulate implies that physical quantities should remain invariant in every
inertial reference frame.

17. Two events are separated by 9m of time and 3m of space as measured in the laboratory.
How fast must a rocket move to observe the events to occur at precisely the same place?
a. 0
b. 3.0
c. .33
d. 8.48
e. 2.45

For the next two items, use the following spacetime diagram: the origin is labeled O. The
other letters refer to the worldline nearest the letter.

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18. Which worldline may describe the trajectory of a particle with nonzero mass moving in
the positive x-direction? B

19. Which worldline may represent a massless particle moving along the negative-x
direction? E

20. The coordinates of event A are (t=23m, x= 32m) according to an observer stationary to
the ground. Another observer moving at 0.34 towards the +x axis relative to the ground
measures the coordinates of the same event. What values does she obtain?
a. x = 9.57m; t = -9.57m
b. x = 68.05m; t = 36.02m
c. x =29.76; t = 14.92m
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d. x = 27.71m; t = 12.88m
e. x = 42.34m; t = 36.03m

21. (Solis)The coordinates of an event in a rocket frame moving in the +y direction relative
to a laboratory frame with constant speed 0.85 are given as (t',x',y'z') = (9.5 m, 7.0 m, 5.0 m,
3.0 m). What are the coordinates of this event in the laboratory frame? All entries are
measured in meters.

a. (29.3 m, 7.0 m , 5.0 m, 3.0 m)

b. (9.5 m, 28.6 m, 5.0 m, 3.0 m)
c. (29.3 m, 28.6 m, 5.0 m, 3.0 m)
d. (29.3 m,28.6 m,26.1 m, 3.0 m)
e. (26.0 m, 7.0 m, 24.8 m, 3.0 m)

22. (Solis) A millionaire was told in 1992 that she had exactly 15 years
to live. However, if she travels away from the Earth at 0.8c and then returns at
the same speed, the last New Years day the doctors expect her to celebrate is:
a. 2001
b. 2003
c. 2007
d. 2010
e. 2017

23. (Solis) A cylindrical rocket has radius 5.00 m and length 20.0 m in its rest frame.
This rocket was observed in the home frame to be moving along the direction of its length, at
constant velocity 0.500 .What is the radius r and length l of this rocket according to the home
frame?

A. r = 4.33 m; l = 17.3 m
B. r = 4.33 m; l = 20.0 m
C. r =5.00 m; l = 23.1 m
D. r = 5.77 m; l= 23.1 m
E. r =5.00 m; l = 17.3 m

24. (Ibanes) Consider the two-observer spacetime diagram shown below. Unprimed axes refer
to lab frame; primed axes refer to rocket frame moving relative to lab frame. Which of the
following statements is false?

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A. The velocity of the rocket is approximately 0.29
B. Events E and F are simultaneous in the rocket frame.
C. The time interval between A and B will be longer in the lab frame than the rocket frame.
D. The interval between C and D will be shorter in the rocket frame than in the lab frame.
E. There exists another rocket frame where B and C occur at the same place.

25. (Villanueva) The rocket frame is moving towards +x at half the speed of light with respect
to the lab frame. In the two-observer spacetime diagram, what is the angle between the t and
t axes?

a. 0
b. 67.5
c. 26.6
d. 22.5
e. 63.4

26. (Villanueva) Relative to S frame, the velocity of a particle moving along the x'-axis is
0.60. The S frame is also moving along the xaxis relative to a stationary S frame. What
should the S frame's velocity be relative to the S frame be such that the velocity of a particle
in the S frame is half of its velocity as observed in the S frame?

a. 0.254
b. -0.366
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c. 0.366
d. -0.254
e. -0.984

27. (Ibanes) A spaceship, moving away from the Earth at a velocity = 0.2, communicates
with headquarters by emitting radio waves with a wavelength of 1.0 m as measured in the
spaceships frame. What will be the wavelength of the radio waves when they reach
headquarters?
A. 0.82 m
B. 1.22 m
C. 0.00 m
D. 0.20 m
E. 5.20 m

28. (Villanueva) Consider a particle with mass 3.35 kg moving with a speed b = 0.70 along
the x-axis of an inertial reference frame. What is the magnitude of the momentum of this
particle?

a. 2.74 kg
b. 4.69 kg
c. 2.35 kg
d. 1.92 kg
e. 3.28 kg

In particle physics, a common unit for energy-momentum and mass is the electron-Volt (eV).
1.0 eV= (charge of an electron)(1 Volt)= 1.602 x 10-19 J

29. Consider a particle traveling along the x axis with momentum px = 19.0 eV and total
energy E =30.0 eV, as measured by a stationary observer in a laboratory. If another inertial
frame is moving at constant speed vframe= 0.900 in the positive x direction, what would be
the particle's momentum and total energy relative to the moving reference frame?
A. E' =29.5 eV , px' = -18.3 eV
B. E' =108 eV, px' = 105 eV
C. E' = -18.3 eV, px' = 29.5 eV
D. E' =105 eV, px' = 108 eV
E. E' =68.8 eV, px' = 8.28 eV

30. (Villanueva) A photon has a momentum of 4.0 eV and a total energy of 4.0 eV. What is
the mass of the photon?

A. 4.0 eV
B. 16.0 eV
C. 2.0 eV
D. 8.0 eV
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E. 0

Quantum Physics

31. (Villanueva) How many photons per second are emitted by a 7.50 milliwatt C02 laser that
has a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers?

A. 1.1 x1031
B. 1.1 x1036
C. 2.5 x1027
D. 2.5 x1018
E. 4.0 x1017

32. (Ibanes) An eccentric scientist wants to produce an x-ray spectrum with a minimum
wavelength of 0.124 nm. If this scientist decides to do this by bombarding a metal with
cathodic electrons, what must be the accelerating voltage?
A. 1.0 x 104 V
B. 1.0 x 103 V
C. 1.6 x 103 V
D. 3.3 x 105 V
E. 5.0 x 103 V

33. (Ibanes) According to the Bohr model, what is the maximum orbital speed of the electron
in a hydrogen atom?
A. 2.19 x 106 m
B. 4.38 x 106 m
C. 2.19 x 108 m
D. 9.61 x 107 m
E. 1.37 x 107 m

34. (Villanueva) What is the De Broglie wavelength for an electron with speed v=0.960c. Use
the correct relativistic expression for linear momentum.

A. 2.5 x10-12 m
B. 7.1 x10-13 m
C. 1.1 x10-13 m
D. 4.0 x10-13 m
E. 1.4 x1012 m

35. (Villanueva) An electron is confined within an infinite well of width L = 1.0 x 10 -6 m.

Estimate the minimum uncertainty in its velocity.

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A. 1.2 x 10-10 m/s
B. 0.063 m/s
C. 9.5 x1027 m/s
D. 1.1 x10-28 m/s
E. 116 m/s

36. (Solis) Consider the following (unrealistic) wavefunction. Assume that the wavefunction
is unnormalized but pure real.

If the normalization constant is (2.625 m) -1/2, what is the probability of finding the particle in
the region 1.0 m< x < 2.0 m?
A. 0.500
B. 0.190
C. 0.154
D. 0.524
E. 0.0772

37. (Ibanes) The wavefunction of a particle at t=0.0 s is given as (x,0) = A x (10 x) for 0
x 10 where A is the normalization constant and (x) = 0 elsewhere. What is the expectation
value of x at t=0.0s?
A. 5.00
B. 1.00
C. 14.4

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D. 86.6
E. 245

38. (Villanueva) A given particle of mass m is represented by the wave function

(x) = (1/2)1(x) + (3/2)2(x) (1)

where n(x) is the nth energy eigenstate of a particle in a 1-dimensional box of length L. Find
the average energy.
A. 5E1 /2
B. 7E1 /4
C. 13E1 /4
D. (1+23/2) E1
E. (1+23) E1

39. Given an electron in a finite square well of length L=1.00 x 10 -10m and potential U0 = 6EG
where EG is the ground state of the infinite well of length L, find the frequency of the photon
emitted in the transition from the first excited state to the ground state. Note E1 = 0.625EG and
E2 = 2.43EG

A. 1.05 megaherz
B. 6.38 x 1010 megaherz
C. 1.05 x 1010 megaherz
D. 2.63 x 109 megaherz
E. 1.64 x 1010 megaherz

40. The ground state energy of a harmonic oscillator is 5.60 eV. If the oscillator undergoes a
transition from its n=3 to n=2 level by emitting a photon, what is the wavelength of the
photon?

A. 1.77 x 10-26 m
B. 3.55 x 10-26 m
C. 1.11 x 10-7 m
D. 2.22 x 10-7 m
E. 3.02 x 1033 m

For the next two questions:

Consider a hydrogen atom (where spin is ignored) that was prepared in the state

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 (r,,,t=0) = sin60 210(r,,) + cos 60 200 (r,,),

where nlm(r,,) is the energy eigenstate of the hydrogen atom associated with the principal
quantum number n, orbital quantum number l, azimuthal quantum number m.

41. (Solis) Consider the following statements:

(i) The energy of the system has a definite value (no uncertainty in the energy).
(ii) The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum has a definite value, 0 kg m 2/s
(iii) The z component of the angular momentum has a definite value, 0 kg m 2/s.
(iv) The probability density for position (in the absence of measurements!) does not change in
time.

In light of what we know,________.

A. (ii) is false, all the rest are true.
B. (iv) is false, all the rest are true.
C. (i) is false, all the rest are true.
D. Both (i) and (iv) are false, all the rest is true
E. (iii) is false, all the rest is true.

42. (Solis) What is the value of the energy of this hydrogen atom?
A. -6.8 eV
B. -3.4 eV
C. -13.6 eV
D. -27.2 eV
E. the energy does not have a definite value.

43. Suppose a hydrogen atom has the quantum number n=2, and has definite quantum
numbers l,ml, ms. Which of the following is true?
A. It is possible for the electron to have l=3
B. It is possible for the electron to have both l=2 and m l=2
C. It is possible for the electron to have both l=1 and m l=2
D. It is possible for the electron to have both l=1 and ml=1
E. It is possible for the electron to have both l=2 and ml=1

44. What are the possible values for the orbital quantum number of an electron?

A. l(l+1)
B. 1/2 and 1/2
C. 1,2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, n-1 where n is the principal quantum number

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E. m where m is the magnetic quantum number

45. (Solis) Consider the electron configuration 1s24 . This configuration is

A. Not allowed according to the correspondence principle
B. Not allowed according to the Pauli exclusion principle
C. Not allowed according to the de Broglie relation
D. Not allowed according to Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle
E. a possible atomic electron configuration

End of Exam

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