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Unit Four Review Guide: Art in the Ancient Mediterranean.

AP Art History, Spring 2017

Each of the following sections contains relevant terms and questions to guide your studies for the upcoming unit test. Be
able to not only identify the terms listed, but to be able to analyze their significance within the appropriate context.

Egypt and Ancient Eastern Mediterranean

Works to Know:

Palette of King Narmer (2 images) Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut (2


Seated Scribe images) The Code of Hammurabi
Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Akhenaton, Neferiti, and three Lamassu from the citadel of
Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx daughters Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern
(2 images) Tutankhamuns tomb, innermost Khorsabad, Iraq)
King Menkaura and queen coffin
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Last judgement of Hu-Nefer, from
Hall (3 images) his tomb

Terms to Know:

pharaoh Khufu Canopic jars


ka Khafre colonnades
Upper Egypt Menkaure dromos
Lower Egypt Re tholos
Old Kingdom Amun-Re engaged columns
Middle Kingdom Anubis papyrus
New Kingdom Osiris pylon
Hyksos Sphinx Minoan
Bronze production Subtractive statuary Mycenaean
Namer idealism Cycladic cultures
Menes frontal pose Cyclopean masonry
palette Akhenaten Corbelled arch
polytheism Amarna period True fresco
social hierarchy Tutankahmen Fresco secco
Djoser Rameses II Knossos
Step pyramid Hatshepsut Aegean Sea
mummification Hypostyle hall Crete
mortuary temple Axial plan lamassu
ashlar masonry Creation mound
mastaba Clerestory lighting

Guiding Questions:

1. How the religious beliefs of the Egyptians influence their artistic production? Provide at least THREE specific
examples.
2. Compare the artistic production of the Egyptians, Minoans, Mycenaean. What are some similarities between the
artistic production of each of these societies? Consider their architectural styles as well as other works of art.
3. How did Egyptian development of new architectural techniques influence other cultures in the Mediterranean? Provide
at least TWO specific examples.
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Ancient Greece, Persian Empire, and Hellenism


Works to Know:

Athena agora Acropolis (6 images) Winged Victory of Smothrace


Anavysos Kouros Grave stele of Hegeso Great Altar of Zeus and Athna at
Peplos Kore from the Acropolis Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius Pergamon (3 images)
Niobides Krater (2 images) and Xerxes (2 images) Seated Boxer

Terms to Know:

polis Geometric style cornice


Hellas Orientalizing style frieze
Zeus Archaic style pediment
Hera Naturalistic style entablature
Gaia Kouros tryglyph
Ouranos Kore capital
Pottery Cult statue shaft
Potters wheel Athens Doric order
krater Acropolis Ionic order
amphora Parthenon Corinthian order
key pattern Hollow casting caryatids
votive figures stereobate Hellenism
siren stylobate apadana
black-figure painting porch
slip cella

Guiding Questions

1. How does Greek sculpture change in terms of its form and goals from the early Archaic period to the Hellenistic
period?
2. Describe the process of black-figure painting on Greek amphora. How was the color variation achieved?
3. Why is the Parthenon considered to be one of the most important buildings in Western history? What makes it unique?
How has it influenced other constructions since?

Etruscans, Early Rome, and the Roman Empire

Works to Know:

Sarcophagus of the Spouses House of Vettii (3 images) Colosseum (Flavian


Tomb of the Triclinium Alexander Mosaic from the House Amphitheater) (2 images)
Temple of Minerva (Veii, near of Faun, Pompeii Forum of Trajan (4 images)
Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Head of a roman patrician Pantheon (2 images)
Apollo (3 images) Augustus of Prima Porta Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Terms to Know:

Terra cotta atrium tuffa


voussoir cremation stucco
tumulus tessarae plaster
necropolis mosaic banqueting couch
Etruscan fresco gender roles
arch fresco secco portrait sculpture
keystone corbelled vault ceiling death masks
ancestor cult Pompeii Hadrian
gravitas perspective Trajan
virtus domus Colosseum
verism impuvium gladiator
hyperrealism occulus amphitheater
concrete pantheon dome
austerity coffers

Guiding Questions:

1. What set Etruscan art and society apart from Greek and Roman traditions? How do we have evidence of this?
2. In what ways is Roman sculpture similar to Greek sculpture? In what ways is it different? Provide specific examples.
3. Why are the ruins at Pompeii important to historians? What information about art and private life can we obtain from
the ruins? Why are the ruins so well-preserved?

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