DFR Moisture estimation (1-2-3)

2. Click
Auto match

1. Confirm
insulation
temperature
DFR Moisture estimation Result

Geometry

Moisture

Oil conductivity
Dielectric Frequency Response
- Investigating irregular shapes

CHL response

CH and CL responses
DFR analysis irregular responses

A measured irregular shape is not a

mishap It is information!
CH and CL has expected oil-paper response
CHL looks different with higher losses at
mid-frequencies
Contamination/conductive layer between
windings?
This particular transformer had a history
including an LTC replacement due to seriously
burned contacts...
 Methods for dielectric response
measurements
DC (Polarization-Depolarization AC (Dielectric Frequency Response
Current measurements) measurements)
Strenghts Strenghts
Shorter measurement time at Less sensitive to AC interference
very low frequencies Less sensitive to DC interference
Weaknesses Wide frequency range
More sensitive to AC No discharge necessarry
interference Weaknesses
More sensitive to DC Longer measurement time for very
interference low frequencies
Limited frequency range (PDC
only)
Data conversion necessary
(combined PDC/DFR only)
Discharge before
measurement may be needed
 Moisture assessment with dielectric
response methods takes a while
Available methods Measurement times
PDC Typically 0.5-3 hours
PDC+DFR approximately 15-25 minutes (2 mHz, with
and without discharge) to 2.5-4 hours (0.1 mHz with and
without discharge)
True AC DFR/FDS approximately 18 minutes (2 mHz) to
about 5.5 hours (0.1 mHz)

Availability Transformer off-line in field

Typically 1 day for complete diagnostic measurements
Measurement time (minutes) for DR
measurements
1000

100

2 mHz
1 mHz
0,1 Mhz

10

1
1st gen FDS 3rd gen FDS PDC+FDS, no discharge PDC+FDS, with discharge
Typical DFR results for transfomers
with various moisture content

1.5% moisture

0.3% moisture
2.1% moisture

0.2% moisture
DFR results for a transfomer at
various temperatures

Temp Moisture, % Oil conductivity, pS

21 2,4 10,4
27 2,3 13,8
34 2,4 22,8
49 2,3 39,3
 DFR data acqusition is pending
insulation temperature
100,00

Frequency, mHz

10,00

eV=0,9
eV=0,7
eV=0,5
1,00

Corresponding data points

0,10 Insulation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature