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Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
3.2
R,C&L circuits
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.2
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
Resistor in an AC Circuit
We know that Ohms law holds for any instantaneous
value of voltage and current
(ie since V = IR, it is also true that v = iR)
V I
0 0
1 .8
2 1.6
3 2.4
5 3.2
6 4.0
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.3
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
Resistor in an AC Circuit
Now v = Vo sint, hence using Ohms law we have
i = (1/R) v = (1/R) Vo sint
Hence i = Io sint where Io = (Vo/R) or R = (Vo/Io)
Capacitor in AC Circuit
Since ratio of voltage to
current is known as
resistance (in resistor
circuits), 1/(C) must be
For capacitor, iC = C(dvC/dt) similar to resistance (in
Now if v = Vo sint, then capacitor circuits). In
fact, 1/(C) is known as
d
iC = CVo (sin t ) = CVo cos t capacitive reactance and
has the SI units of Ohm
dt
iC = CVo sin(t + 2 )
iC leads vC
Vo 1
iC = I o sin(t + 2 ) where
= by /2 (90o)
I o C
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
Capacitor
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.5
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
Vo 1
= = X C Capacitive Reactance
I o C
1 1
XC = =
C 2fC
Unlike resistance which is independent of frequency,
capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.6
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
A Mazzolini
more on this later.
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.7
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
Inductor in an AC Circuit
Vo
vL leads iL by /2 or where = L
A Mazzolini iL lags vL by /2 Io
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.8
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
Vo
= L = X L Inductive Reactance
Io
X L = L = 2fL
Unlike resistance which is independent of frequency,
inductive reactance is directly proportional to frequency
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.9
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits
For the case of DC (ie f = 0), we have
XL = 20L = 0 Ohm
ie for DC, an inductor acts like a short-circuit!
Again our definition of inductive reactance XL = L
has one major problem
It does not account for the fact that (for an inductor)
voltage and current are not in phase
It is therefore an incomplete description
A Mazzolini
Swinburne University
of Technology
Electronic Module: Electromagnetism 3.2.10
Systems Activity: 3.2 R,C&L circuits