Overview of D2D Proximity Services

Standardization in 3GPP LTE

Workshop on Radio Access and Spectrum

Session 2: Device-to-Device Communications and Public Safety

Michael Gundlach, Nokia

Bologna, Italy, 2014-06-23

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Acknowledgement

This presentation is within the scope of CRS-i, the cognitive radio standardization
initiative from FP7 research to global standard
It has partly been prepared by Christian Mouton, NEC Technologies (UK)

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Motivation

Device-to-device (D2D) communication, i.e. direct communication between nearby mobile

devices, will be added to LTE in 3GPP Release 12 within several work items related to
Proximity Services.
General advantages
improve spectrum utilization
improve overall throughput and performance
improve energy consumption
enable new peer-to-peer and location-based applications and services

Advantages related to public safety

fallback public safety networks that must function when cellular networks are not available or fail
closing the evolution gap of safety networks to LTE

Challenges and risks

Business opportunity related to the long-standing cellular architecture

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 Data Paths for Proximity Based Service Communication
UE
eNB
1

UE
eNB
1

SGW/PGW

SGW/PGW

UE
The "direct mode" data
2
eNB
path in the EPS for
communication between
two UEs
UE eNB Default data path
2 scenario in the EPS for
communication
between two UEs
UE
eNB
1

UE
2

SGW/PGW

Source: 3GPP TR 22.803 V12.2.0 (2013-06) Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe) Locally-routed" data path
in the EPS for
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communication between
two UEs when UEs are
served by the same eNBs
Direct over-the-air data exchange between devices

For 3GPP, the direct over-the-air exchanges between devices can be:
either based on a new air interface (designed by 3GPP RAN)
or based on WLAN air interface

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Use Cases and Scenarios
General Use Cases
Restricted ProSe Discovery Use Case
Open ProSe Discovery Use Case
Discovery Use Case with Subscribers from Different
PLMNs
Discovery Use Case with Roaming Subscribers
Network ProSe Discovery Use Case
Service Continuity between Infrastructure and E-UTRA
ProSe Communication paths
Operator A uses ProSe to Enhance Location and
Presence Services
ProSe for Large Numbers of Ues
ProSe-assisted WLAN Direct Communications Use Case
Service Management and Continuity for ProSe-assisted
WLAN Direct Communications
Use Case for ProSe Application Provided by the Third-
Party Application Developer
Concurrent E-UTRAN Infrastructure and WLAN
Proximity Communication
Network Offloading via WLAN ProSe Communication
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Public Safety Use Cases
ProSe Discovery Within Network Coverage
ProSe Discovery Out of Network Coverage
Can Discover But Not Discoverable
Basic ProSe One-to-One Direct User Traffic Initiation in
Public Safety Spectrum
UE with Multiple One-to-One Direct User Traffic
Sessions in Public Safety Spectrum
ProSe Group
ProSe Broadcast
ProSe Relay
ProSe Hybrid and Range Extension
ProSe Range
Public Safety Implicit Discovery
Co-existence of ProSe Communication and E-UTRAN
communication
Example General Use Case
ProSe-assisted WLAN Direct Communications Use Case

This use case describes how WLAN direct communication can be used between ProSe-enabled UEs
Pre-Conditions
Bob and John are subscribers to a mobile data service from an MNO;
Bob and John both carry UEs that have WLAN capabilities;
Both UEs are enabled for ProSe Discovery and Communication;
Bob and John use ProSe-enabled applications on their UEs;
The 3GPP network has the capability to provide WLAN configuration information to ProSe-enabled UEs;
Bob has clicked the ProSe-enabled UE to send an HD video to John.
Service Flows
The 3GPP EPC determines proximity of Bobs and Johns UEs and provides them with WLAN configuration information to assist with
WLAN direct connection establishment.
Bobs and Johns UEs use the configuration information to verify feasibility of the WLAN direct connection and establish ProSe-assisted
WLAN direct communications.
The ProSe-enabled application on Bobs UE streams the HD video to the ProSe-enabled application on Johns UE using the established
WLAN connection.
Post-Conditions
John has received Bobs HD video via the ProSe-enabled application on his UE.

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Example Public Safety Use Case
ProSe Broadcast

This use case describes the scenario where a given UE initiates a ProSe Broadcast Communication transmission to all UEs
within transmission range.
Pre-Conditions
An operator offers a service, which makes use of the ProSe feature.
Fire-fighters A-D, E-H and an incident commander use ProSe-enabled public safety UEs.
Fire-fighters A-D, E-H and an incident commander are subscribed to a Public Safety service that allows them to use ProSe.
Fire-fighters A-Ds UEs are configured to belong to communications group X.
Fire-fighters E-Hs UEs are also configured to belong to communications group Y, which is separate from fire-fighters A-D.
The incident commanders UE is configured to belong to communication group X and communication group Y.
The fire-fighters may or may not be in E-UTRAN coverage.
Service Flows
After arriving at the scene of a fire, fire-fighters A-Ds UEs discover each other and communicate among themselves in communications
group X using ProSe Group Communications.
Later, fire-fighters E-H also arrive on the fire scene and communicate among themselves in communications group Y using ProSe Group
Communications.
At some point, the incident commander wants to provide the same information concurrently to all of the fire-fighters at the scene of
the incident within transmission range.
The incident commanders UE transmits a ProSe Broadcast Communications message to all of the fire-fighters UEs. A single
transmission is received by all of the fire-fighters UEs rather than individual transmissions being sent to each of the fire-fighters.

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Scenarios
PLMN A

UE1 UE2

1A
UE2
UE1

When the registered PLMN, Proximity based service direct 1B

communication path and coverage status (in coverage or PLMN A

out of coverage) are considered, there are a number of
PLMN A PLMN A

different possible scenarios. Additional scenarios may be

UE2
UE1 UE2

added.
UE1

1C 1D

PLMN A PLMN B PLMN A PLMN B

UE1
PLMN A
UE1
PLMN A
UE2
PLMN B UE2
PLMN B
Source: 3GPP TR 23.703 V12.0.0 (2014-02) Study on architecture enhancements to support
Proximity-based Services (ProSe) (Release 12) 1E 1F

PLMN A PLMN B

UE1 UE2
PLMN A PLMN B

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1G
Supported E-UTRAN ProSe direct communication Modes

Two different modes for ProSe direct communication are supported:

Network independent direct communication: This mode of operation for ProSe direct
communication does not require any network assistance to authorize the connection and
communication is performed by using only functionality and information local to the UE(s). This
mode is applicable:
only to pre-authorized ProSe-enabled Public Safety UEs;
regardless of whether the UEs are served by E-UTRAN or not;
to both ProSe direct communication one-to-one and to ProSe direct communication one-to-many.

Network authorized direct communication: This mode of operation for ProSe direct communication
always requires network assistance by the EPC to authorize the connection. This mode of operation
applies:
to ProSe direct communication one-to-one;
when both UEs are "served by E-UTRAN"; and
for Public Safety UEs it may apply when only one UE is served by E-UTRAN.

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System Architecture

PC1
A ProSe Function is introduced
in the network and has the
following main roles: MME

Provisioning (via the Direct S/PGW

Provisioning Function - DPF) ProSe

application
Direct discovery management UE B
LTE-Uu S1 S6a
E-UTRAN
(e.g. allocation of ProSe HSS SLP
Application code) LTE-Uu
PC5
PC4a
EPC discovery (acting as a location ProSe PC4b
services client) application
PC3 ProSe
UE A ProSe Function Application
PC2 Server

PC1

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3GPP structure

Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)

TSG GERAN TSG RAN TSG SA TSG CT
GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Service & Systems Aspects Core Network & Terminals
Radio Access Network
GERAN WG1 RAN WG1 SA WG1 CT WG1
Radio Aspects Radio Layer 1 spec Services MM/CC/SM (lu)
GERAN WG2 RAN WG2 SA WG2 CT WG3
Protocol Aspects Radio Layer 2 spec Architecture Interworking with external networks
Radio Layer 3 RR spec
GERAN WG3 RAN WG3 SA WG3 CT WG4
Terminal Testing lub spec, lur spec, lu spec Security MAP/GTP/BCH/SS
UTRAN O&M requirements
RAN WG4 SA WG4 CT WG6
Radio Performance Codec Smart Card Application Aspect
Protocol aspects
RAN WG5 SA WG5
Mobile Terminal Telecom Management
Conformance Testing

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Maintenance of Work Items and Documents

Work/Study Items are created on a per-Technical Group basis and progress is tracked on
a per-TG basis.
Study Items are for feasibility studies and deliver Technical Reports, which are non-
normative documents, used to feed the subsequent
(if any) normative phase which deliver Technical Specifications.
Working Groups reports and specifications have to go through an approval process by
their own Technical Specifications Group.
Technical Reports are not maintained.

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Work Prioritization in 3GPP Release 12

In September 2013, TSG SA reviewed the Rel-12 progress in different working groups.
Due to the important activities in the radio access area, not only due to proximity
services, 3GPP TSG RAN proposed to reduce the scope of proximity services in Rel-12.
Similarly, experimenting an overload situation, 3GPP WG SA2 proposed to limit Rel-12 to
a list of essential features. Based on these information, 3GPP TSG SA decided to limit
the proximity features for Rel-12 to discovery and public safety group communication.

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3GPP Documents on D2D
SA1
TR 22.803 Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe)
TS 22.278 Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS)
TS 22.115 Service aspects; Charging and billing
TS 21.905 Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications
SA2
TR 23.703 Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity-based Services (ProSe) (Release 12)
TS 23.303 Proximity-based services (ProSe); Stage 2 (Release 12)
SA3
TR 33.833 Study on security issues to support Proximity Services
RAN1 & RAN2
TR 36.843 Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services - Radio Aspects
CT1
TS 24.333 Proximity-services Management Object (MO)
TS 24.334 Proximity-services (Prose) User Equipment (UE) to Proximity-services (ProSe) Function aspects (PC3); Stage 3

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Progress in 3GPP

Work Item Completion Status

Proximity-Based Services (ProSe)

SA1 part TR & TS phases 100 % Completed

SA2 part TR & TS phases 100 % Completed

SA3 part TR phase 40 % Expected to be completed June 2014

SA3 part TS phase 0% tbd

Study on LTE device to device proximity services Radio Aspects (sFS_LTE_D2D_Prox)

RAN1/2/4 part TR phase 100 % Completed

RAN1/2/4 part TS phase 65 % Expected to be completed June 2014

CT aspects of proximity-based services (ProSe-CT)

New WI, expected to be completed
Overall CT 0%
September 2014

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3GPP Roadmap

CY11 CY12 CY13 CY14 CY15

Stage1
Release 12 ProSe Stage 2
ProSe Discovery
ProSe Communication 1-to-Many Stage 3
ProSe UE-to-NW relay (with no RAN impact)
ECP support for WLAN

Tentative Release 13 ProSe Stage1

Communication:
1:1 communication, direct, via eNB
Service continuity Stage 2
Discovery:
Interaction with 3rd party apps & UE terminal apps Stage 3

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Final Remarks

CRS-i will continue to deliver regular standardization update reports regarding D2D in
3GPP
The first report has been produced by NEC Technologies (UK) on March 19, 2014
CRS-i would be happy to discuss with your project the possibility of joint contributions
to standards on cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access, including D2D Proximity
Services; for this please contact the CRS-i Consultancy Service on Standardization
(http://www.ict-crsi.eu/index.php/contact-us)

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