Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Why LNG
As an option to transport gas to the market
Provide gas volume ratio of 1/600
(cost efficient)
SHELL NA LNG
Utilities
Containment
Jetty
ASR - LNG Technology 4
Heat Rejection System
Component of
Refrigerant
Freon or CO2 C1, C2, C3, N2
expansion valve
evaporator
condenser
LNG Plant
Performance
Resources
Availability &
Process Efficiency
Sea water
Air
Options
Fresh water
Compressor efficiency
Simple plant design & cost effective but requires start-up facility (helper)
Liquefaction LNG
Feed Gas
Inlet Mercury Purification Dehydration Separation
Facilities Removal
Feed Preparation Raw
Primary wet NGL
condensate
Fuel gas
Stabilization C3 Product
(Make-up/export)
LPG Plant
C4 Product
Fractionation (Make-up/export)
C5+ Product
Mature
To remove impurities (CO2, H2S, Hg) & Water content Technology
Operation reason (to avoid plugging, corrosion)
Efficiency
Contractual limitation & environment concern
Operability &
Treatment process Maintainability
Below 20 oC, water & CH4 create hydrate (plug the MCHE tubes)
Inlet Gas
Condensate (C5+)
C3, C4, C5+ C4, C5+
Gas
100 %
low boiling temp
refrigerant Precooling
80 %
(C2, C3)
Liquefaction
60 %
Enthalpy
Refrigerant
Methane
40 %
Very low boiling
temp refrigerant
Subcooling
20 % (N2, C1)
0%
-180 - 160 - 120 - 90 - 60 - 30 0 30 60
Temperature ( Deg C)
Propane
Pre-cooled Axens Liquefin
Black & Veatch
Mixed Refrigerant Process
PRICO process
(APCI)
Double Mixed
Cascade Process Mixed Fluid Cascade Refrigerant Process
(Philips) Process (Shell)
(Statoil/Linde)
Installed in the pipeline system, let down the gas pressure for
local gas distribution system
Molecular Weight 28 16 30 44 58 58 72
Safety Operation
Maturity - Reliability
Proven tech. (performance) - Availability
Environment impact - Flexibility
Design Integrity - Thermal Eff.
Specific power Inlet Maintainability
Life cycle cost Feed Gas
- Capex
- Opex
Energy for LNG
Refrigeration Production
Integrity &
safety of gas
Monetizing non associated Robust,
/ stranded gas
production
Special
efficientdesign
&
facility & LNG
Monetizing associated vessel
flexible
gas & FOB
design
(flare gas)
processing
Commercial limitation
Subject to project economic viability
Economic Viability
The Equipment Market
Process & technology (against motion) Investment
Storage & off loading facility Life cycle cost
Utilities (power generation, N2, water, etc) Fiscal regime
ASR - LNG Technology Profit 55
The On-Shore Vs FLNG Concept
Reduce cost
(platform, pipe line to shore, land
acquisition, environment issue)
Integrated
Risk
ASR - LNG Technology 58
To Select An Appropriate FLNG Safe Concept
Hull design
Hull dictated by the weight/complexity of top side equipment
Containment system (SPB, membrane, etc)
long life utilization before dry docking (>25 yrs) Safe, Compactness
Sensitivity &
Robustness Again
Top side design
Motion
Gas pre-treatment & AGRU selection for LNG spec.
LNG cap. constrained by the power (compressor, driver) Operability and
Liquefaction process (licensor) selection Maintainability
(minimize HC refrigerant inventory) Reliability &
Main equipment selection (driver, utilities, etc) Availabity
Safety classification area layout & safety gap
Compactness, less equipment & process flexibility
Structural integrity & robustness design (against motion)
Reserve
Composition
Market Technology Viability
Timing
72.0 MMSCFD (+/- 0,5 Mtpa) ,for temporary storage and export.
EPCIC by Wison Contractor, uses the barge based FSRU
Black & Veatch Liquefaction Technology
Dimension,
Length 144m, Breadth 32m, Depth 20m,
Draft 5,4 M
Retention liquid
Gas tightness
Thermal Insulation
Environmental safety
- Short resident time (10 15 days) - Long resident time (100 days)
Laden voyage
S = C + (Td Tu) Qm + Cm
where :
10,000
S = storage M3/hr 12,000 M3/hr, loading rate
capacity
Mode
C = useful & condition
unloading of loading operation
capacity
Approx
Td = max. berthing time
24 hr of vessel
(loading time, custody, paper work)
Tu = min. berthing time of vessel
Qm = max. flow rate required
Cm = min. of LNG remaining Ballast voyage
Loading Arm
3 loading arm & 1 vapor return arm
Containment system
LNG CARRIERS
Cargo press.
Personnel
Survival & temp. control, venting system
protection
capability
Operating
Containment
requirements
Environmental/ cargo tanks
control
System
Cargo & materials
Fire protection
handling &arrangements
extinction
Instrumentation
77
Membrane Vessel
80
Independent Self Supporting Tank
81
Membrane Containment System
- Dimension is smaller
(for same capacity)
82
Marine Access Requirement
FSRU FSRU
84
LNG Safety
Employee
Community Environment
Appropriate operating/maintenance
Industry Standard &
Regulatory compliance SOP & competence/well trained personil
Red Zone
Unit facilities / equipment where
hydrocarbon are processed
Blue Zone
Supported facilities/building where
hydrocarbon are not processed
Hazard material
Cause cracking/brittle
Combustible