Ambrose Bierce

6/24/2017 AmbroseBierceWikipedia
AmbroseBierce
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
AmbroseGwinnettBierce(June24,1842[2]circa
AmbroseBierce
1914[3])wasanAmericanCivilWarsoldier,wit,andwriter.
Bierce'sbookTheDevil'sDictionarywasnamedasoneof
"The100GreatestMasterpiecesofAmericanLiterature"by
theAmericanRevolutionBicentennialAdministration[4].
HisstoryAnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridgehasbeen
describedas"oneofthemostfamousandfrequently
anthologizedstoriesinAmericanliterature"[5]andhisbook
TalesofSoldiersandCivilians(alsopublishedasInthe
MidstofLife)wasnamedbytheGrolierClubasoneofthe
100mostinfluentialAmericanbooksprintedbefore
1900.[6] Biercearound1866
Born AmbroseGwinnettBierce
Aprolificandversatilewriter,Biercewasregardedasone June24,1842
ofthemostinfluentialjournalistsintheUnitedStates.[7][8] MeigsCounty,Ohio,UnitedStates
Forhishorrorwriting,MichaelDirdarankedhimalongside Died Lost/c.1914(aged7172)[1]
EdgarAllanPoeandH.P.Lovecraft.[9]asapioneering lastletterfromChihuahua,
writerofrealistfiction,[10].Hiswarstoriesinfluenced Chihuahua,Mexico
StephenCrane,ErnestHemingway,andothers,[11]andhe Occupation SoldierJournalistWriter
wasconsideredaninfluentialandfearedliterarycritic.[12] Genres Satire,journalism,shortstory,horror
InrecentdecadesBiercehasgainedwiderrespectasa fiction,warfiction,fantasy,science
fabulistandforhispoetry.[13][14] fiction,western(genre),memoir,
humor,literarycriticism,poetry
InDecember1913,BiercetraveledtoChihuahua,Mexico
Literary Realism
togainfirsthandexperienceoftheMexicanRevolution.[15] movement
Hedisappearedwhilerumoredtobetravelingwithrebel Notableworks "Chickamauga"
troops,andwasneverseenagain. "AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge"
"TheDeathofHalpinFrayser"
"TheMoonlitRoad"
Contents TheDevil'sDictionary
TalesofSoldiersandCivilians
1 Earlylife Spouse MaryEllen"Mollie"Day(m.1871

2 Militarycareer div.1904)
3 Personallife Children RaymondDay(18721889),Leigh
4 Journalism (18741901),Helen(18751940)
4.1 Railroadrefinancingbill
4.2 McKinleyaccusation
5 Literaryworks Signature
6 Disappearance Militarycareer
7 Legacyandinfluence
8 Bierceasafictionalcharacter Allegiance UnitedStatesofAmerica
9 Works Service/branch UnionArmy
9.1 Volumespublished
Yearsof 18611866
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce 1/14
9.1.1 PublishedduringBierce's service

lifetime
9.1.2 Publishedposthumously Rank FirstLieutenant
9.2 Shortstories Unit 9thIndianaInfantryRegiment
10 Seealso
Battles/wars AmericanCivilWar:Battleof
11 Notes
12 References Philippi(WestVirginia),Battleof
13 Furtherreading LaurelMountain,BattleofRich
14 Externallinks Mountain,BattleofCorrick'sFord,
BattleofCheatMountain,Battleof
GreenbrierRiver,BattleofCamp
Earlylife Allegheny,BattleofShiloh,Siegeof
Corinth,BattleofPerryville,Battleof
BiercewasborninalogcabinatHorseCaveCreekin StonesRiver,BattleofChickamauga,
MeigsCounty,Ohio,onJune24,1842,toMarcusAurelius ChattanoogaCampaign,Battleof
Bierce(17991876)andLauraSherwoodBierce.[2]His LookoutMountain,Battleof
motherwasadescendantofWilliamBradford.Hewasthe MissionaryRidge,BattleofResaca,
tenthofthirteenchildren,whosefathergaveallnames BattleofKennesawMountain,Atlanta
beginningwiththeletter"A":inorderofbirth,theBierce Campaign,BattleofJonesborough,
siblingswereAbigail,Amelia,Ann,Addison,Aurelius, BattleofFranklin(1864),Battleof
Augustus,Almeda,Andrew,Albert,andAmbrose. Nashville
Hisparentswereapoorbutliterarycouplewhoinstilledin
himadeeploveforbooksandwriting.[2]BiercegrewupinKosciuskoCounty,Indiana,attendinghighschoolat
thecountyseat,Warsaw.
Helefthomeat15tobecomeaprinter'sdevilatasmallOhionewspaper.[2]
Militarycareer
AttheoutsetoftheAmericanCivilWar,BierceenlistedintheUnionArmy's9thIndianaInfantry.Heparticipated
intheoperationsinWesternVirginia(1861),waspresentattheBattleofPhilippi(thefirstorganizedlandactionof
thewar),andreceivednewspaperattentionforhisdaringrescue,underfire,ofagravelywoundedcomradeatthe
BattleofRichMountain.InFebruary1862hewascommissionedafirstlieutenant,andservedonthestaffof
GeneralWilliamBabcockHazenasatopographicalengineer,makingmapsoflikelybattlefields.
BiercefoughtattheBattleofShiloh(April1862),aterrifyingexperiencethatbecameasourceforseveralshort
storiesandthememoir"WhatISawofShiloh".Asastaffofficer,Biercebecameknowntoleadinggeneralssuch
asGeorgeH.ThomasandOliverO.Howard,bothofwhomsupportedhisapplicationforadmissiontoWestPoint
inMay1864.GeneralHazenbelievedBiercewouldgraduatefromthemilitaryacademy"withdistinction"and
WilliamT.Shermanalsoendorsedtheapplicationforadmissioneventhoughstatinghehadnopersonal
acquaintancewithBierce.[16]InJune1864,BiercesustainedaseriousheadwoundattheBattleofKennesaw
Mountain,[17]andspenttherestofthesummeronfurlough,returningtoactivedutyinSeptember.Hewas
dischargedfromthearmyinJanuary1865.
Hismilitarycareerresumed,however,inmid1866,whenhejoinedGeneralHazenaspartofanexpeditionto
inspectmilitaryoutpostsacrosstheGreatPlains.TheexpeditiontraveledbyhorsebackandwagonfromOmaha,
Nebraska,arrivingtowardyear'sendinSanFrancisco,California.
Personallife
BiercemarriedMaryEllen"Mollie"DayonDecember25,1871.Theyhadthree
children:sonsDay(18721889)[18]andLeigh(18741901)[18]anddaughterHelen
(18751940).BothofBierce'ssonsdiedbeforehedid.Daycommittedsuicide
afteraromanticrejection,[19][20]andLeighdiedofpneumoniarelatedto
alcoholism.[18]Bierceseparatedfromhiswifein1888,afterdiscovering
compromisingletterstoherfromanadmirer.Theydivorcedin1904.[18]Mollie
DayBiercediedthefollowingyear.
Biercewasanavowedagnostic.[21]Hesufferedfromlifelongasthma,[22]aswellas
complicationsfromhiswarwounds.[23]
Journalism AmbroseBierce,byJ.H.E.
Partington
InSanFrancisco,Biercewasawardedtherankofbrevetmajorbeforeresigning
fromtheArmy.HeremainedinSanFranciscoformanyyears,eventuallybecomingfamousasacontributoror
editorofanumberoflocalnewspapersandperiodicals,includingTheSanFranciscoNewsLetter,TheArgonaut,
theOverlandMonthly,TheCalifornianandTheWasp.AselectionofhiscrimereportingfromTheSanFrancisco
NewsLetterwasincludedinTheLibraryofAmericaanthologyTrueCrime.
BiercelivedandwroteinEnglandfrom1872to1875,contributingtoFunmagazine.Hisfirstbook,TheFiend's
Delight,acompilationofhisarticles,waspublishedinLondonin1873byJohnCamdenHottenunderthe
pseudonym"DodGrile".[24][25]
ReturningtotheUnitedStates,heagaintookupresidenceinSanFrancisco.From1879to1880,hetraveledto
RockervilleandDeadwoodintheDakotaTerritory,totryhishandaslocalmanagerforaNewYorkmining
company.WhenthecompanyfailedhereturnedtoSanFranciscoandresumedhiscareerinjournalism.
FromJanuary1,1881untilSeptember11,1885hewaseditorofTheWaspmagazine,inwhichhebeganacolumn
titled"Prattle".HealsobecameoneofthefirstregularcolumnistsandeditorialistsonWilliamRandolphHearst's
newspaper,TheSanFranciscoExaminer,[2]eventuallybecomingoneofthemostprominentandinfluentialwriters
andjournalistsoftheWestCoast.HeremainedassociatedwithHearstNewspapersuntil1909.[26]
Railroadrefinancingbill
TheUnionPacificandCentralPacificrailroadcompanieshadreceivedlarge,lowinterestloansfromtheU.S.
governmenttobuildtheFirstTranscontinentalRailroad.CentralPacificexecutiveCollisP.Huntingtonpersuaded
afriendlymemberofCongresstointroduceabillexcusingthecompaniesfromrepayingtheloans,amountingto
$130million(worth$3.74billiontoday).
InJanuary1896HearstdispatchedBiercetoWashington,D.C.tofoilthisattempt.Theessenceoftheplotwas
secrecytherailroads'advocateshopedtogetthebillthroughCongresswithoutanypublicnoticeorhearings.
WhentheangeredHuntingtonconfrontedBierceonthestepsoftheCapitolandtoldBiercetonamehisprice,
Bierce'sanswerendedupinnewspapersnationwide:"Mypriceisonehundredthirtymilliondollars.If,whenyou
arereadytopay,Ihappentobeoutoftown,youmayhanditovertomyfriend,theTreasureroftheUnited
States."[27]
Bierce'scoverageanddiatribesonthesubjectarousedsuchpublicwrath
thatthebillwasdefeated.BiercereturnedtoCaliforniainNovember.
McKinleyaccusation
Becauseofhispenchantforbitingsocialcriticismandsatire,Bierce'slong
newspapercareerwasoftensteepedincontroversy.Onseveraloccasions
hiscolumnsstirredupastormofhostilereaction,whichcreateddifficulties
forHearst.Oneofthemostnotableoftheseincidentsoccurredfollowing
theassassinationofPresidentWilliamMcKinley,whenHearst'sopponents
turnedapoemBiercehadwrittenabouttheassassinationofGovernor Bierce'sresidence(right),18Logan
WilliamGoebelofKentuckyin1900intoacauseclbre. Circle,Washington,D.C.
Biercemeanthispoemtoexpressanationalmoodofdismayandfear,but
afterMcKinleywasshotin1901,itseemedtoforeshadowthecrime:
ThebulletthatpiercedGoebel'sbreast
CannotbefoundinalltheWest
Goodreason,itisspeedinghere
TostretchMcKinleyonhisbier.
HearstwastherebyaccusedbyrivalnewspapersandbythenSecretaryofStateElihuRootofhavingcalledfor
McKinley'sassassination.Despiteanationaluproarthatendedhisambitionsforthepresidency(andevenhis
membershipintheBohemianClub),HearstkeptemployingBierce.[28]
Literaryworks
Duringhislifetime,Biercewasbetterknownasajournalistthanasafictionwriter.
Hismostpopularstorieswerewritteninrapidsuccessionbetween1888and1891,
inwhatwascharacterizedas"atremendousburstofconsummateart".[29]Bierce's
worksoftenhighlighttheinscrutabilityoftheuniverseandtheabsurdityof
death.[30][31]
Biercewroterealisticallyoftheterriblethingshehadseeninthewar[32]insuch
storiesas"AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge","AHorsemanintheSky","One
oftheMissing",and"Chickamauga".Hisgrimlyrealisticcycleof25warstories
hasbeencalled"thegreatestantiwardocumentinAmericanliterature".[33]
AccordingtoMiltonSubotsky,Biercehelpedpioneerthepsychologicalhorror
story.[34]Inadditiontohisghostandwarstories,healsopublishedseveralvolumes Bierce,1892
ofpoetry.HisFantasticFablesanticipatedtheironicstyleofgrotesqueriethat
becameamorecommongenreinthe20thcentury.
OneofBierce'smostfamousworksishismuchquotedTheDevil'sDictionary,originallyanoccasionalnewspaper
item,firstpublishedinbookformin1906asTheCynic'sWordBook.Describedas"howlinglyfunny",[35]it
consistsofsatiricaldefinitionsofEnglishwordswhichlampooncantandpoliticaldoubletalk.Bierceeditedthe
twelvevolumesofTheCollectedWorksofAmbroseBierce,whichwerepublishedfrom1909to1912.Theseventh
volumeconsistssolelyofTheDevil'sDictionary.
Biercehasbeencriticizedbyhiscontemporariesandlaterscholarsfordeliberatelypursuingimprobabilityandfor
hispenchanttoward"trickendings".[30]Inhislaterstories,apparentlyundertheinfluenceofMaupassant,Bierce
"dedicatedhimselftoshockingtheaudience",asifhispurposewas"toattackthereader'ssmugintellectual
security".[36]
Bierce'sbiastowardsNaturalismhasalsobeennoted:[37]"Thebiting,deridingqualityofhissatire,unbalancedby
anycompassionforhistargets,wasoftentakenaspettymeanness,showingcontemptforhumanityandan
intolerancetothepointofmercilesscruelty".[38]
StephenCranewasoftheminorityofBierce'scontemporarieswhovaluedBierce'sexperimentalshortstories.[39]
Inhisessay"SupernaturalHorrorinLiterature",H.P.LovecraftcharacterizedBierce'sfictionalworkas"grimand
savage."LovecraftgoesontosaythatnearlyallofBierce'sstoriesareofthehorrorgenreandsomeshineasgreat
examplesofweirdfiction.[40]
CriticWilliamDeanHowellssaid,Mr.Bierceisamongourthreegreatestwriters.Whentoldthis,Bierce
responded,IamsureMr.Howellsistheothertwo.[41]
Disappearance
InOctober1913,Bierce,thenage71,departedfromWashington,D.C.foratourofhisoldCivilWarbattlefields.
ByDecemberhehadpassedthroughLouisianaandTexas,crossingbywayofElPasointoMexico,whichwasin
thethroesofrevolution.InCiudadJurezhejoinedPanchoVilla'sarmyasanobserver,andinthatrolehe
witnessedtheBattleofTierraBlanca.[42]
BierceisknowntohaveaccompaniedVilla'sarmyasfarasthecityofChihuahua.Hislastknowncommunication
withtheworldwasaletterhewrotetheretoBlanchePartington,aclosefriend,datedDecember26,
1913.[43][44][45]Afterclosingthisletterbysaying,"Astome,Ileaveheretomorrowforanunknowndestination,"
hevanishedwithoutatrace,hisdisappearancebecomingoneofthemostfamousinAmericanliteraryhistory.
SkepticJoeNickellarguedthatnoletterhadeverbeenfound[46]allthatexistedwasanotebookbelongingtohis
secretaryandcompanion,CarrieChristiansen,containingaroughsummaryofapurportedletterandherstatement
thattheoriginalshadbeendestroyed.
TherewasanofficialinvestigationbyU.S.consularofficialsofthedisappearanceofoneofitscitizens.Someof
Villa'smenwerequestionedatthetimeofhisdisappearanceandafterwards,withcontradictoryaccounts.Pancho
Villa'srepresentativeintheU.S.,FelixA.Sommerfeld,wascontactedbyU.S.chiefofstaffHughL.Scottand
Sommerfeldinvestigatedthedisappearance.BiercewassaidtohavebeenlastseeninthecityofChihuahuain
January.[47]
OraltraditioninSierraMojada,Coahuila,documentedbyapriestnamedJamesLienert,statesthatBiercewas
executedbyfiringsquadinthetowncemeterythere.[48]However,Nickell[46]findsthisstorytobeunreliable.He
quotesBierce'sfriendandbiographerWalterNealeassayingthatBiercehadnotriddenforquitesometime,was
sufferingfromseriousasthma,andhadbeenseverelycriticalofPanchoVilla.Nealeconcludesthatitwouldhave
beenhighlyunlikelyforBiercetohavegonetoMexicoandjoinedVilla.
Allinvestigationsintohisfatehaveprovenfruitless,andNickellconcedes[46]thatdespitealackofhardevidence
thatBiercehadgonetoMexico,thereisalsononethathehadnot.Therefore,despiteanabundanceoftheories
(includingdeathbysuicide),hisendremainsshroudedinmystery.
Legacyandinfluence
H.L.MenckencalledBiercetheonegenuinewitthatTheseStateshaveever
seen.[49]
AtleastthreefilmshavebeenmadeofBierce'sstory"AnOccurrenceatOwlCreek
Bridge".Asilentfilmversion,TheBridge,wasmadein1929.[50]AFrenchversion
calledLaRivireduHibou,directedbyRobertEnrico,wasreleasedin1962[51]this
blackandwhitefilmfaithfullyrecountstheoriginalnarrativeusingvoiceover.It
airedin1964onAmericantelevisionasoneofthefinalepisodesofthetelevision
seriesTheTwilightZone:"AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge".[52]PriortoThe
TwilightZone,thestoryhadbeenadaptedasanepisodeofAlfredHitchcock
Presents.[53]Anotherversion,directedbyBrianJamesEgen,wasreleasedin2005.It
wasalsoadaptedfortheCBSradioprogramsSuspenseandEscape.
ActorJamesLanphier(19201969)playedBierce,withJamesHamptonasWilliam
RandolphHearst,inthe1964episode"ThePaperDynasty",ofthesyndicated
westerntelevisionseriesDeathValleyDays,hostedbyStanleyAndrews.Inthestory
Bierceandautograph line,HearststrugglestoturnaprofitdespiteincreasedcirculationofTheSan
FranciscoExaminer.RobertO.CornthwaiteappearsasSamChamberlain.[54]
TwoadaptationsweremadeofBierce'sstory"EyesofthePanther".OneversionwasdevelopedforShelley
Duvall'sNightmareClassicsseriesandwasreleasedin1990.Itrunsabout60minutes.[55]Ashorterversionwas
releasedin2007bydirectorMichaelBartonandrunsabout23minutes.[56]
"TheDamnedThing"wasadaptedintoaMastersofHorrorepisodeofthesametitledirectedbyTobeHooper.[57]
AmericancomposerRodneyWaschkaIIcomposedanopera,SaintAmbrose,basedonBierce'slife.[58]
CarlosFuentes'snovelTheOldGringoisafictionalizedaccountofBierce'sdisappearanceitwaslateradapted
intothefilmOldGringo(1989),starringGregoryPeckinthetitlerole.[59]Fuentesstated:"Whatstartedthisnovel
wasmyadmirationforAmbroseBierceandforhisTalesofSoldiersandCivilians."[60]
Bierce'sdisappearanceandtriptoMexicoprovidethebackgroundforthevampirehorrorfilmFromDuskTill
Dawn3:TheHangman'sDaughter(2000),inwhichBierce'scharacterplaysacentralrole.[61]Bierce'sfateisthe
subjectofGeraldKersh's"TheOxoxocoBottle"(akaTheSecretoftheBottle),whichappearedinTheSaturday
EveningPostonDecember7,1957,andwasreprintedintheanthologyMenWithoutBones.Biercereappearsin
thefutureonMountShastainRobertHeinlein'snovella,"LostLegacy".
Theshortfilm"Ah!Silenciosa"(1999),starringJimBeaverasBierce,weaveselementsof"AnOccurrenceatOwl
CreekBridge"intoaspeculationonBierce'sdisappearance.[62]
Inthefallof2001,AnOccurrenceRemembered,atheatricalretellingofBierce'sAnOccurrenceAtOwlCreek
BridgeandChickamauga,premieredoffBroadwayinNewYorkCityundertheproductionanddirectionofLorin
MorganRichardsandleadchoreographerNicoleCavaliere.[63]
BiercewasamajorcharacterinaseriesofmysterybookswrittenbyOakleyHallandpublishedbetween1998and
2006.[64]
BiographerRichardO'Connerarguedthat,"WarwasthemakingofBierceasamanandawriter...[hebecame]
trulycapableoftransferringthebloody,headlessbodiesandboareatencorpsesofthebattlefieldontopaper."[2]
EssayistCliftonFadimanwrote,"Biercewasneveragreatwriter.Hehaspainfulfaultsofvulgarityandcheapness
ofimagination.But...hisstyle,foronething,willpreservehimandthepurityofhismisanthropy,too,willhelpto
keephimalive."[2]
AuthorAlanGullettearguesthatBierce'swartalesmaybethebestwritingonwar,outrankinghiscontemporary
StephenCrane(authorofTheRedBadgeofCourage)andevenErnestHemingway.[2]
AuthorKurtVonnegutoncestatedthatheconsidered"AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge"the"greatest
Americanshortstory"andaworkof"flawless...Americangenius".[65]
AmericanwriterandresearcherintoanomalousphenomenaCharlesFortwroteabouttheunexplained
disappearancesofAmbroseBierceandAmbroseSmall,andasked,"WassomebodycollectingAmbroses?"[66]
AmbroseBiercefeaturesasacharacterinWinstonGroom's2016novelElPaso.Inthenovel,Bierceispersonally
executedbyPanchoVilla.
Bierceasafictionalcharacter
Unusuallyforapersonbestknownforthesedentaryoccupationofwriting,Biercehasbeenfictionalizedinmore
than50novels,shortstories,movies,televisionshows,stageplays,andcomicbooks.Mostoftheseworksdraw
uponBierce'svividpersonality,colorfulwit,relationshipswithfamouspeoplesuchasJackLondonorWilliam
RandolphHearst,or,quitefrequently,hismysteriousdisappearance.
BiercehasbeenportrayedbysuchwellknownauthorsasRayBradbury[67],JackFinney[68],CarlosFuentes,
WinstonGroom,andRobertHeinlein.SomeworksfeaturingafictionalAmbroseBiercehavereceivedfavorable
reviews,generatedinternationalsales[69],orearnedmajorawards.
Works
Volumespublished
PublishedduringBierce'slifetime
TheFiendsDelight(asbyDodGrile).(London:JohnCamdenHotten,1873).Stories,satire,journalism,
poetry.
NuggetsandDustPannedOutinCalifornia(asbyDodGrile).(London:Chatto&Windus,1873).Stories,
satire,epigrams,journalism.
CobwebsfromanEmptySkull(asbyDodGrile).(LondonandNewYork:GeorgeRoutledge&Sons,
1874).Fables,stories,journalism.
(withThomasA.Harcourt)TheDanceofDeath(asbyWilliamHerman).(SanFrancisco:H.Keller&
Co.,1877).Satire.
MapoftheBlackHillsRegion,ShowingtheGoldMiningDistrictandtheSeatoftheIndianWar(San
Francisco:A.L.Bancroft&Co.,1877).Nonfiction:map.
TalesofSoldiersandCivilians(SanFrancisco:E.L.G.Steele,1891manysubsequenteditions,someunder
thetitleIntheMidstofLife).Fiction:stories.
(withG.A.Danziger)TheMonkandtheHangmansDaughter(Chicago:F.J.Schulte&Co.,1892).Fiction:
novel(translationofDieMnchdesBerchtesgadenbyRichardVoss).
BlackBeetlesinAmber(SanFranciscoandNewYork:WesternAuthorsPublishing,1892).Poetry.
CanSuchThingsBe?(NewYork:Cassell,1893).Fiction:stories.
HowBlindIsHe(SanFrancisco:F.SoulCampbell,c.1896).Poetry.
FantasticFables(NewYorkandLondon:G.P.Putnam'sSons,1899).Fiction:fables.
TheCynicsWordBook(NewYork:Doubleday,Page&Co.,1906).Satire.
ASonoftheGodsandAHorsemanintheSky(SanFrancisco:PaulElder,1907).Fiction:stories.
WriteItRight:ALittleBlacklistofLiteraryFaults(NewYorkandWashington,D.C.:NealePublishing,
1909).Nonfiction:preciseuseofwords.
ShapesofClay(SanFrancisco:W.E.Wood[GeorgeSterling],1903).Poetry.
TheShadowontheDialandOtherEssaysS.O.Howes,ed.(SanFrancisco:A.M.Robertson,1909).
Collectedjournalism.
TheCollectedWorksofAmbroseBierce(NewYorkandWashington,D.C.:NealePublishing,19091912):
VolumeI:AshesoftheBeacon
VolumeII:IntheMidstofLife:TalesofSoldiersandCivilians
VolumeIII:CanSuchThingsBe?
VolumeIV:ShapesofClay
VolumeV:BlackBeetlesinAmber
VolumeVI:TheMonkandtheHangmansDaughterFantasticFables
VolumeVII:TheDevil'sDictionary
VolumeVIII:NegligibleTalesOnwiththeDanceEpigrams
VolumeIX:TangentialViews
VolumeX:TheOpinionator
VolumeXI:Antepenultimata
VolumeXII:InMotley
Publishedposthumously
Fiction
MyFavoriteMurder(NewYork:CurtisJ.Kirch,1916)
AHorsemanintheSky:AWatcherbytheDead:TheManandtheSnake(SanFrancisco:BookClubof
California,1920)
TenTales(London:FirstEditionClub,1925)
FantasticDebunkingFables(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,1926)
AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridgeandOtherStories(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1926)
TheHorsemanintheSkyandOtherStories(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1926)
TalesofGhoulsandGhosts(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
TalesofHauntedHouses(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
MyFavoriteMurderandOtherStories(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
GhostandHorrorStories,E.F.Bleiler,ed.(NewYork:Dover,1964)
TheCompleteShortStoriesofAmbroseBierce,ErnestJeromeHopkins,ed.(GardenCity,NY:Doubleday,
1970)
TheStoriesandFablesofAmbroseBierce,EdwardWagenknecht,ed.(OwingsMills,MD:StemmerHouse,
1977)
FortheAhkoond(WestWarwick,RI:NecromomiconPress,1980)
AHorsemanintheSky(Skokie,IL:BlackCatPress,1983)
OneoftheMissing:TalesoftheWarBetweentheStates(Covelo,CA:YollaBollyPress,1991)
CivilWarStories(NewYork:Dover,1994)
AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridgeandOtherStories(London:Penguin,1995)
TheMoonlitRoadandOtherGhostandHorrorStories(Mineola,NY:Dover,1998)
ADeoderizerofDeadDogs,CarlJapikse,ed.(Alpharetta,GA:EntheaPress,1998)
TheCollectedFablesofAmbroseBierce,S.T.Joshi,ed.(Columbus:OhioStateUniversityPress,2000)
TheShortFictionofAmbroseBierce:AComprehensiveEdition(3vols.),S.T.Joshi,LawrenceI.Berkove,
andDavidE.Schultz,eds.(Knoxville:UniversityofTennessee,2006)
AmbroseBierce:MastersoftheWeirdTale,S.T.Joshi,ed.(Lakewood,CO:CentipedePress,2013)
Satire
ExtraordinaryOpinionsonCommonplaceSubjects(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
ACynicLooksatLife(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
TheSardonicHumorofAmbroseBierce,GeorgeBarkin,ed.(NewYork:Dover,1963)
TheFalloftheRepublicandOtherPoliticalSatires,S.T.JoshiandDavidE.Schultz,eds.(Knoxville:
UniversityofTennessee,2000)
Poetry
AnInvocation(SanFrancisco:JohnHenryNash/BookClubofCalifornia,1928)
TheLionandtheLamb(Berkeley:ArchetypePress,1939)
AVisionofDoom:PoemsbyAmbroseBierce,DonaldSidneyFryer,ed.(WestKingston,R.I.:DonaldM.
Grant,Publisher1980)
PoemsofAmbroseBierce,M.E.Grenander,ed.(Lincoln:UniversityofNebraska,1995)
Journalism
SelectionsfromPrattle,CarrollD.Hall,ed.(SanFrancisco:BookClubofCalifornia,1936)
TheAmbroseBierceSatanicReader,ErnestJeromeHopkins,ed.(GardenCity,NY:Doubleday,1968)
SkepticismandDissent:SelectedJournalismfrom18981901,LawrenceI.Berkove,ed.(AnnArbor:
Delmas,1980)
Autobiography
IconoclasticMemoriesoftheCivilWar:BitsofAutobiography(Girard,KS:HaldemanJulius,c.1927)
BattleSketches(London:FirstEditionsClub,1930)
ASoleSurvivor:BitsofAutobiography,S.T.JoshiandDavidE.Schultz,eds.(Knoxville:Universityof
Tennessee,1998)
Collectionsofmixedtypesofcontent
TheCollectedWritingsofAmbroseBierce(NewYork:CitadelPress,1946)
AmbroseBiercesCivilWar,WilliamMcCann,ed.(Chicago:GatewayEditions,1956)
TheDevilsAdvocate:AnAmbroseBierceReader,BrianSt.Pierre,ed.(SanFrancisco:ChronicleBooks,
1987)
AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridgeandSelectedWorks(DesMoines:PerfectionFormCo.,1991)
ShadowsofBlueandGray:TheCivilWarWritingsofAmbroseBierce,BrianM.Thomsen,ed.(NewYork:
Forge,2002)
PhantomsofaBloodStainedPeriod:TheCompleteCivilWarWritingsofAmbroseBierce,RussellDuncan
andDavidJ.Klooster,eds.(Amherst:UniversityofMassachusetts,2002)
AmbroseBierce:TheDevil'sDictionary,Tales,andMemoirs,S.T.Joshi,ed.(Boone,IA:Libraryof
America,2011)
Letters
ContainingFourAmbroseBierceLetters(NewYork:CharlesRomm,1921)
TheLettersofAmbroseBierce,BerthaClarkPope[andGeorgeSterling,uncredited],eds.(SanFrancisco:
BookClubofCalifornia,1922)
TwentyoneLettersofAmbroseBierce,SamuelLoveman,ed.(Cleveland:GeorgeKirk,1922)
ALetterandaLikeness(n.p.:HarveyTaylor,[1930?])
BattlefieldsandGhosts(PaloAlto:HarvestPress,1931)
AmbroseBierce:MyDearRearden:aLetter.(Berkeley:BancroftLibraryPress,1997)
AMuchMisunderstoodMan:SelectedLettersofAmbroseBierce,S.T.JoshiandDavidE.Schultz,eds.
(Columbus:OhioStateUniversity,2003)
MyDearMac:ThreeLetters(Berkeley:BancroftLibraryPress,2006)
Shortstories
AmbroseBiercewasaprolificwriterofshortfiction.Hewrote249shortstories,[70]846fables,[71]andmorethan
300humorousLittleJohnnystories.[72]Thefollowinglistprovideslinkstomoreinformationaboutnotablestories
byBierce.[73]
Warstories TheManandtheSnake(1890)
TheRealmoftheUnreal(1890)
KilledatResaca(1887) TheMiddleToeoftheRightFoot(1890)
OneoftheMissing(1888) TheBoardedWindow(1891)
AToughTussle(1888) TheDeathofHalpinFrayser(1891)
AHorsemanintheSky(1889) TheSecretofMacarger'sGulch(1891)
AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge(1890) TheEyesofthePanther(1897)
TheMoonlitRoad(1907)
Supernaturalstories BeyondtheWall(1907)
APsychologicalShipwreck(1879) Sciencefiction
AnInhabitantofCarcosa(1886)
AnUnfinishedRace(1888) TheDamnedThing(1893)
OneofTwins(1888) Moxon'sMaster(1899)
TheSpookHouse(1889)
Seealso
Listofhorrorfictionauthors
Listofpeoplewhohavemysteriouslydisappeared
Listofauthorsinwar
ListofAmericanprintjournalists
Listofshortstoryauthors
Listofsatiristsandsatires
Fable
TheDevil'sDictionary
TalesofSoldiersandCivilians
AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge
Notes
1.McWilliams,Carey.AmbroseBierce:ABiography.Hamden,CT:ArchonBooks,1967,pp.324325.
2.Floyd1999,p.18.
3.D'Ammassa,Don(2006).EncyclopediaofFantasyandHorrorFiction.NewYork:FactsOnFile,Inc.
4."FranklinLibrary100GreatestMasterpiecesofAmericanLiterature19761984(http://www.leatherboundtreasure.com/a
merican_literature.html)",LeatherBoundTreasure.
5."AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge:AmbroseBierce."ShortStoryCriticism,v.72,JosephPalmisano,ed.Farmington
Hills,MI:ThomsonGale,2004,p.2.
6.Adams,FrederickB.Winterich,JohnT.Johnson,ThomasH.andMcKay,GeorgeL.OneHundredInfluential
AmericanBooksPrintedBefore1900:CatalogueandAddresses.NewYork:TheGrolierClub,1947,p.124.
7.Grenander,M.E.AmbroseBierce,Boston:Twayne,1971,p.10.
8.Mundt,WhitneyR.,AmbroseBierceinDictionaryofLiteraryBiographyv.23:AmericanNewspaperJournalists,
18731900,Ashley,PerryJ.,ed.,Detroit:GaleResearch,1983,p.25.SeealsoBierce,Ambrose,SkepticismandDissent:
SelectedJournalismfrom18981901,LawrenceI.Berkove,ed.,AnnArbor:Delmas,1980Lindley,Daniel,Ambrose
BierceTakesontheRailroad:TheJournalistasMuckrakerandCynic,Westport,CT:Praeger,1999Ramirez,Salvador
A.,AClashofTitans:AmbroseBierce,CollisHuntingtonandthe1896FighttoRefundtheCentralPacificsDebttothe
FederalGovernment,SanLuisRey,Calif:TentacledPress,2010Drabelle,Dennis,TheGreatAmericanRailroadWar:
HowAmbroseBierceandFrankNorrisTookontheNotoriousCentralPacificRailroad,NewYork:St.Martins,2012
West,RichardSamuel,TheSanFranciscoWasp:AnIllustratedHistory,Northampton,MA:PeriodysseyPress,2004,
pp.4559,310311.
9.Dirda,Michael,ThirteenforHalloween,TheAmericanScholar,Oct.28,2015.
10.Grenander,M.E.,AmbroseBierceinDictionaryofLiteraryBiographyv.12:AmericanRealistsandNaturalists,
Pizer,DonaldandHarbert,EarlN.,eds.,Detroit:GaleResearch,1982,pp.2336.
11.Joshi,S.T.inKelley,Rich,TheLibraryofAmericainterviewsS.T.JoshiaboutAmbroseBierce,TheLibraryof
AmericaeNewsletter,Sept.2011.
12.Grenander,M.E.,AmbroseBierceinDictionaryofLiteraryBiographyv.71:AmericanLiteraryCriticsandScholars,
18801900,Rathbun,JohnW.andGrecu,MonicaM.,eds.,Detroit:GaleResearch,1988,pp.2737.
13.Joshi,S.T.,Introduction,TheCollectedFablesofAmbroseBierce,Columbus,OH:OhioStateUniversityPress,2000,
p.xxi.
14.Grenander,M.E.,IntroductiontoPoemsofAmbroseBierce,LincolnandLondon:UniversityofNebraskaPress,1995,
p.xiii.
15.BierceletterfromChihuahuatoBlanchePartingtondatedDecember26,1913.PrintedinAMuchMisunderstoodMan:
SelectedLettersofAmbroseBierce,S.T.JoshiandDavidE.Schultz,eds.Columbus:OhioStateUniversityPress,2003,
pp.244246.
16.NationalArchives,RG94,Entry243,MicrofilmM688,Roll235
17."186167.TheCivilWar",TheAmbroseBierceProject(http://www.ambrosebierce.org/timeline2.html)(timeline).
18.Floyd1999,p.19.
19.Morris1999,pp.20608,238.
20."AlongthePacificCoast"(http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014381/18890727/ed1/seq1).SacramentoDaily
RecordUnion.July27,1889.p.1.Retrieved20151211.
21.DonaldT.Blume(2004)."TheBoardedWindow".AmbroseBierce'sCiviliansandsoldiersincontext:acriticalstudy.
KentStateUniversityPress.p.323.ISBN9780873387781."ContrarytoMcWilliams'sclaimhowever,inthepublic
arenaBiercewasnotmerelyanagnostic,butastaunchunbelieverregardingthequestionofJesus'divinity."
22.Floyd1999,pp.1920.
23."AmbroseBierce"(http://www.onlineliterature.com/bierce/).TheLiterarureNetwork.
24.Bierce2003,p.8.
25.Morris1999,p.143.
26.Joshi,S.T.(2010).Student'sEncyclopediaofGreatAmericanWriters:1830to1900.vol.2.NewYork:FactsOnFile,
Inc.
27.Beam,Alex(June24,2008)."AmbroseBierce,monamour"(http://www.boston.com/ae/media/articles/2008/06/24/ambro
se_bierce_mon_amour/).TheBostonGlobe.RetrievedApril5,2015.(subscriptionmayberequiredorcontentmaybe
availableinlibraries)
28.Morris1999,pp.23637.
29.M.E.Grenander.AmbroseBierce.NewYork:TwaynePublishers,1971.p.55.
30.YeQi.MegashiftfromPlottoCharacterInAmericanShortFiction.ISBN9780983875369.p.48.
31.Curran,RonaldT.(2016)."Bierce,Ambrose"(http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar058780&st=ambr
ose+bierce#tab=homepage).WorldBookAdvanced.WorldBook.Retrieved15Jan2016.
32."AmbroseBierce'sCivilWar"(http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/17/ambrosebiercescivilwar/?_r=0).
Opinionator.Retrieved20160114.
33.A.Teodorescu.DeathRepresentationsinLiterature.CambridgeScholarsPublishing,2015.ISBN9781443872980.p.
143.
34.Jones,StephenNewman,Kim,eds.(1990).Horror:100BestBooks.NewYork:CarrollandGraf.p.74.
ISBN0881845949.
35.Morris,Roy.AmbroseBierce:AloneinBadCompany.OxfordUniversityPress,1995,p.183.
36.Fusco,Richard.MaupassantandtheAmericanShortStory:TheInfluenceofFormattheTurnoftheCentury.PennState
UniversityPress,2010.ISBN9780271041124.p.112.
37.JudyCornes.MadnessandtheLossofIdentityinNineteenthCenturyFiction.McFarland,2007.ISBN9780786432240.
p.52.
38.H.Hendin,A.O.Haas."PosttraumaticStressDisordersinVeteransofEarlyAmericanWars."PsychohistoryReview12
(1984):2530.
39.Bierce,Ambrose(1984).TheCompleteShortStoriesofAmbroseBierce.CompiledwithCommentarybyErnestJerome
HopkinsForewordbyCathyDavidson.UniversityofNebraskaPress.p.5.ISBN0803260717.
40.s:SupernaturalHorrorinLiterature/TheWeirdTraditioninAmerica
41.McWilliams,Carey.AmbroseBierce:ABiography.Hamden,CT:ArchonBooks,1967,p.219.
42.Varhola,Michael(2011).TexasConfidential:Sex,Scandal,Murder,andMayhemintheLoneStarState(Firsted.).
Cincinnati:ClerisyPress.p.176.ISBN1578604583.
43.Starrett,Vincent(1920),AmbroseBierce,WMHill,p.39.
44.Bierce2003,pp.244f.
45.Day,Leon(August8,2007)."MyHuntForAmbroseBierce"(http://www.donswaim.com/bierce.leon.day6.html).The
AmbroseBierceSite.RetrievedApril6,2016.
46.Nickell1992.
47.FriedrichKatz,TheLifeandTimesofPanchoVilla,Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress1998,p.865.
48.Lienert,James(2004),"MonumentintheSierraMojadacemetery",TheAmbroseBierceSite(http://donswaim.com/bierc
elienert.html),withinscriptionstatingthatBiercewasshotthere.
49.SuiteElegiaque,SmartSetv.57n.2(October1918),p.144reprintedinH.L.MenckenonAmericanLiterature,S.T.
Joshi,ed.,Athens,OH:OhioUniversityPress,2002.
50.Vidor,Charles(20090922),TheBridge(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0019723/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1),retrieved20160411
51.Enrico,Robert(19620501),OccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056300/),retrieved
20160411
52.Enrico,Robert(19640228),AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0734554/?
ref_=tttr_tr_tt),retrieved20160411
53.Stevenson,Robert(20000101),AnOccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0508121/?ref_=nm_fl
mg_wr_40),retrieved20160411
54."ThePaperDynastyonDeathValleyDays"(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556854/).InternetMovieDataBase.March1,
1964.RetrievedAugust7,2015.
55.Black,Noel(19891126),TheEyesofthePanther(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099532/?ref_=nm_flmg_wr_20),
retrieved20160411
56.Barton,Michael(20070810),TheEyesofthePanther(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1078578/?ref_=nm_flmg_wr_8),
retrieved20160411
57.Hooper,Tobe(20061027),TheDamnedThing(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0805419/?ref_=nm_flmg_wr_9),retrieved
20160411
58.WaschkaII,Rodney,SaintAmbrose(http://www.capstonerecords.org/CPS8708.html),CapstoneRecords.
59.Fuentes,Carlos,GringoViejo(Planeta,2004)ISBN9789686941678
60.Rohter,Larry,"FromOneCivilWartoAnother".NewYorkTimes,Oct.27,1985.
61.Pesce,P.J.(20000118),FromDuskTillDawn3:TheHangman'sDaughter(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120695/?ref_
=nv_sr_4),retrieved20160411
62.ClineMrquez,Marcos(20000101),Ah!Silenciosa(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0196319/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_67),
retrieved20160411
63.CivilWarTimesIllustrated,December2001
64.Latiolais,Michelle."InMemoriamOakleyHall"(http://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/inmemoriam/oakleyhall.html).
UniversityofCalifornia.Retrieved29October2013.
65.Vonnegut,Kurt,AManWithoutaCountry,pp.78,"AndIconsideranybodyatwerpwhohasn'treadthegreatest
Americanshortstory,whichis"OccurrenceatOwlCreekBridge,"byAmbroseBierce....Itisaflawlessexampleof
Americangenius..."
66."TheQuotableFort:Part2"(http://www.anomalist.com/fort2.html#Collecting).Retrieved13February2017.
67.Bradbury,Ray(1949)TheMadWizardsofMars,Macleans,Sept.15revisedasTheExiles,Magazineof
Fantasy&ScienceFiction,v.1n.2,WinterSpring1950revisedagainandincludedinTheIllustratedMan(1951).
Print.BierceassistsEdgarAllenPoe,otherfantasywriters,andtheirfictionalcharactersallexiledtoMarsbecause
EarthhasforbiddenanddestroyedeveryfantasybookinalastditchattempttopreventanexpeditionfromEarthfrom
obliteratingthem.
68.Finney,Jack(1955)OfMissingPersons,GoodHousekeeping,March.Print.InoneofFinney'smostoftenreprinted
stories,Bierceismentionedbutneverseen,butplaysanimportantsymbolicrole.Amantellsabouthisvisittoan
ordinaryseemingtravelagencythatsurreptitiouslyarrangesfordiscontentedpeopletoleaveEarthfortheutopianplanet
ofVerna.BierceistheonlyspecificpersonnamedashavingdisappearedfromEarthtomovetoVerna,andhisactivities
andnewhomeonVernaaredescribed.
69.Shaw,DeborahA.,"BestSellers".EncylopediaofLatinAmericanLiterature,Smith,Verity,ed.LondonandChicago:
FitzroyDearborn,1997,p.115.
70.TheShortFictionofAmbroseBierce:AComprehensiveEdition(3volumes.),S.T.Joshi,LawrenceI.Berkove,and
DavidE.Schultz,eds.(Knoxville:UniversityofTennessee,2006)
71.TheCollectedFablesofAmbroseBierce,S.T.Joshi,ed.(Columbus:OhioStateUniversityPress,2000)
72.S.T.JoshiandDavidE.Schultz,AmbroseBierce:AnAnnotatedBibliographyofPrimarySources,Westport,CTand
London:GreenwoodPress,1999,pp.326327.
73.DatesgivenforshortstoriesaretheearliestpublicationdatesinmagazinesandnewspapersaccordingtoS.T.Joshiand
DavidE.Schultz,AmbroseBierce:AnAnnotatedBibliographyofPrimarySources.Westport,CT:GreenwoodPress,
1999.
References
Bierce,Ambrose(2003).Joshi,STShultz,DavidE,eds.AMuchMisunderstoodMan:SelectedLettersofAmbrose
Bierce.OhioStateUniversityPress.
Bleiler,Everett(1948).TheChecklistofFantasticLiterature.Chicago:ShastaPublishers.pp.32,147.
Cozzens,Peter.1996."TheTormentingFlame:WhatAmbroseBierceSawinaFireSweptThicketatShilohHaunted
HimfortherestofhisLife."CivilWarTimesIllustrated.April1996.VolumeXXXV(1).pp.4454.
DeCastro,Adolphe(1929).PortraitofAmbroseBierce(NewYorkandLondon:Century).
Eckhardt,Jason."AcrosstheBorderlandsofConjecturewithMrBierce."StudiesinWeirdFiction4(Fall1988),2631.
Fatout,Paul.AmbroseBierce:TheDevil'sLexicographer.Norman:UniversityofOklahomaPress,1951.
Floyd,ERandall(1999).TheGood,theBad,andtheMad:SomeWeirdPeopleinAmericanHistory.NewYork:Barnes
&Noble.ISBN9780760766002.
Grenander,M.E.AmbroseBierce.NY:TwaynePublishers,1971.
McWilliams,Carey(1929reprinted1967).AmbroseBierce:ABiography,ArchonBooks.
Morris,Roy(1999)[1995].AmbroseBierce:aloneinbadcompany.US:OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN978019
5126280.
Nickell,JosephJoe(1992).AmbroseBierceIsMissingandOtherHistoricalMysteries.
O'Conner,Richard(1967).AmbroseBierce:aBiography,withillustrations,Boston,Little,BrownandCompany.
Furtherreading
AmbroseBiercePapers,18721913(http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf009n97nj)(2linearft.)
arehousedintheDepartmentofSpecialCollectionsandUniversityArchives(https://web.archive.org/web/2
0080604212605/http://library.stanford.edu/depts/spc/spc.html)atStanfordUniversityLibraries(http://librar
y.stanford.edu/).
TheAmbroseBiercePapers,ca.18941913(http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf500004bp)and
theCollectionofAmbroseBiercePapers,18751925,bulk18901913(http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ar
k:/13030/kt7b69q9w6)arehousedatTheBancroftLibrary.
Nickell,J.(1992).AmbroseBierceismissingandotherhistoricalmysteries.Lexington,KY:University
PressofKentucky.
Externallinks
WorksbyAmbroseBierce(https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Bierce,
Wikisourcehasoriginal
+Ambrose)atProjectGutenberg workswrittenbyorabout:
WorksbyoraboutAmbroseBierce(https://archive.org/search.php?q AmbroseBierce
uery=%28%28subject%3A%22Bierce%2C%20Ambrose%22%20O
R%20subject%3A%22Ambrose%20Bierce%22%20OR%20creator% Wikiquotehasquotations
3A%22Bierce%2C%20Ambrose%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A relatedto:AmbroseBierce
mbrose%20Bierce%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bierce%2C%20
A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ambrose%20Bierce%22%20O WikimediaCommonshas
R%20description%3A%22Bierce%2C%20Ambrose%22%20OR%20 mediarelatedtoAmbrose
description%3A%22Ambrose%20Bierce%22%29%20OR%20%28% Bierce.
2218421914%22%20AND%20Bierce%29%29%20AND%20%28
mediatype:software%29)atInternetArchive
AmbroseBierce(http://www.isfdb.org/cgibin/ea.cgi?1960)attheInternetSpeculativeFictionDatabase
WorksbyAmbroseBierce(http://librivox.org/author/417)atLibriVox(publicdomainaudiobooks)
AmbroseBierce(http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0081549/)onInternetMovieDatabase
AmbroseBierce(Character)onInternetMovieDatabase
TheAmbroseBierceSite(http://donswaim.com/)
TheAmbroseBierceProject(http://www.ambrosebierce.org)
AmbroseBierce(http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=81284)atPoetryFoundation.org
TheDevil'sDictionary(http://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/Bierce/bierce_cover.html)hypertextatthe
UniversityofVirginia
TalesofSoldiersandCivilians(https://archive.org/details/newinmidstoflife00bieruoft)
OneofBierce'slastletters(http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/bierce/ambrosebierce.html)
VeryTrustworthyWitnesses:TheManyDeathsofAmbroseBierce(http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/201
4/10/17/verytrustworthywitnesses/)ParisReviewarticleonthemanystoriesaboutBierce'sdeath
CollectedjournalismofAmbroseBierce(http://www.historicjournalism.com/ambrosebierce1.html)atthe
ArchiveofAmericanJournalism
"WereAmbroseBierce'sGhostStoriesInspiredbyAgoraphobia?"(http://conceptualfiction.com/ambrose_bi
erce.html)byTedGioia(ConceptualFiction)
"AmbroseBierce:TheEvanescentMan,"(http://blog.history.in.gov/?p=27)IndianaHistoricalBureau
"AmbroseBierceand19thCenturyFreethought,"(http://blog.history.in.gov/?p=34)IndianaHistorical
Bureau
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambrose_Bierce&oldid=787028423"
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1 Earlylife Spouse MaryEllen"Mollie"Day(m.1871

9.1.1 PublishedduringBierce's service

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