GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS

IBRAHIMPATNAM, R.R .DISRICT-501 506

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

A PROJECT REPORT ON:

THERMAL ANALASYS OF I.C ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD

A main project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree

BACHLOR F TECHNOLOGY

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BY

PRESENTED BY:

S.ABHILASH REDDY
11B91A0389
VALMIKI VANNURAPPA
12B95A0322
SYAD NAYAB RASOOL
11B91A0A2
R.KISHAN
12B95A0320
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It has been great honour and privilege to do MAIN PROJECT AT

THERMAL ANALASYS OF I.C ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD

We are very much thankful to Mr.RAJ

KUMAR (HEAD OF MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT) for providing
me permission and s support to meet my project requirement.

We convey our sincere thanks to Mr.T.V SESHI REDDY(A.P), in

MECHANICAL Depot, for his guidance, motivation, technical support
and spending his valuable time in carrying out this project.

Our heart full thanks to all teachers and

other , who spent their valuable time during our traing sessions in
explaining all the intricacies involved in the system processes and being
so patient in answering all our quiers.

We are highly thankful to my project internal guide Mr. T.V SHSHI

REDDY (Asst. professor) whose invaluable guidance helped me
understands the project better.
 THERMAL ANALYSIS OF
IC ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD

PRESENTED BY:

S.ABHILASH REDDY
11B91A0389
VALMIKI VANNURAPPA
12B95A0322
SYAD NAYAB RASOOL
11B91A0A2
R.KISHAN
12B95A0320
INTERNAL GUIDE

T.V SESHI REDDY (ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)

CAD/CAM CENTER
 A Cylinder head is the closed, and often detachable end of
a cylinder located in an internal combustion engine . It is
typically found on the top portion of the engine block . The
cylinder head contains such parts as valves , valve seats ,
guides ,springs and rocker arm supports . It also serves as a
conduit for fuel and coolant. Vehicle has each bank of
cylinders or a different arrangement. In an internal
combustion engine , the cylinder head(often informally
abbreviated to just heads) sits above the cylinder on the top of
the cylinder block. It closes the top of the cylinder block It
closes in the top of the cylinder, forming th combustion
chamber. The head can also be placed to mount the valve,
spark plugs. The cylinder head helps to keep the engine head
cool. The passage ways enable coolant to circulate through
the cylinder head and flow through the head gasket. This
circulation of coolant through these and subsequent other
parts of coolant system keep the engine from Overheating.
The main objective of our project is to design the cylinder
head modeling by using the SOLIDWORKS and the
temperature distribution analysis ( Conduction and
Convection) of the cylinder head by using ANSYS software
and further correlating the numerical value of the cylinder
head with the finite element value. The main aim of the
project is to analyze the thermal properties by varying
geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins.
Parametric models of cylinder with fins have been
developed to predict the transient thermal behavior. The
models are created by varying the geometry,
rectangular, circular and curved shaped fins and also by
varying thickness of the fins. The 3D modeling
software used is Pro/Engineer. The analysis is done
using ANSYS. Presently Material used for
manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy
204 which has thermal conductivity of 110-150W/mk.
We are analyzing the cylinder fins using this material
and also using Aluminum alloy 6061 and Magnesium
alloy which have higher thermal conductivities.
Keywords: Engine Cylinder Fins , Material , Fea
INTRODUCTION:
Anlysis A cylinder head is the closed
detachable, end of a cylinder located in an
internal combustion engine.The cylinder head is made
up of man channels or passage ways. These passage
ways are used as a conduit to enable air and fuel, a fluid
mixture vital to efficient engine operation to reach the
combustion chamber. Exhaust fumes also exit the
combustion chamber and reach the exhaust valve via
these passageways. The internal combustion engine is
an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a
fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a
combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine,
the expansion of the high-temperature and
pressuregases produced by combustion applies
directforce to some component of the engine, such as
pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves
the component over a distance, generating useful
mechanical energy

Necessity of Cooling System In Ic Engines

All the heat produced by the combustion of fuel in the

engine cylinders is not converted into useful power at
the crankshaft. A typical distribution for the fuel energy
is given below:
Useful work at the crank shaft = 25 per cent
Loss to the cylinders walls = 30 per cent
Loss in exhaust gases = 35 per cent
Loss in friction = 10 per cent

Steps Involved In The Project

1. Modeling
2. Theoretical Calculations
3. Transient Thermal Analysis
2.1 Cooling System Of Ic Engines :
Heat engines generate mechanical power be extracting
energy from heat flows, much as a water wheel extracts
mechanical power from a flow of mass falling through a
distance. Engines are inefficient, so more heat energy
enters the engine than comes out as mechanical power;
the difference is waste heat which must be removed.
Internal combustion engines remove waste heat through
cool intake air, hot exhaust gases, and explicit engine
cooling

Basic Principles :
Most internal combustion engines are fluid
cool using either air (a gaseous fluid) or a liquid coolant
run through a heat exchanger (radiator) cooled by air.
Marine engines and some stationary engines have ready
access to a large volume of water at a suitable
temperature. The water may be used directly to cool the
engine, but often has sediment, which can clog coolant
passages, or chemicals, such as salt, that can chemically
damage the engine. Thus, engine coolant may be run
through a heat exchanger that is cooled by the body of
water

thermal Analysis :
Thermal analysis is a branch of materials
science where the properties of materials are studied as
they change with temperature. Several methods are
commonly used - these are distinguished from one
another by the property which is measured. Thermal
Analysis is also often used as a term for the study of
Heat transfer through structures. Many of the basic
engineering data for
modelling such systems comes from measurements of
heat capacity
and Thermal conductivity. Heat Transfer Analysis And
Optimization Of
Length of fin (L)=180mm= 0.18m
Width of fin (b)=160mm=0.16m
Thickness y=3mm
2y=6mm=0.006m
Perimeter of fin (P) = 0.68m
K=conductivity of fin material =120W/Mk
h=heat transfer coefficient =25W/m2K.
Cross sectional area of fin Ac=by
m=hp/k
Where T=temperature of cylinder head=458K
Ta=atmospheric temperature=313K
x=distance measured from base of fin=65mm=0.065m
L = Length of fin (m)
W = Width of fin (m)
= Thickness of fin (m)
P = Perimeter of fin (m)
Ac = Cross sectional area of fin (m2)
K = Conductivity of fin material (W/mK)
h = Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)
= Temperature (K)
0 = Temperature (K)
T = Temperature of cylinder head (K)
Ta = Atomspheric temperature (K)
x = Distance measured from base of fin (m)
Q = Heat lost by fin (W/m)
= Effectiveness of fin
A = Contact Area (m2)
Ti = Inside Temperature (K)
To = Outside Temperature (K)
U = Film Coefficient (W/m2K)
q = Heat Flow (W)
h = Heat Flux (W/m2)
Tg = Thermal gradient(k/m2)

=T-Ta
= o (kmcosh[ ]+[sin{ }]
/()+[ ]
Heat lost by fin
Q=KAcmo(()+()/()+
())
Maximum heat transferable by fin when if entire fin at
base temperature
Qmax=h (Pl) (t0-ta) = h (Pl) o =(Qfin/Qmax)
Effectiveness of fin =heat lost with / fin heat lost
without fin
= / ent (K/m2)
Length of fin (L)=180mm= 0.18m
Width of fin (b)=160mm=0.16m
Thickness y=3mm=0.003
2y=6mm=0.006m
Perimeter of fin (P) = 0.68m
K=conductivity of fin material =120W/Mk
h=heat transfer coefficient =25W/m2K.
Cross sectional area of fin Ac=by
Where T=temperature of cylinder head=458K
Ta=atmospheric temperature=313K
x=distance measured from base of

square fins:
AC=4.8*10^-4m
m=1.717Kg
=T-Ta
=458-313
=145k
o=226.97k
Qmin=12.48 w/m
Qmax=443.7 w/m
=(Qfin/Qmax)
=0.28*100=28%
= pk/A
= 82.46
Round fins:
Calculations:
Material properties:

Thermal Conductivity 180 w/mk

Specific Heat 0.896 J/g C
Density 2.7g/cc 4.2

LOADS :

Temperature -558 K
Film Coefficient 25 w/m2 K
Bulk Temperature 313 K

Tepes of cylinder heads:

1.) Cast Iron Cylinder head
2.) Aluminium Cylinder head

Cast iron cylinder heads:

Cylinder heads are often cast iron which offer
Durability and less cost.
It is a heavy metal
For all process, light metals are best to perform
operation.
Heat dissipation is less
Aluminium cylinder heads:
1.) Lighter in weight
2.) Heat dissipation is more
3.) Cost is more compared to cast iron
TYPES OF FINS:
Square fins
Round fins
Curved fins
Cone fins