415
NOTES, COMMENTS, AND ABSTRACTS
MUSIC AS A TREATMENT IN ELIZABETHAN
MEDICINE
BY MACLEOD YEARSLEY, F.R.C.S.
IN many ages and in many lands, both savage and
civilised, the power of music over man has been
esteemed alike for its stimulating and its soothing
effects. It has been employed to arouse martial
ardour or melt to peace, to stimulate the senses to
religious ecstasy or allure to erotic love. No less
has it been extolled as a soothing agent in madness,
pain, and trouble. DIsraeli, in his essay on Medical
Music (" Curiosities of Literature," Routledge, 1866,
p. 101), gives numerous references in support of its
supposed virtues in the treatment of disease, quoting
incidently the quaint allusion to its effect on the
bladder in the " Merchant of Venice," while Dr.
Burney (" History of Music ") has discussed the
medical power attributed to music by the ancients.
The belief in such powers appears to have been
common in the sixteenth century, a period in which
England led the world in music, and its revival by
the Guild of St. Cecilia received considerable attention
some years ago.
Some of the earliest references in Tudor poesy are
to be found in Spensers " Faerie Queene," in which
are scattered fairly numerous allusions. Among those
which refer to the therapeutic effect of music, the
first deals with the treatment of the wounded knight:
And all the while most heavenly melody
About the bed sweete musicke did divide,
Him to beguile of griefe and agony.
(Bk. 1. Cant. V. St. xvii)
In Bk. 1., Cant. VIII., St. xliv. occurs :
Best musicke breeds delight in loathing care.
while the comfort music brings is thus described in
Bk. II., Cant. V., St. xxxi. :
Therein the merry birdes of every note
Chaunted alowd their cheerefull harmonee,
And made amongst them selves a sweete consort,
That quickened the dull spright with musicall comfort.
As a treatment for melancholy, for which music
appears to have been specially esteemed, it is men-
tioned in Bk. 1., Cant. XII., St. xxxviii. :
And all the while sweete musicke did apply
Her curious skill the warbling notes to play,
To drive away the dull melancholy.
The whiles one sung a song of love and jollity.
There are numerous allusions to the influence of
music in Shakespeare, of which the following are
outstanding :
The man that hath no music in himself,
Nor is not movd with concord of sweet sounds
Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils ;
The motions of his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as Erebus :
Let no such man be trusted.
Merchant, V., i., 83-8.
Im never merry when I hear sweet music.
Id., V., i., 69.
Preposterous ass, that never read so far
To know the cause why music was ordaind I
Was it not to refresh the mind of man,
After his studies or his usual pain?
Shrew, III., i., 9-12.
The unhappy Richard in his prison says :
Music do I heart
Ha, ha !keep time : how sour sweet music is,
When time is broke, and no proportion kept !I
So is it in the music of mens lives.
Ricla. II., V., v., 41-4.
and later :
This music mads me ; let it sound no more ;
For though it have help madmen to their wits,
In me it seems it will make wise men mad.
Id., V., v., 61-3.
Music appears to have been specially valued in the
treatment of insanity ; it is used to calm King Lear
when the physician gives the order :
Please you, draw near-Louder the music there I
Lear, IV., vii., 25.
Prospero, in his spells, gives the command :
A solemn air, and the best comforter
To an unsettled fancy, cure thy brains,
Now useless, boild within thy skull There stand,
For you are spell-stoppd.
Temp., V., i., 58-61.
The dying King Henry IV. begs :
Let there be no noise made, my gentle friends
Unless some dull and favourable hand
Will whisper music to my weary spirit.
2 Hen. IV., IV., v., 1-3.
Aninteresting belief in Tudor, and earlier times.
was that in the " Music of the Spheres," the supposed
harmonious sound of the celestial universe. The
idea was derived from Pythagoras, who considered
that the friction of one sphere revolving on another
was its foundation. In Ant. and Cleop." (V., ii., 84)
Cleopatra alludes to " the tuned spheres," but
Shakespeare has two other references to it, and it
occurs also in other Elizabethan authors. In
" Pericles " (V., i., 229-38) the Prince of Tyre says :
But hark, what music ?
Helicanus. My Lord, I hear none.
Per. None I
The music of the spheres List, my Marina.
Lysimachus. It is not good to cross him ; give him way.
Per. Rarst sounds ! Do ye not hear?
Lys. My Lord, I hear. (Music.)
Per. Most heavenly music I
It nips me into listening, and thick slumber
Hangs upon mine eyes : let me rest. (Sleeps.)
Lys. A pillow for his head :—So leave him all.
The reference in "
Twelfth Night " (III., i., 120-1)
is shorter :
I had rather hear you solicit that
Than music from the sphenes.
Besides its soothing effect in the examples of Lear,
Henry IV., and Pericles, music is employed by the
physician Corax in Fords " Lovers Melancholy "
(V., i.). Corax treats the deranged Meleander, after
(as in the case of Lear) putting him to sleep, trim-
ming his hair and beard, and changing his gown,
with music in the form of a song. Similarly the
same dramatist in his " Honest Whore," Pt. I.,
makes the physician Benedict rouse Infelice from
her drugged sleep by music :
You called
For music, did you not ? oh ho, it speaks,
It speaks. Watch, sirs, her waking.
(7., iii.)
In Dekkers " Old Fortunatus " (I., i.), the sleeping
Fortunatus is awakened from his sleep by Fortune,
who commands :
take instruments,
And let the raptures of choice harmony,
Thorough the hollow windings of his ear,
Carry their sacred sounds, and wake each sense,
To stand amazed at our bright eminence.
Massingers 1st. Doctor, in the "Virgin Martyr"
(IV., i.), in attendance on Antoninis, is less successful
in his use of music, for when he orders " Let him
have some music," the Imperial patient starts from
his couch with the contemptuous exclamation, " Hell
on your fiddling 1 "
In the Shakespeare-Fletcher " Henry VIII." (III., i.)
Queen Catherine, sick unto death, commands :
Take thy lute, wench : my soul grows sad with troubles ;
Sing, and disperse them, if thou canst,
and her woman sings the charming " Orpheus with
his Lute," ending with the lines :
In sweet music is such art
Killing care and grief of heart.
Fall asleep, or hearing die.
Contrasted with the more usual reference to the
soothing properties of music is the assertion of
Shylock (" Merchant," IV., i.) as to the occasional
contrary effects :
And others, when the bag-pipe sings i the nose,
Cannot contain their urine.
The effect of music on soul-sick lovers is alluded
to by Shakespeare in the opening scene of " Twelfth
Night " :
If music be the food of love, play on ;
Give me excess of it ; that surfeiting
The appetite may sicken and so die I
 416 NOTES, COMMENTS, AND ABSTRACTS

and in
"
Antony
"
(II., v.), when Cleopatra demands : LANCET is given full permission to publish it. The
Give me some music,—music, moody food
Of us that trade in love.
following is a translation of Prof. Webers letter, the
original of which Dr. Morgan desired to be returned
Lyly has three notable allusions to the effect of to him : " I- thank you warmly for your kind note.
music. In " Euphues and his England " (Croll and The notice of the alleged Herr Dr. Lehmann is
Clemons Edn., p. 408) occurs : undoubtedly a fabrication originating from persons
I see that love is not unlike the stone Pantura [probably who consider it their duty to damage the doctors
pantar6e, the stone of the Sun, supposed to extract gold], which here. Although I come into contact with very many
draweth all other stones be they never so heavy, having in it
the three roots which they attribute to music-mirth, melancholy, persons, patients both from Germany and from
madness. abroad, no single case is known to me in which a
Lillys source for this passage was Plutarch,
"
Quaest. Jewish patient has been treated differently from a
Conviv.," i., 5. - non-Jew. I have myself constantly attended to X ray
In-" Midas (IV., iv.), Sophronia, speaking of the Jewish patients who are socially insured, and I have
king, says : . never heard from them complaints that they have not
But that which maketh mee most both to.sorrow and wonder, been well treated by their doctor. I am convinced
is that musicke (a mithridat for melancholy) should make him that it was not a Herr Lehmann who wrote the
mad.
The third allusion occurs in " The Woman in the
phantasies reproduced on that card."
Moon " (1., i.), when Stesias, discussing the dis- A NEW DIPHTHERIA PROPHYLACTIC
traught and melancholy Pandora, suggests : ALUM-PRECIPITATED toxoid (A.P.T.) of high immun-
0 then to sift that humor from her heart, ising efficiency, made at the Wellcome Physiological
Let us with rundelayes delight her eare :
For I have heard that musicke is a meane, Research Laboratories, is now available in germ-proof
containers of1 or 5 c.cm. The discovery that this
.

To calme the rage of melancholy moode.

They sing, but Pandora starts up with : - toxoid, even in one dose, was a prophylactic of
What songs, what pipes, and fidling have we here? extraordinarily high immunising power in animals
Will you not suffer me to take my rest? was made in the Wellcome laboratories in 1926;
and runs away from her well-meaning tormentors. its use in human preventive medicine was referred to
In these few extracts from the references to the in 1931. Since that date the high immunising
therapeutic effects of music in Elizabethan drama, it efficiency in human beings has been established, but
cannot fail to be noted that those found in Shake- progress has been cautiously slow because of the risk
speare far outshine those of his contemporaries. of causing tissue response at the site of injection ;
may disturb parents.
this, though medically trivial,
The
efficiency of A.P.T. probably depends on the
THE FOOD TECHNOLOGIST
deposition of the relatively insoluble aluminium-
IN a paper read before the food group of the Society toxoid body at the site of injection ; from this the
of Chemical Industry on Wednesday last Mr. H. B. immunising toxoid is gradually liberated. The complex
Cronshaw, Ph.D., editor of Food Manufacture, dealt toxoid body however excites a tissue response, causing
with the lack of facilities for obtaining organised a small painless nodule. This tissue response is
instruction in the principles of food technology. probably an essential factor in the excellent immun-
The food industry in this country differs from other isation which occurs. Experiments as yet unpub-
industries in consisting of more or less independent lished, made in the Wellcome laboratories, have shown
units scattered over the whole of the country, with that in animals two spaced injections of one-tenth,
the result that interest in educational matters is or less, of the ordinary human dose will give more
likely to be self-centred and even parochial. It is, rapid or higher immunity than one single dose. It
he said, no good for research laboratories to be is possible that a similar method may prove useful
working overtime if there is no body of young men in human immunisation by reducing the chance of
qualified to distribute the material of research, and troublesome local tissue response.
there was a need for training technologists capable
of translating laboratory data into works practice. A FRACTURE TABLE
To this end he made out a case for establishing post- IT is a hardship for a patient with a major fracture
graduate or similar departments of food technology to be transferred from one table to another for
at one or more of the centres of higher education on reduction, X ray examination, and immobilisation.
lines found successful in other departments such as The Medical Supply Association Limited have over-
fuel, metallurgy, or mining. Regarding food techno- come this hardship in the Shropshire Orthopaedic
logy as fundamentally a special branch of applied Horse which permits of X ray examination from
biochemistry Dr. Cronshaw would allocate the first above, below, and the side. The table top can be
year of study to chemistry, physics, and general removed so as to allow the surgeon free access to
biology, the second and third years to chemistry, any field of operation, and after removal of the top
biology and bacteriology, and a post-graduate the table can be tilted on its longitudinal axis in
syllabus to cover (1) outlines of food manufacture ; either direction through an angle of 45 degrees.
(2) scientific principles of (a) food preservation, Independent movement of the various supports and
(b) of baking and confectionery ; (3) food analysis ; traction bars along the column allow these to be
(4) industrial hygiene and public health. The placed in any position relative to each other or to
graduate student should be in a position to take up the patient. Evidently a great deal of thought and
any branch of the food industry, his general training time have been expended in the production of the
in basic principles enabling him to adjust quickly to latest model of the horse which may be described as
practical conditions. The food technologist so a very efficient traction and fracture table. It is
developed would play an essential and important already in use at hospitals in various parts of England
r6le in the work of feeding the nation. and Scotland, and in South Africa. Two models
BAD NAUHE1M AND ANTI-SEMITISM
of the horse may be seen at 95, Wimpole-street,
London, W.l.
A QUOTATION was published in THE LANCET of
Oct. 27th, 1934 (p. 968), from a post card received ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OF
PUBLISHING
by a London physician, emanating from Marburg,
and signed by a Dr. Th. Fr. Lehmann. The post card Messrs. Lea and Febiger, the well-known publishers
suggested that the well-known spa, Bad Nauheim, of Philadelphia, celebrate the completion of 150
would not be a pleasant place for British doctors to years of continuous activity as publishers this year,
send Jewish patients to. Dr. H. B. Morgan, writing for the business was established in 1785, antedating
from 4, Aberdare-gardens, N.W. 6, encloses a letter the Constitution of the United States by four years.
to himself from Prof. A. Weber, M.D., director of the Since then it has been in continuous operation in the
University Ralneological Institute of Bad Nauheim, same family, one of the members of the present firm
concerning which he states that the Editor of THE being a great-great-grandson of Mathew Carey, the
 NOTES, COMMENTS,
founder. Carey came to Philadelphia, from Dublin
in November, 1784, having found his outspoken
radicalism dangerous in Ireland. It happened that
LaFayette was visiting Washington at the time
and had known Carey in Paris, when Carey had
withdrawn there during one of his quarrels with
established authority. Hearing of Careys arrival,
LaFayette contrived to meet him, and learning his
intention to establish himself as a publisher gavehim
$400.00 with which to establish a business. When
LaFayette returned to America on his next visit,
Carey had the satisfaction of being able to return
the gift. In the early days the firm gave its attention
to general literature, and many famous works came
from its presses, but none more famous and popular
than Grays Anatomy, for the publication of which
in the United States the firm has been responsible
for 75 years. It publishes also the " American
Journal of the Medical Sciences," now in its 115th
year of continuous publication, having been estab-
lished in 1820 as the " Philadelphia Journal of the
Medical and Physical Sciences." The list of well-
known and often distinguished medical men whose
works have passed through the hands of the firm
is a very large one, and the firm has in recent years
much extended its activities in general scientific
directions.
PRIMARY TUMOUR OF THE URETER
A SURVEY of the records of the Brady Urological
Institute showed that there have been only three
instances of primary growth of the ureter amongst
22,000 urological cases. In a recent number of the
Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins HospitaI,1 Dr. J. A. C.
Colston describes such a tumour associated with the
hitherto unreported complication of implantation of
the primary growth in a diverticulum of the bladder.
M. J. Renner noted in 1931 that 48 cases of primary
growth of the ureter had been reported ; 32 of these
arose from the lower third of the ureter, 5 from the
mid-portion, and 6 from the upper third. Microscopic
examination showed that 40 per cent. of these growths
were papillary carcinomata, 23 per cent. solid carcino-
mata, and 104 per cent. squamous carcinomata.
Transitional-celled growths, cylindrical-celled growths,
and adenocarcinomata made up the remainder.
Dr. Colstons case was first regarded as a simple
hydronephrosis due to an obstruction in the lower
part of the ureter. A nephrectomy was carried out
but the patient had to be readmitted some months
later on account of haemorrhage from the ureter. A
ureterectomy was performed and the enlarged thickened
ureter was found to contain a mass of growth.
FAMILY AFFAIRS
A HAPPY combination of modernity and moderation
characterises a book2 which has taken two years to
"
a guide to all matters affecting children
prepare as
from before birth until the age of 18 years." The
23 contributors are not cranks airing extravagant
views, but highly trained experts whose preaching
is evidently the outcome of practice. Almost every
author notes that the bringing up of a family at the
present time is complicated by the changed and
changing world, a world in which every daughter.
as well as every son must be fitted for a profession
and in which it is no longer safe to assume that
industry, capacity, and character will be rewarded
by assured employment. Mr. Harold Nicholson,
who has contributed an illuminating foreword, says
that, in spite of all he suffered in childhood, from
tapioca and piano lessons, he is nevertheless " on the
side of the grandmother " in nearly every particular.
"
I see no harm," he says, in being obliged, whether
" Preparations Co., Ltd., 27, Old Bond-street, London,
young or old to concentrate on matters which one
happens to dislike. I see great harm in being allowed
to weaken ones powers of concentration by indulging
only in those activities which produce pleasure."
But he realises that a system suited to his own
1
Bull. of the Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1934, lv., 361.
2 The Family Book. A comprehensive guide to family life
from before marriage to the adolescence of children—primarily
for parents. Edited by Gwen St. Aubyn. London : Arthur
Barker Ltd. 1935. Pp. 698. 8s. 6d.
AND ABSTRACTS 417
generation is incapable of application to the generation
born since 1914.
Physical, mental, and psychological aspects of
family life all have their exponents. Special praise
is due to the sections by Dr. A. Morris Johns, On
having a Baby ; by Mr. L. A. G. Strong, Education
of Boys ; the Rev. C. B. Canning, Ethical Aspects of
Family Life ; and Sir Herbert Morgan, Careers
for Boys and Girls. Mr. Kenneth Walker, F.R.C.S.,
has written with frankness and sympathy on prepara-
tion for marriage, and arguments for and against the
practice of birth control have been set out by Mr.
Michael Fielding and Dr. Letitia Fairfield. Dr.
Margaret Hogarth, writing on the development of
the child from 2 to 4, dwells chiefly on the physical
aspects of growth, while Mrs. Basil Hood, who takes
the subject on to the period of adolescence, goes
into many commonly experienced difficulties with
admirable understanding. Parents who accept her
guidance stand a good chance of establishing a
foundation of friendship with their children capable
of withstanding almost any degree of strain or shock.
This is a book to possess, partly in order that it
may be consulted at leisure, and partly because the
different sections will be referred to over a long
period, as family problems arise from time to time.
Few parents will fail to gain something from its
pages, and they will give to the average parent the
encouragement needed.
NEW PREPARATIONS
SEDONAN.-This preparation
para is put on the market
by Messrs. H. R. Nappp Li
Ltd., of 3 and 4, Clements-
inn, London, W.C., and
nd (consists of a 5 per cent.
solution of phenyldimethyl pyrazolon in anhydrous
glycerin, and is intended for employment in cases of
otitis media, otalgia, and other painful conditions
of the ear. The solution should be instilled cold
into the meatus, when its favourable action in
reducing pain and diminishing inflammation is
attributed to osmosis. It need hardly be said that
the treatment should not be embarked upon save
under medical supervision, while the proprietors
issue with the preparation the distinct instruction
that the solution should be used cold and not be
employed in conditions showing a purulent discharge,
nor should hot applications be applied to the ear
while the fluid is being used.
ENERGEN DIETARY SERVICE.—We have set out
previously in these columns (THE LANCET, 1926,
i., 1096) the claims of Energen for the attention
of the medical practitioner, and from the Energen
Foods Co., Ltd. (Bridge-road, Willesden, London,
N.W.), we have now received a series of dietary charts
with specimen menus indicating how the Energen
bread and products, owing to their constitution,
can be used with advantage in the dietary of patients
suffering from many pathological conditions. The
dietary cards are made out in conformity with the
suggestions of many authorities, and the information
contained upon them is sound as well as simple.
The appropriate and orderly dieting of patients in a
particular set of circumstances may be a matter of
embarrassment to the practitioner, and he may often
find a use for carbohydrate tables in other patho-
logical conditions than the obvious one of diabetes
and for specimen menus. He may know that the
information is given in text-books or journals without
knowing how to lay his hands upon it promptly.
Such a case is here well met.
AQUILOX.—These tablets, supplied by Crescent
are made from the tips of selected seaweeds—Ulva
latissima, Rhodyynenia palmata, Laminaria digitata,
and others-and contain iodine in organic form, to
the effect of which the value of the preparation as
a tonic is ascribed. The nutritive value of seaweed
has long been known to primitive peoples, while
apparently it is not only human subjects who may
benefit by seaweed compounds, as following some
experiments in the London Zoological Gardens the
preparation has been fed to animals with success.
 418 VITAL, STATISTICS,
TRAVELLING IN SPAIN
AN announcement was made recently that the
Tenth International Congress of the History of
Medicine would be held in Madrid from Sept. 23rd
to Dec. 29th, and a little handbook has now been
published by the International Board for Travelling
in Spain with the object of familiarising English
readers with a few at least of the innumerable
picturesque aspects of the country. The author,
Dr. F. J. Sanchez Canton, has discharged the task
neatly. Prefaced by pertinent geographical and
historical information he devotes some 70 pages to
notes on the art of the country, follows these with
interesting descriptions of Spanish festivities, where
the catalogue of Spanish delicacies to eat and to drink
is quite seductive, and concludes with hints for
itineraries for the use of those who adhere to the
Congress. The little pictures illustrating the hand-
book are well chosen, and many of them are very
good, considering the scale of reproduction and the
format of publication which is deliberately an
economical one.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
IN ENGLAND AND WALES DURING THE WEEK ENDED
FEB. 2ND, 1935
Notifications.—The following cases of infectious
disease were notified during the week : Small-pox,
0 ; scarlet fever, 2927 ; diphtheria, 2121 ; enteric
fever, 17 ; acute pneumonia (primary or influenzal),
1273 ; puerperal fever, 40 ; puerperal pyrexia, 103 ;
cerebro-spinal fever. 12 ; acute poliomyelitis, 10 ;
acute polio-encephalitis, 1 ; encephalitis lethargica,
12 ; dysentery, 16 ; ophthalmia neonatorum, 84. No
case of cholera, plague, or typhus fever was notified
during the week.
The number of cases in the Infectious Hospitals of the London
County Council on Feb. llth-12th was as follows : Small-pox,
0 under treatment, 0 under observation; scarlet fever, 1297 ;
diphtheria, 2171 ; measles, 148 ; whooping-cough, 297 ; puerperal
fever, 14 mothers (plus 4 babies) ; encephalttis lethargica, 268 ;
poliomyelitis, 3 ; " other diseases," 325. At St. Margarets
Hospital there were 4 babies (plus 10 mothers) with ophthalmia
neonatorum.
Deaths.-In 121 great towns, including London,
there was no death from small-pox, 2 (2) from enteric
fever, 13 (0) from measles, 3 (0) from scarlet fever,
23 (3) from whooping-cough, 66 (4) from diphtheria,
40 (10) from diarrhoea and enteritis under two years,
and 71 (16) from influenza. The figures in parentheses
are those for London itself.
There is a small increase in the number of deaths attributed to
influenza, the total deaths reported for the last few weeks
(working backwards) being 71, 56, 58, 59, 54, 43. This week the
deaths attributed to influenza were distributed over 43 great
towns, Birmingham reporting 3 and no other great town more
than 2. There were 4 deaths from diphtheria at Liverpool,
3 each at Southampton, Wakefleld, Birmingham, and Worcester.
Wolverhampton reported 3 deaths from measles, Stoke-on-Trent
3 deaths from whooping-cough.
The number of stillbirths notified during the week
was 284 (corresponding to a rate of 46 per 1000 total
births), including 49 in London.
Vacancies
For further information refer to the advertisement columns
All Saints Hospital, Austral-street, S.E.-Res. H.S. At rate
of £100.
Bangor, Caernarvonshire and Anglesey Infirmary.-Sen. and Jun.
H.S. £150 and £100 respectively.
Barking Borough Council.—Ophth. Surgeon. 3 gns. per session.
Bath, Royal United Hospital.-H.S. At rate of £150.
Birmingham University.—Lecturer in Bacteriology and Asst.
Bacteriologist. £400.
Bradford Municipal General Hospital, St. Lukes.-H.P.s. and
H.S.s. Each at rate of £150.
Brighton, Royal Sussex County Hospital.-Cas. H.S. £120.
Bristol Dispensary.—M.O.
Bristol University.—Lecturership in Pathology. Also Lecture-
ship in Anatomy.
Cardiff, Welsh National School of Medicine.-Asst. Lecturer in
Dept. of Materia Medica, &c. £500. Also Jun. Asst. in
the Surgical Unit. £450.
AND VACANCIES
Charing Cross llospital, Straimi, W.C.—Surg. Reg. and Med.
Reg. Each £150. Also Med. Reg. (part-time). £50.
Charing Cross Hospital juedical School, Chandos-strect, W.C.-
Lecturer in Hygiene and Public Health.
Chester, East Lancashire Tuberculosis Colony, Barrowmore
Hall.—H.P. At rate of .8100.
Cobhant, Surrey, Schiff Home of Recovery.—Res. Surg. O. At
rate of :8200.
Croydon General Hospital.—Cas. H.S. £125.
Derby, Walton Sanatorium, near Chesterfield.—Sen. Res. Asst.
M.O. £450.
Dudley, Guest Hospital.—H.S. Also second H.S. k200 and
170 respectively.
Fareham, Hants, Knowle l11ental Hospital.—Jun. Asst. M.O.
£350.
General Lying-in Hospital, York-road, Lambeth, S.E.-Jun. Res.
M.O., &c. At rate of £100.
Grove Park Hospital, Lee, S.E.—Asst. M.O. £350.
Hampstead General and N.W. London Hospital, Haverstock Hill,
N.W.—Cas. Surg. 0. for Out-patients Dept. At rate of
£100. Also Clin. Asst. for Ear, Nose and Throat Dept.
Huddersfield Royal Infirmary.-H.S. At rate of £150.
Hull Royal Infirmary.—H.S. to Ophthalmic, Ear, Nose, and
Throat Depts. At rate of £150. Also Third H.S. Atrate
of £150.
Ipswich, East Suffolk and Ipswich Hospital.-Visiting Staff.
Ipswich Mental Hospital.-H.P. At rate of £75.
Kingston-upon-Hull, Anlaby-road Institution.—Asst. M.O. B350.
Liverpool and District Hospital for Diseases of the Heart.-H.P.
At rate of £100.
Liverpool, St. Pauls Eye Hospital.-H.S. At rate of £145.
Liverpool, Stanley Hospital.-Med. Tutor and Registrar. £50.
London Hospital, E.—Surg. First Asst. and Reg. £300.
Manchester Babies Hospital, Levenshulme.-Sen. Res. M.O.
At rate of :8125.
Manchester, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute.-M.O.
£400-£700.
Manchester, IVithington Hospital and Institution.-Jun. Asst.
M.O. At rate of £200.
Mental Hospital Service.—Asst. M.O.s. Each £470.
Metropolitan Hospital, Kingsland-road, E.-Ophth. Surg.
Middlesex County Council.—Physicians, Surgeons, and Obstet.
Surgeons, Grade I. £1000. Grade II., £650. Also Dist.
M.O. and Public Vaccinator. £50.
Miller General Hospital.-H.P. and H.S. Each at rate of 9100.
Also Hon. Dental Surgeon.
Newcastle-uporz-Tbne, Royal Victoria Infirmary.-Part-time
Sen. Surg. Reg. At rate of £100.
Northampton General Hospital.-Hon. Surgeon.
Norwich, Jenny Lind Hospital for Children.-Res. M.O. £120.
Portsntouth Royal Hospital.-H.P. and Cas. O. Each at rate
of £130.
Preston, Sharoe Green Hospital.-Jun. Asst. Res. M.O. At
rate of £100.
Prince of IT-aless .General Hospital, N.—Jun. H.P. Also two
Jun. H.S.s. Each at rate of £90.
Putney Hospital, Lower Common, 8.1f.-Res. M.O. At rate
of £150.
Queen Charlottes Maternity Hospital, Marylebone-road, N.W.-
Res. Anesthetist. At rate of £100. Also Res. Anaesthetist
and Dist. Res. M.O. At rate of .890. Also Asst. Res. M.O.
At rate of £80.
Queens Hospital for Children, Hackney-road, E.-H.P. and Two
Cas. O.s. Each at rate of £100.
Rotherham Hospital.-Cas. H.S. £150.
Royal Dental Hospital of London, Leicester-square, W.C.-
Hon. Asst. Dental Surgeon.
Royal Free Hospital, Grays Inn-road, W.C.-Res. Anæsthetist
for Obstet. and Gynæ. Unit. At rate of .875.
Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, City-road, E.C.-Sen. Res.
Officer. At rate of £150. Also 11 Out-patient Ofticers.
Each .8100.
Royal Naval Medical Service.—Ten M.O.s.
St. Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 49, Leicester-square.-
Med. Regs. to Out-patients and In-patients.
St. Marys Hospital, W.-Physician to Out-patients.
St. Stephens Hospital, Fulham-road, S.W.-Asst. M.O. 9350.
St. 1homass Hospital Medical School, S.E.-Lecturer and
Deputy-Director in Anatomy. £600.
Salvation Army, Mothers Hospital, Lower Clapton-road, E.-
Jun. Res. M.O. At rate of £80. Also Obstet. Reg. £25.
Scarborough Borough.-School Medical Inspector and Deputy
M.O.H. £500.
Sheffield, Jessop Hospital for IIomen.-Res. M.O. At rate of £150.
Southampton Borough Isolation Hospital.-Res. M.O. £350.
South Easterrt Hospital for Children, Sydenham, S.E.-Jun. Res.
M.O. At rate of £100.
South London Hospital for Women, Clapham Common, S.W.-
Out-patient M.O. £100. Also M.O. in Charge of V.D.
Clinic.
Sunderland, Childrens Hospital.—H.P. 9120.
Sunderland Royal Infirmary.—Asst. Pathologist. £350.
Sutton, Surrey, Downs Hospital for Children.-Asst. M.O. 9350.
TVeir Hospital, Grove-road, Balhant, S.LT.-Sen. and Jun. Res.
M.O.s. £200 and 150 respectively.
West Bromwich and District General Hospital.-Hon. Ophth.
Surg.
West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Gloucester-gate, N.W.-
Hon. Asst. Physician.
West London Hospital, Hammersmith-road, W.—H.P., H.S.
Also H.S. to Throat Nose, and Ear Dept. Each at rate of
£100.
The Chief Inspector of Factories announces vacant appointments
for Certifying Factory Surgeons at Chard, Somerset, and
Desborough, Northants.