Bars subjected to Axial Loads

y x

z
pz (z)
 Vy + Vy
Vx + Vx
py (z)
Mx + Mx
Equation
My
of
N T
pz (z)
T N + N
Equilibrium
O

px (z) My + My
Mx Vy
pz (z)
N N + N
Vx

Z z
dN
+ pz (z) = 0 N(z) = N (z1 ) pz ()d
dz z1
 Elasticity
Stress Strain
(Load) (Displacement)

Pure Mechanical Strain Including Thermal Strain

z z
z = z = + (T T0 )
E E
z = Ez E(T T0 )
Strain - Displacement Relationship
Pure Extension
strain constant on the cross-section
w(z): axial displacement function

z dz

z+dz
z+w dz+dw

z+w+dz+dw

(dz + dw) dz dw
z = lim =
dz0 dz dz
 Load Stress Relationship
Pure Extension & Single Material
strain/stress constant on the cross-section

z
N

ZZ
N= z dA = z A
Z ZA
Mx = z ydA = 0 x-y origin at centroid
A
ZZ N at centroid
No Extension/Bending Coupling
My = z xdA = 0
A
 Dierential Equation:
dN
+ pz (z) = 0
dz
d
(Az ) + pz (z) = 0
dz
d
[EAz EA(T T0 )] + pz (z) = 0
dz
d dw
EA + pz (z) = 0
dz dz
Boundary Conditions:
either the axial displacement is specified:
w =?
or the axial force is specified: dw
N = EAz EA(T T0 ) = EA N t =?
dz
 Cantilevered Beam
free
fixed N =0 w=0
N =0 w=0 Vy = 0 v=0
Vy = 0 v = 0 Mx = 0 v0 = 0
Mx = 0 v 0 = 0
Simply-supported Beam

pinned pinned
N =0 w=0 N =0 w=0
Vy = 0 v=0 Vy = 0 v=0
Mx = 0 v0 = 0 Mx = 0 v0 = 0