Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ejemplo :
Partiendo de (x = 1, y = 2) aplique dos iteraciones del mtodo de Jacobi para
resolver el sistema:
Solucion :
Debemos primeramente despejar de la ecuacin la incgnita correspondiente.
Si uno dispone de una hoja de clculo como EXCEL es fcil realizar los clculos
anteriores:
Donde
EJEMPLO 1 :
3 + 12 + = 2
{ 11 + 4 + 3 = 3
3 2 12 = 2
3 12 1 2
( 11 4 3 ) = (3)
3 2 12 2
Verificamos que no tiene una matriz dominante, por lo cual se hace un cambio
12 + 3 + = 2
{ 4 + 11 + 3 = 3
2 3 12 = 2
12 3 1 2
( 4 11 3 ) = (3)
2 3 12 2
2 3
=
12
3 4 3
=
11
223
=
12
Como no se tiene algn valor aproximado, se asume como 0 al inicio del clculo:
0 = 0 = 0 = 0
1ra Iteracin:
2 0 30 2 0 3(0) 1
1 = = = = 0.166666667
12 12 6
3 30 40 3 3(0) 4(0) 3
1 = = = = 0.272727273
11 11 11
2 30 20 2 3(0) 2(0) 1
1 = = = = 0.166666667
12 12 6
2da Iteracin:
2 1 31 2 0.166666667 3(0.272727273)
2 = = = 0.112373737
12 12
3 31 41 3 3(0.166666667) 4(0.166666667)
2 = = = 0.257575758
11 11
2 31 21 2 3(0.272727273) 2(0.166666667)
2 = = = 0.262626268
12 12
3ra Iteracin:
2 2 32 2 0.262626268 3(0.257575758)
3 = = = 0.124158250
12 12
3 32 42 3 3(0.262626268) 4(0.112373737)
3 = = = 0.303489442
11 11
2 32 22 2 3(0.257575758) 2(0.112373737)
3 = = = 0.249789562
12 12
4ta Iteracin:
2 3 33 2 0.249789562 3(0.303489442)
4 = = = 0.111610103
12 12
3 33 43 3 3(0.249789562) 4(0.124158250)
4 = = = 0.295703244
11 11
2 33 23 2 3(0.303489442) 2(0.124158250)
4 = = = 0.263232069
12 12
5ta Iteracin:
2 4 34 2 0.263232069 3(0.295703244)
5 = = = 0.114676861
12 12
3 34 44 3 3(0.263232069) 4(0.111610103)
5 = = = 0.303932345
11 11
2 34 24 2 3(0.295703244) 2(0.111610103)
5 = = = 0.259194162
12 12
6ta Iteracin:
2 5 35 2 0.259194162 3(0.303932345)
6 = = = 0.112283094
12 12
3 35 45 3 3(0.259194162) 4(0.114676861)
6 = = = 0.301715913
11 11
2 35 25 2 3(0.303932345) 2(0.114676861)
6 = = = 0.261762563
12 12
7ma Iteracin:
2 6 36 2 0.261762563 3(0.301715913)
7 = = = 0.113051235
12 12
3 36 46 3 3(0.261762563) 4(0.112283094)
7 = = = 0.303286847
11 11
2 36 26 2 3(0.301515913) 2(0.112283094)
7 = = = 0.260759494
12 12
8va Iteracin:
2 7 37 2 0.260759494 3(0.303286847)
8 = = = 0.1125749128
12 12
3 37 47 3 3(0.303286847) 4(0.113051235)
8 = = = 0.314332327
11 11
2 37 27 2 3(0.303286847) 2(0.113051235)
8 = = = 0.261330251
12 12
I x y z
O 0 0 0
1 -0,272727273 -0,166666667 0,166666667
2 -0,257575758 -0,112373737 0,262626268
3 -0,303489442 -0,124158250 0.249789562
4 -0,295703244 -0,111610103 0,263232069
5 -0,303932345 -0,114676861 0,259194162
6 -0,301715913 -0,112283094 0,261762563
7 -0,303286847 -0,113051235 0,260759494
8 -0,314332327 -0,112574913 0,261330251
EJEMPLO 2
Resolver el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones mediante el mtodo de Jacobi hasta que
el error estimado sea menor o igual a 0.0009
=
+ + =
+ + =
Solucin:
1++
=
3
3+
=
3
7 2
=
4
1era iteracin
1 + 1(0) + 1(0) 1
1 = =
3 3
3 + 1(0) 1(0)
1 = =1
3
7 2(0) 1(0) 7
1 = =
4 4
= (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2
1 2 7
= (0 ) + (0 1)2 + (0 )2 = 2.04294
3 4
2da iteracin
7
1 + 1(1) + 1(4) 5
2 = =
3 4
1 7
3 + 1 (3) 1(4) 19
2 = =
3 36
1
7 2(3) 1(1 ) 4
2 = =
4 3
= (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
1 5 2 19 2 7 4
= ( ) + (1 ) + ( )2 = 1.11215
3 4 36 4 3
3ra iteracin
19 4
1 + 1( ) + 1( ) 103
3 = 36 3 =
3 108
5 4
3 + 1 ( ) 1( ) 35
3 = 4 3 =
3 36
5 19
7 2(4) 1(36 ) 143
3 = =
4 144
= (2 3 )2 + (2 3 )2 + (2 3 )2
5 103 2 19 35 2 4 143 2
= ( ) +( ) +( ) = 0.63333
4 108 36 36 3 144
Tabulando
Error estimado
0 0 0 0 0
1 0.33333 1.00000 1.75000 2.04294
2 1.25000 0.52778 1.33333 1.11215
3 0.95370 0.97222 0.99306 0.63333
4 0.98843 0.98688 1.03010 0.05285
5 1.00566 0.98611 1.00907 0.02720
6 0.99839 0.99886 1.00064 0.01693
7 0.99983 0.99925 1.00109 0.00156
8 1.00011 0.99958 1.00027 0.00093
EJEMPLO 3
Resolver el siguiente sistema, hasta que el error obtenido sea menor a 0.01.
4 = 2
+ 4 = 2
+ 4 = 2
= 0.5 + 0.25()
= 0.5 + 0.25()
1era iteracin:
= (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2
2da iteracin:
= (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
Tabulando:
Error
0 0 0 0 0
1 0,5 1,5 0,5 1,65831
2 0,875 1,750 0,875 0,58630
3 0,938 1,940 0,938 0,20961
4 0,985 1,970 0,985 0.0792
5 0,995 1,990 0,995 0.02449
6 0,998 2,0000 0,998 0.01086
7 1,000 2,0000 1,000 0.00283
0.00283<0.01
EJEMPLO 4
Resuelve el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones mediante el mtodo de Jacobi con un error de
0,0001.
= = =
+ + =
+ =
+ + =
Solucin:
14 1 3
=
10
3 + 5 + 5
=
10
14 1 3
=
10
1era iteracin
14 1(0) 3(0)
1 = = 1.4
10
3(0) + 5(0) + 5
1 = = 0.5
10
14 1(0) 3(0)
1 = = 1.4
10
= (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2 + (0 1 )2
2da iteracin
14 1(1.4) 3(0.5)
2 = = 1.11
10
3(1.4) + 5(1.4) + 5
2 = = 1.62
10
14 1(1.4) 3(0.5)
2 = = 1.11
10
= (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
Error
0 0 0 0 0
1 1.4 0.5 1.4 2.0421
2 1.11 1.62 1.11 1.1927
3 0,803 1,388 0,803 0,4922
4 0,9033 1,1424 0,9033 0,2836
5 0,96695 1,22264 0,96695 0,1205
6 0,936513 1,27356 0,936513 0,0666
7 0,9242807 1,249210 0,9242807 0,0298
8 0,932808 1,239424 0,932808 0,0155
9 0,9348917 1,246247 0,9348917 0,0074
10 0,9326367 1,247913 0,9326367 0,0035
11 0,932362 1,246709 0,932362 0,0018
12 0,932930 1,245889 0,932930 0,00083
13 0,932939 1,246344 0,932939 0,00045
14 0,932802 1,246351 0,932802 0,00019
15 0,932814 1,246242 0,932814 0,00011
16 0,932845 1,246251 0,932845 0,000045