CONCRETE

TECHNOLOG QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE

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Prepared By:

Shivkumar M. Got
 Index

Sr.No Title Page No.

1 Introduction 3

2 Quality control application in concrete construction 4

3 Where does quality control begin? 4

4 How does quality control continue? 5

5 To know the quality of concrete, 5

We can do the several tests.

6 Material Used in Concrete 10

7 Reference 12

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 Introduction

What is concrete?

Concrete is a most widely used constructon material, commonly made by mixing of

Cement with Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate, Water and Admixture.

What is quality of concrete?

For the building structure to be durable, more strength and also for aesthetc,
accomplishing a quality concrete is of supreme importance. This is because the vital factor
which determines or makes a building look elegant, gives a building more strength and
durability the concretes quality.

Low strength and low durable concrete structures have damaged millions of lives and
propertes in past decades. So, in order to achieve a quality and a durable building structure,
maintaining the quality and standard of concrete is paramount.

Quality is perceived differently by different people. Yet, everyone understands what is

meant by quality. In a manufactured product, the customer as a user recognizes the quality of
fit, finish, appearance, functon, and performance.

The quality of service may be rated based on the degree of satsfacton by the customer
receiving the service. The relevant dictonary meaning of quality is the degree of Excellence

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 Quality control application in concrete construction

Mechanical propertes of the reinforcement to be used.

Dimension of the reinforcement.
Locaton of the reinforcement in constructon before concrete poured.
Locaton of pre-stressing ducts.
Propertes of the cement used in the concrete.
Propertes of the concrete mix designed of use in the structure.
Control of the coarse aggregates and fine aggregates going into the concrete.
Mixing of the concrete.
Transport of the concrete to the constructon site.
Slump of the concrete.
Pouring of the concrete.
Control of water additon.
Vibraton/Compacton of the concrete.
Preparaton of areas where different concrete pours are done.
Control of compression test samples
Control of formwork removal.

Where does quality control begin?

It begins in the producton of material used in concrete ( Sampling and Testng):

Portland Cement
Pozzolana
Coarse and Fine Aggregate

Uniformity of concrete producton will be no greater than the uniformity of materials

used in the concrete.

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 How does quality control continue?

Handling and stockpiling

Batching and Mixing
Sampling and testng fresh concrete
Slump
Air Content
Unit weight
Temperature
Transportng and placing the freshly mixed concrete.

To know the quality of concrete,

We can do the several tests.

(1) Tests on Fresh Concrete

a) The Slump test
b) The Compactng Factor Test

(2) Tests on Hardened Concrete

a) Compression Test
b) Tensile Strength Test(Split Cylinder Test)
c) Flexural Strength Test
d)

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 (1) Tests on Fresh Concrete

(a) The Slump Test

The mound for the slump test has the shape of frustum of a cone, 300mm high,
The Diameter of the base is 200 mm and at the top is 100mm.
If the slump is:
25-50 =Low Workability
50-100 =Medium Workability
100-150 = High Workability

(b) The Compacting Factor Test

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 Compactng factor is less than 0.75 = low workability concrete.
Compactng factor is less than 0.92 = High workability concrete.

Compactng Factor Machine

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 (2) Tests on Fresh Concrete

(a)Compression Test

To determine the characteristc strength of the concrete. Size of concrete

cylinder is 150mm dia 300mm long.

Compression test of concrete Cylinder

(b)Tensile Strength Test (Split Cylinder Test)

When the cylinder split the tensile strength of concrete is determined.

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(c) Flexural Strength Test

Test to determine the tensile strength of concrete in flexure have been largely
superseded by the indirect tensile strength test, although it is stll specified occasionally on
pavement and other similar projects where the strength of concrete in flexure, or bending,
is of prime importance.

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 Material Used in Concrete

1) Cement
2) Water
3) Aggregate
4) Admixture

(1) Cement

A mixture of compounds made by burning limestone and clay together at very

high temperature ragging from 1400 C to 1500 Cather producton of Portland Cement
begins with the quarrying of limestone.CaCO3.Then Mixed with Clay(or Shale),sand and iron
ore and ground together to form a homogenous powder.

(2) Water

Water is the key ingredient. When water mixed with a cement, forms a paste
that binds the aggregates together. water causes the hardening of concrete through process
call hydraton.The water needs to be pure in order to prevent side reacton from occurring
which may weaken the concrete or otherwise interfere with hydraton process.The rato of
cement and water is the most critcal factor in the producton of perfect concrete. Too
much water can reduces concrete strength but high workability.Too little water will make the
concrete unworkable but high strength.

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 (3) Aggregate

Chemically inert, solid bodies, held together by the cement. Come in various
shapes, sizes and material ranging from fine partcles of sand to large, coarse rock. Soft,
porous aggregate can result in weak concrete with low wear resistance. Hard aggregate can
make strong concrete with high resistance to abrasion Should be clean, Hard and strong,
Usually washed to remove any Dust, Silt, Clay, Organic matter.

(4) Admixtures

A material ,other than aggregate ,cement and water added in small quanttes
to the mix in order to produce some desired modificaton, either to the physical or chemical
propertes of the mix or of the hardened product. The most common admixture affect
plastcity, air entrainment and curing tme.

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 Reference

Books

Concrete Technology (R. P. Rethaliya)

Concrete Technology (M. S. Shetty)

Web Sites

www.concretenetwork.com
www.constructionlearning.com
www.scribd.com

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