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Definitions of Voltage Transformer Parameters

Edvard

VT

Definitions of the Toltage Transformer Parameters (on photo withdrawable voltage trasnformers 36kV in Schneider Electric's DNF7 AIS MV
Switchgear)

Parameters

Introduction to VTs
The voltage transformer must comply with the network specifications, this is essential.

As with any device, the voltage transformer must meet requirements relating to the voltage, current and
frequency. Voltage transformer specifications are only valid for normal conditions of use. A derating should be
provided for in accordance with the ambient temperature and the altitude.

Rated voltage factor: this is the factor by which the rated primary voltage must be multiplied in order to determine
the maximum voltage for which the transformer must attain the required levels of heating and accuracy. Go to Top

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The voltage factor is determined by the maximum operating voltage, which depends on the network earthing system
and the way the VTs primary winding is connected.

The voltage transformer must be able to withstand this maximum voltage for the time necessary to clear the fault
(see Table 1 below).

Table 1 Normal values of the rated voltage factor

Rated voltage factor Rated time Primary winding connection method Network earthing system

1.2 continuous phase to phase any

1.2 continuous between the neutral any

point of a star
transformer and earth

1.2 continuous phase to earth directly earthed neutral

1.5 30 seconds

1.2 continuous phase to earth limiting resistance earthing

with automatic earth fault
clearance
1.9 30 seconds
(tripping upon first fault)

1.2 continuous phase to earth earthed neutral without

automatic earth fault clearance
1.9 8 hours (no tripping upon first fault)

1.2 continuous phase to earth tuned limiting reactance

(or Petersen coil) earthing
without automatic earth fault
1.9 8 hours clearance (no tripping upon
first fault)

Note: smaller time ratings are permissible by agreement between manufacturer and user.

Rated primary voltage (Up): Depending on their design, voltage transformers will be connected either:

1. Between phase and earth (see Figure 1a); or

2. Between phases (see Figure 1b).

The voltage transformer must be suited to requirements relating to protection and measuring devices.

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The foreseen application of

the voltage transformer is
used to determine the rated
secondary voltage, the
accuracy power, the
accuracy class and the
thermal power limit.

Rated secondary voltage:

this is equal to 100 or 110
V for phase/phase VTs. Figure 1 - Voltage transformer connections
For single-phase
transformers designed to
be connected between a phase and earth, the rated secondary voltage is divided by 3. Go to Top

For example:

Accuracy power: this is expressed in VA and it is the apparent power that the voltage transformer can
supply to the secondary when it is connected under its rated primary voltage and connected to its
accuracyload. It must not introduce an error in excess of the values guaranteed by the accuracy class. Go
to Top

The standardized values are: 10 15 25 30 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 500 VA.

Accuracy class: this defines the guaranteed transformation ratio and phase error limits in specified power and
voltage conditions. Go to Top

Voltage ratio error: this is the error that the transformer introduces in the voltage measurement:

Phase or phase displacement error: this is the phase

difference between the primary and secondary voltages
and is expressed in minutes. Go to Top

Rated thermal limiting output: this is the apparent power

that the transformer can permanently supply at its rated
secondary voltage without exceeding the heating limits stipulated in the standards.
Go to Top

Accuracy class
Table 2 gives the accuracy class generally used in accordance with the corresponding application.

Table 2 Accuracy class in accordance with the application for measuring VTs

Application Accuracy class

Not used in industry 0.1

Precision metering 0.2

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Usual metering 0.5

Statistical metering and/or measurement 1

Measurement not requiring high accuracy 3

The accuracy class is guaranteed if the voltage is between 80 and 120% of the rated primary voltage and for any
load between 25 and 100% of the rated accuracy power with an inductive power factor of 0.8.

The standardized IEC accuracy classes are: 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 3.

1. Classes 0.1 and 0.2 are only used for laboratory devices.
2. Classes 0.5 and 1 are used in the majority of cases.
3. Class 3 is used very little.

Resource: Protection of Electrical Networks Christophe Prv (get this book from Amazon)

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