Khan

4.3 A structure is built on a clay layer 4.0 m thick. How long will it take to reach 50% of its
ultimate settlement (a) under single drainage, (b) under double drainage? Plot the load-settlement
curve for the first five years. cv = 2 x 10-4 cm2 sec.
Salgado

6-7 The results of a consolidation test on a sample of clayey soil were as shown in Table 6-6.
For this test, (a) draw the e-log v curve, (b) compute the compression index, and (c) find the
preconsolidation pressure using the Casagrande procedure

v (kPa) e
50 1.85
250 1.82
500 1.77
1000 1.68
2000 1.56
4000 1.46
8000 1.37
16000 1.05
5000 1.10
1000 1.20
250 1.28
50 1.38

Coduto

10.6 A 1.00 m3 element of soil is located below the groundwater table. When a new compressive
load was applied, this element consolidated, producing a vertical strain, z , of 8.5%. The
horizontal strain was zero. Compute the volume of water squeezed out of this soil during
consolidation and express your answer in liters.

Coduto

10.19 A certain site is underlain by the soil profile shown in Figure 10.22 with the groundwater
table at the initial location. The groundwater table will remain at this location, but 20.0-ft deep
fill with a unit weight of 119 lb/ft3 is to be placed. The only consolidation data available is from
a test conducted on a sample from Point B.The test results are as follows: eo = 1.22, Cc = 0.31, Cr
= 0.09, 'c = 3800 lb/ft2. Determine the ultimate consolidation settlement due to the weight of
this proposed fill. Assume the sands are normally consolidated.

Coduto

10.10 Before the placement of any fill, a consolidation test was performed on a soil sample
obtained from Point B in Figure 10.20. The measured preconsolidation stress was 88 kPa.
Determine whether the soil is normally consolidated or overconsolidated, then compute the
overconsolidation margin and overconsolidation ratio at Point B. Note: These computations are
based on the initial conditions, and thus should not include the weight of the proposed fill.

Craig

4.5 A 10-m depth of sand overlies an 8-m layer of clay, below which is a further depth of sand.
For the clay, mv =0.83 m2/MN and cv=4.4m2/year. The water table is at surface level but is to be
lowered permanently by 4 m, the initial lowering taking place over a period of 40 weeks.
Calculate the final settlement due to consolidation of the clay, assuming no change in the weight
of the sand, and the settlement two years after the start of lowering.

Craig

4.6 An open clay layer is 6m thick, the value of cv being 1.0m2/year. The initial distribution of
excess pore water pressure varies linearly from 60kPa at the top of the layer to zero at the
bottom. Using the finite difference approximation of the one-dimensional consolidation equation,
plot the isochrone after consolidation has been in progress for a period of three years, and from
the isochrone determine the average degree of consolidation in the layer.
Bowles

Dial Readings ( 0.0025 )

Time, min 25 kPa 50 kPa 100 kPa
0 2240 2188 2127
0.25 2234 2180 2119
0.50 2230 2172 2113
1.0 2227 2162 2105
2.0 2222 2153 2094
4.0 2218 2144 2083
8.0 2213 2139 2073
16.0 2208 2135 2062
30.0 2204 2132 2055
60.0 2200 2131 2050
120.0 2197 2130 2047
240.0 2193 2129 2046
480.0 2190 2128 2045
1440.0 2188 2127 2044

2-13. The accompanying data are given from a consolidation test. For the assigned load
increment,
(a) Plot dial reading versus log time and find t50.

(b) Plot dial reading versus , find t50, and compare to step (a).
(c) Assuming two-way drainage and the initial sample height H = 20.00 mm, compute cv.

(d) Compute the secondary compression index c.

Note: On your plot clearly show where Values are obtained and/or any slopes. Show steps c and
d directly on the dial reading versus log time plot.

10.6

An 8.5-m deep compacted fill is to be placed over the soil profile shown in Figure 10.21.
Consolidation tests on the samples from points A and B produced the following results:

Sample A Sample B
Cc 0.25 0.20
Cr 0.08 0.06
e0 0.66 0.45
c 101 kPa 510 kPa
Compute the ultimate consolidation settlement due to the weight of this fill.

4.6 An 8 m depth of sand overlies a 6 m layer of clay, below which is an impermeable stratum
(Figure 4.23); the water table is 2 m below the surface of sand. Over a period of one year, a 3-m
depth of fill (unit weight 20 kN/m3) is to be placed on the surface over an extensive area. The
saturated unit weight of the sand is 19 kN/m3 and that of the clay is 20 kN/m3; above the water
table the unit weight of the sand is 17 kN/m3. For the clay, the relationship between void ratio
and effective stress (units kPa) can be represented by the equation

= 0.88 0.32 ( )
100

And the coefficient of consolidation is 1.26 m2/year

a Calculate the final settlement of the area due to consolidation of the clay and the settlement
after a period of three years from the start of fill placement.
b If a very thin layer of sand, freely draining, existed 1.5 m above the bottom of the clay layer
(Figure 4.23(b)), what would be the values of the final and three-year settlements?