CAST-IN-PLACE

CONCRETE
GROUP 2
INTRODUCTION
IGNACIO, CAMILLE P.
 WHAT IS
CAST-IN-PLACE
CONCRETE?
It is a concrete that is transported in
an unhardened state, primarily as
ready-mix, and placed in forms.
 USES OF
CAST-IN-PLACE
CONCRETE?
 Most foundations and slabs-on-ground
Walls, beams, columns, floors, roofs
Large portions of bridges, pavements,
and other infrastructure.
INGREDIENTS OF
CONCRETE
If theres not enough cement used, then the
result is called ''sandcrete'' and the pad will
eventually fall apart.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Quality assured concrete
High speed of construction
Conservation of energy and resources

DISADVANTAGES
Loss of workability
PREPARING
CONCRETE
COMPONENTS
CEMENT
SAND
GRAVEL
WATER
Excessive impurities in mixing water
not only may affect setting time
and concrete strength, but can
also cause efflorescence, staining,
corrosion of reinforcement,
volume instability, and reduced
durability.
Concrete mixture specifications
usually set limits on chlorides,
sulfates, alkalis, and solids in mixing
water unless tests can be
performed to determine the effect
the impurity has on the final
concrete.
The quality of the paste determines
the character of the concrete. The
strength of the paste, in turn, depends
on the ratio of water to cement.

High-quality concrete is produced by

lowering the water-cement ratio as
much as possible without sacrificing
the workability of fresh concrete,
allowing it to be properly placed,
consolidated, and cured.
Soon after the aggregates, water,
and the cement are combined,
the mixture starts to harden.

Once the concrete is thoroughly

mixed and workable it should be
placed in forms before the mixture
becomes too stiff.
TRANSPORTATION,
HANDLING, AND
PLACING OF
CONCRETE
DISCHARGE
DIRECTLY
INTO FORMS
THROUGH
SHORT CHUTE
BARROWS:

Wheelbarrows
Handcarts
BARROWS:

Power barrows
Power buggies
DUMPERS
AND
TRUCKS
MONORAIL
SYSTEM
ELEVATING
TOWERS
AND
HOISTS
CRANES
AND CABLE
WAY
BELT
CONVEYOR
CONCRETE
BUCKETS
OR SKIPS
TREMIE
 FINISHING
CONCRETE
FLORITA, MICHAEL P.
 Stamped Concrete
This concrete is textured or embossed. This type of concrete is designed to
resemble brick, tile, stone, flagstone, and different variety of texture and
patterns.
Exterior Stenciled Concrete

It is a good alternative to decorative stamping while allowing similar

design flexibility.
Rock Salth Finishes

Water softener salt crystals are placed onto the fresh concrete. The salt
crystals are pressed down using a roller. The surface of the concrete is
later washed, making the salt dissolve from the surface and leaving small
holes.
Cove

This finish is a semi-rough texture that looks like swirls when applied. This
finish is commonly used on pathways, driveways, swimming pool
walkways, and outdoor theme parks.
 Exposed Aggregate Finish
Exposed finish provides an attractive and added slip resistant in sidewalks. It is
created by washing off the top layer of the concrete which exposes the edges
of the natural stone aggregates that were mixed into the concrete.
Float and Trowel Finishes

These finishes allows patterns to be directly made on the concrete. The

texture created on the surface can be smooth, coarse, or medium
depending on the tool used to create the pattern.
Wood Float

Wood float can create a similar look to the cove with the swirls but is
significantly more coarse. It is rarely used except for heavy slopped
driveways for additional grip and longer wear and tear.
Steel Trowel

A steel trowel is used by hand in small concrete areas to create that

smooth surface finish. It is great for areas that can be easily maintained
like kitchen areas.
Machine Trowel

This gives a smoother finish compared to a hand trowel and allows more
coverage to larger areas. It hardens and seals the surface making it
almost resistant to breaks and chipping.
Edging

Edging of the concrete makes beveled or rounded edges on the finished

concrete as well as to create joints which is needed in the surface to
help minimize the concretes cracking. Edging requires practice to
master and a specific edging tool is used for this task.
CURING OF
CONCRETE
DE GUZMAN, VICTOR G.
DEFINITION

Process of maintaining satisfactory moisture content and temperature

Spraying water over freshly prepared concrete
Maintain moisture level of mix (avoid cracks on surface)
7 to 14 days
IMPORTANCE

Concrete strength gain

Improved durability of concrete
Enhanced serviceability
Improved microstructure
PROCESS

prevents or replenishes the loss of moisture from the concrete

maintains a favorable temperature for hydration to occur for a definite
period
PROCESS
Leave the form work used to create the concrete
formation
PROCESS
Use ponding, which as illustrated in the photo above, is
done by forming a dam wall of sand around the
concrete formation and then flooding with water.
PROCESS
Spray water onto the formation
PROCESS
Use some sort of cover that holds and retains sprayed
on water, like a sand layer orhessian
PROCESS
Use a plastic shield, which basically is a plastic sheet
laid on top of the slab to stop the evaporation process
PROCESS
Use concrete curing oils or curing compounds.
WATER CURING

Ponding
WATER CURING

Immersion
WATER CURING

Fogging
WATER CURING

Wet Covering
FORMWORK
DISU, FRANZ ADRIAN
 Introduction
Formwork is a mould or open box, like container
into which fresh concrete is poured and
compacted.

When the concrete is set, the formwork is removed

and a solid mass is produced in the shape of the
inner face of the formwork.

Falsework is the necessary support system that

holds the formwork in the correct position.
 Design Requirements
1. Strong enough to resist the pressure or the weight of the
fresh concrete plus any constructional live loads.

2. Rigid enough to retain the shape without undue

deformation.

3. Economical in terms of the total cost of the forms and

the concrete surface finishing when required.

4. It should be as light as possible.

5. Sufficiently watertight to avoid leakage at the joints.

 Types of Formwork
Types of formwork for concrete
construction depends on:

formwork material

type of structural
element/member
Formwork materials
Timber

Metals

Plastics
 Timber Formwork
Lumber

Plywood
Timber Formwork
 Timber Formwork
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Easy to handle due to Limited re-uses only
its weight It also absorbs water from
Easy to disassemble concrete that results to less
Very flexible strength of concrete
Parts can be easily Moisture content of timber will
replaced affect the form as it will shrink
Useful for small scale due to water.
projects It is also hard to place shoring
Less in cost jacks and supports
Eats up a lot of area
 Metal Formwork
The initial cost of metal formwork is more
than timber formwork but the number of
reuses of metal formwork is higher than
that of timber.

in heavy construction works metal

formwork may require a lifting mechanism
to handle the formwork panels or props.
Metal Formwork
 Metal Formwork
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Very Strong and able to Excessive lose of heat
carry heavy loads problem of rusting
Do not absorb moisture
from concrete
Uniformity in size and
surface finish
Can be used for a long
time
Very rigid
Easy to dismantle
 Plastic Formwork
They have impervious surfaces that usually
create a smooth fnish to the concrete.

Plastic formwork could be reinforced or

unreinforced.

Plastic formwork is lighter but less durable

than metal formwork.
Plastic Formwork
 Plastic Formwork
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Very useful in Expensive initial cost.
complex Requires more skilled
shapes workers
Not used world wide
Easy to
due to price and
disassemble availability
Lightweight
Plastic Formwork
 Formwork Types
(By Shape)
Considering shapes, formwork types
can be classified as:
Column Formwork
Beam formwork
Slab Formwork
Wall Formwork
Column Formwork
Beam Formwork
Slab Formwork
Wall Formwork
 Formwork striking times
The time to be allowed before formwork can
be removed naturally depends on many
factors, such as:

The type of concrete mix used

(type of cement)
The type of structural member
being cast
Temperature
 CONCRETE
REINFORCING
MATERIALS
KIM, MIN SEO
 What is Reinforced Concrete?
Concrete, in which steel is
embedded in such a
manner that they act
together in resisting
forces.
In reinforced concrete, the
tensile strength of steel
and the compressive
strength of concrete work
together to allow the
member to sustain these
stresses over considerable
spans.
 Required Properties of
Reinforcement
High Relative Strength
High toleration of tensile strain
Good bond to the concrete, irrespective of pH,
moisture, and similar factors
Thermal compatibility, not causing
unacceptable stresses in response to
changing temperatures
Durability in the concrete
environment, irrespective of
corrosion or sustained stress
 Deformed Steel Bars
Deformed steel bars are
round steel bars with lugs, or
deformations, rolled into the
surface of the bar during
manufacturing. These
deformations create a
mechanical bond between
concrete and steel.
 Plain Steel Bars
Often rounded in cross
section, these steel bars are
plain in surface and have
diameter ranging from 6 to
50mm
Malleable and can be drilled,
cut and welded to suit
design needs
 Threaded Steel Bars
These bars can be spliced
with threaded couplers or
anchored through steel
plates while still providing
continuous bond between
the bar and concrete.
Used as an alternative to
lapping standard deformed
bars when long bar lengths
are required
Or when bars need to be
anchored close to the edge
of the member
 Welded Wire Fabric
A square or rectangular
mesh of wires, factory-
welded at all intersections.
Used for many applications
such as to resist temperature
and shrinkage cracks in
slabs.
Often used in concrete slabs
 Increases
overall
strength

Substantial Benefits of Minimum

Economy
Cost efficient Steel maintenance
Reduces
in its
construction
Reinforcement cracking and
deformation

Allows
flexibility in
design
 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Mainly used in shotcrete ( a

type of concrete conveyed
through a hose, projected
at high velocity)
Mostly used for on-ground
floors and pavements, but can
also be considered for a wide
range of construction parts
 Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
refers to polymer materials
that are reinforced with
fiberglass, carbon fiber or
aramid fiber
Used where corrosion of steel
bars are likely or where
sensitive electrical or magnetic
equipment might be affected
by a large amount of steel
reinforcement.
 Improves
durability to
weather
cycling

Improves
Benefits of
Reduces
impact and Fiber overall
abrasion
resistance Reinforcement weight

Improves water
migration and
thus aids reduction
in corrosion for
steel reinforcement
 Glass-Reinforced Plastic

a composite
material or fiber-
reinforced
polymer made of
a plastic reinforced by
fine fibers made
of glass. Like carbon
fiber reinforced plastic,
the composite material
is commonly referred to
by the name of its
reinforcing fibers
(fiberglass).
 Strong
lightweight
material

Raw
materials
Less brittle
are much
Benefits of cheaper
Glass
Reinforcement

Can be
more
Bulk strength
readily
and weight are
molded
better than
into
many metals
complex
shapes