IBM System X Technical Principles

IBM System x Technical Principles:
Introduction to System x Architectures and

Servers
XTW01
Topic 1 of 13
This presentation is intended for the education of IBM and Business Partner sales personnel. It should not be distributed to customers.
© 2006
IBM IBM&Corporation
Systems Technology Group Education & Sales Enablement © 2009 IBM Corporation
Course Overview
Upon the conclusion of this module, you should be able to:

> Define a System x server
> Describe system x basic server communications
> Explain the X-Architecture design philosophy and why it offers outstanding
innovation solutions
> Identify the value proposition in eX4 technology solutions versus X3

technology
> Identify the servers and blade servers that are part of the System x portfolio
IBM Systems & Technology Group Education & Sales Enablement © 2009 IBM Corporation
Topic 1 - Course Agenda
> * Definition of a System x Server *
> IBM System x Server Communications
> IBM System x Architectures
> IBM eX4 versus X3 Technology
> IBM System x Portfolio
What Does a Server Do?
> Provides a service - IP Address

> Shares a resource to many requestors - Data Base
> Shares a device out to many requestors - Printer
> Opens a gateway to other systems - Web
> Provides processing power - Numbers
> Stores items - Data World Wide Internet
IP Address
Request
Database Query
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.1 — Used
192.168.1.2 — Used
Database Query 192.168.1.3 — Available
Provides a service - IP Address

Shares a resource to many requestors - Data Base
Shares a device out to many requestors - Printer
Opens a gateway to other systems - Web
Provides processing power - Numbers
Stores items - Data
World Wide Internet
IP Address
Request
Database Query
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.1 — Used
192.168.1.2 — Used
Provides a service - IP Address

Shares a resource to many requestors - Data Base
Shares a device out to many requestors - Printer
Opens a gateway to other systems - Web
Provides processing power - Numbers
Stores items - Data
World Wide Internet
IP Address
Request
Database Query
192.168.1.3
192.168.1.1 — Used
192.168.1.2 — Used
What Is Required to Build a Server?
> Hardware components
Processing capability
− Processor
− Memory
Storage system
− Disk
Communication method
− Physical devices and
media
LAN cards and
cables or modems and
telephone lines
> Software components
Operating system
Applications
− Processor
− Memory
Storage system
− Disk
media
LAN cards and
telephone lines
Operating system
Applications
− Processor
− Memory
Storage system
− Disk
media
LAN cards and
telephone lines
Operating system
Applications
− Processor
− Memory
Storage system
− Disk
media
LAN cards and
telephone lines
Operating system
Applications
− Processor
− Memory
Storage system
− Disk
media
LAN cards and
telephone lines
Operating system
Applications
> Definition of a System x Server
> * IBM System x Server Communications *
> IBM eX4 Technology
Server Communications: Physical
For a server to provide a service:
> Communications must be established with clients

Dialup connections
LAN connections
WAN connections
Server Communications: Dialup Connections
> Dialup connections:

Infrequent links
Remote / mobile workers
– Example:
♦ Modem
♦ ISDN (dial)
Server Communications: LAN Connections
> LAN connections:

High-speed fixed links
Office environments
Bus connection that supports multiple computers
Span relatively short distances
– Examples:
♦ Ethernet
♦ Token Ring
♦ ARCNET
♦ FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
Server Communications: WAN Connections
> WAN connections

High-speed or low-speed fixed or on-demand links
Remote office environments or occasional use
Point-to-point or Multipoint
Can span large distances
Depicted as lightning bolt
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
> WAN connections

– Example:
♦ ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
> WAN connections

– Example:
♦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) (X.75)

Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
> WAN connections

– Example:

Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
> WAN connections

– Example:

♦ HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
> WAN connections

– Example:

♦ HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) Wide Area Network
Bridge or Router
File Server
Bridge or Router
Server Communications: ISO Software Standards
To establish a connection software is required at both

ends.
> Standards established by committees and manufacturers

ISO standard is the open systems interconnect (OSI) seven-layer model
− Other models are based on or comply with this standard
Server Communications: ISO Software Standards
To establish a connection software is required at both ends.
> Standards established by committees and manufacturers

ISO standard is the open systems interconnect (OSI) seven-layer model
− Other models are based on or comply with this standard
Server Communications: Software Protocol
> For computers to communicate successfully, standards need to be applied

(a protocol)
Servers must speak the same language as client; that is, same software protocol
− Examples:
♦ TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol This suite of
protocols is used on the Internet and is widely used for internetworking
mixed hardware platforms. i.e. Token Ring and Ethernet.
♦ IPX Inter-network Packet Exchange Interconnects networks that use

Novell's NetWare clients and servers. IPX works at the Network layer of
communication protocols and is connectionless. Packet acknowledgment is
managed by another Novell protocol, SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange.
> * IBM System x Architectures *
IBM Systems Family - Providing Choice
Mainframe
POWER Systems
- System p
- System i
System x
- System x
- iDataPlex
BladeCenter
IBM Cluster 1350
System Storage
X-Architecture - IBM Systems Family Background
IBM System x
IBM System i IBM System p IBM System z
X-Architecture - IBM Systems Family Background
Ease of Industry
use standard
technologies
IBM System x
IBM System i IBM System p IBM System z
Solutions Clustering
Performance Scalability Availability
Manageability
Celebrating 10 years of innovations…
1997: X-Architecture Blueprint
1998: Light-path diagnostics
1999: IBM Director
2001: VMware collaboration
2002: IBM BladeCenter / 2nd Gen. X-
Architecture
2003: IBM / Microsoft Collaboration
2004: Open BladeCenter design
2005: 3rd Gen. x-Architecture, Blade.org,
Calibrated Vectored Cooling
2006: BladeCenter H, Active Energy
Manager
2007: BladeCenter S 4th Gen. x
Architecture
2008: IBM Systems Director
X-Architecture - Design Philosophy
Adaptive Performance Integrated Infrastructure Modular Optimization
Efficient Power and Cooling Proactive Management
X-Architecture - Design Philosophy
Adaptive Performance Integrated Infrastructure Modular Optimization
Efficient Power and Cooling Proactive Management
X-Architecture - Features
¾ Revolutionary performance and ¾ Simplified manageability

¾ Exceptional availability scalability BMC and RSA
Hot-plug and redundancy X3 technology IBM Systems Director
eX4 technology − Multiplatform
Predictive Failure Alert (PFA) − Multivendor
Advanced memory − Plug-ins
− Chipkill − Enterprise integration
− Online spare − Active Energy Manager
− Memory mirroring
− Hot-plug and hot-add memory
Calibrated Vectored Cooling
¾ Serviceability and support
Light path diagnostics
¾ Flexibility and value Color coding of components
Platform choices IBM Service and Support
Upgrade choices and options − Multiplatform
Integrated RAID − Multivendor
Integrated BMC − Software support
eXtended I/O Electronic Service Agent
Leading performance/watt
Long-term stability and compatibility
¾ Openness ¾ Virtualization
Latest technology and standards VMware since 2001
Blade.org VMware sales and support
Partners in Management Virtual Machine Manager
IBM 1st Generation Technology
IBM xSeries 440
1st generation chipset

Introduced in 2002
> XA-32 chipset

> Memory mirroring
> 32 MB XceL4 cache
> Remote I/O support
IBM 2nd Generation Technology
IBM xSeries 445
2nd generation chipset

Introduced in 2003
> XA-32 chipset

> Hot-swap memory
> 40% more aggregate I/O
> 12 % lower latency
> 64 MB XceL4 cache
IBM 3rd Generation X3 Technology
IBM xSeries 366 and 460

IBM System x3850 and x3950
> XA-64e chipset

> Dual-core Architecture
> x86 64-bit extensions
> 32 way SMP Partitioning
> 96 MB XceL4 dynamic server cache
> PCI-X 2.0 ( All slots running at 266
MHz)
> Mainframe motivated technology
IBM 4th Generation eX4 Technology
IBM System x3850 M2 and x3950 M2
4th generation chipset

Introduced in 2007
> XA-64e chipset

> Six and Quad-bus processors
(1066 MHz)
> 4x Memory capacity
> 2x scalability port bandwidth
> * IBM eX4 versus x3 Technology *
X3 versus eX4 Technology
667 MHz 667 MHz

1066 MHz 1066 MHz 1066 MHz 1066 MHz
3.2 GBps Scalability Scalability

5.12 GBps
Controller Xcel4v Cache Controller
Xcel4v Memory Memory

Cache Controller Controller
1.33 GBps 2.13 GBps
Memory Memory Memory Memory Memory Memory Memory Memory

Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface
Memory Memory Memory Memory
Interface Interface Interface Interface
533 MHz
333 MHz
> Separate FSB for each processor

Major > FSB frequency increased from 667 MHz to 1066 MHz (2.6x total)
changes > Memory bandwidth increased from 333 MHz to 533 MHz and 4x
capacity
> 1.6x increase in scalability port bandwidth for improved scaling
IBM eX4 Technology
Some of the benefits of eX4 technology are:
> Separate FSB for each processor 1066 MHz 1066 MHz 1066 MHz 1066 MHz
> FSB frequency increased from 667 MHz Scalability

Controller 5.12 GBps
to 1066 MHz Xcel4v Cache

Memory
Controller
> 2.6x aggregate FSB bandwidth

2.13 GBps
improvement for higher performance Memory

Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
Memory
Interface
> Memory bandwidth increased from

533 MHz
333 MHz to 533 MHz
> 4X memory capacity (2X from chipset, 2X from DRAM technology)
> Internal chipset bandwidth and queues increased to support four core processors
> Almost 2X increase in scalability port bandwidth for improved scaling
IBM eX4 Technology - System Block Diagram
> * IBM System x Portfolio *
IBM System x - Product Lineup
ENTERPRISE SERVERS
BLADES
QS21 &
x3950 M2 QS22 JS21 & JS22
x3755 x3850 M2
LS22 HC10
RACK MOUNTABLE SERVERS
HS12 IBM 1350
Cluster
&
JS12
x3250 M2 x3350 x3450 x3455 HS21 &
LS42 HS21 XM
x3550 x3650 &

x3650 T x3655 BladeCenter
TOWER SERVERS
iDataPlex
x3400 IBM BladeCenter Chassis

x3200 M2 x3500
E, H, S (above), HT, T
System x - Name Legend
System x naming legend

Full name = IBM System x####
(5)
(5)
Short name = x####
ck
D
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AM
lity
or
or
na
0)
6
x8
tio
r(
(0)
we
”=
nc
el
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Int
Fu
“3
1st # 2nd # 3rd # 4th #
IBM System x3950 M2

IBM System x3950 M2 Short name = x3950 M2
System x - Rack-mounted and tower servers
Rack Systems Tower Systems
System x3250 M2
1U Single Socket
System x3200 M2
Single Socket
System x3350 Optional 5U Rack Mount
1U Single Socket
System x3450
1U Two Socket
System x3455 System x3400

1U Two Socket Two Socket
Optional 5U Rack Mount
System x3550
1U Two Socket
System x3650
2U Two Socket System x3500
Two Socket
Optional 5U Rack Mount
System x3655
2U Two Socket
System x - Enterprise Servers
AMD
AMD Intel / X3
Intel eX4Architecture
Technology
x3755 x3850 M2 x3950 M2
4U
4U
4U
4U
Ultra HPC XA-64e fourth-generation Virtualization

Performance EXA chipset Ready
Compute Node
Unmatched price, 64-bit addressability Pay-as-you-grow SMP

performance, and for ERP/CRM technology with partition
leadership design applications flexibility
Maximum More memory Entry price point 10s of
configurable I/O slots capacity for thousands, not 100s of
virtualized thousands
Fastest, largest
applications
memory capacity Scalability for database
performance “headroom”
IBM BladeCenter - Blade Servers
HS12 HS21 HS21 XM LS22/LS42 JS12/22 QS22

General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose High Performance/ High Performance Compute-
Cost-Efficient Enterprise Server Enterprise Server Scalable Ent. Perf. Blade with Native intensive and
Server Blade Server Virtualization broadband media
apps
Power PowerXCell 8i
1 socket Xeon 2 socket Xeon 2 socket Xeon 2/4 socket Two socket 2 socket Cell/B.E.
Dual-core or Dual-core or Dual-core or Opteron Power6 9 Core
Quad-core Quad-core Quad-core Quad-core Dual-core 32GB memory
Low voltage Low voltage Low voltage 8/16 DIMM up 8/4 DIMMs up Dual Gigabit
models models models to 32/64GB to 64/32GB Optional dual-port
6 DIMM up to 4 DIMM up to 8 DIMM up to One/two HDD Two/one HDD 4x InfiniBand
24GB 16GB 32GB (SAS) (SAS) Single wide blade
Dual HS or fixed Dual HDD (SAS) 4GB Flash Drive 2/4 Gigabit Dual Gigabit
SAS / SATA / Dual Gigabit or SAS HDD TOE 1 PCI-E
SSD HDD. TOE Dual Gigabit TOE 1 PCI-E and Single wide
Dual Gigabit TOE 1 PCI-E and 1 1 PCI-E and 1 1/2 PCI-X blade
1 PCI-E and 1 PCI-X PCI-X Single/double PowerVM
PCI-X Single wide Single wide blade wide blade
Single wide blade blade
IBM System x Family - Positioning
Towers Racks Blades iDataPlex
High Performance
QS22
dx340
JS22
x3450
x3455
HS21 XM
Computing (HPC)
LS42
dx340
Business
Performance
Computing (BPC)
x3755
LS22
x3950 M2/X3850 M2
x3650
HS21 XM
x3550
x3655
LS42
HC10
x3500
Business
HS21
Applications
x3610
x3400
X3250 M2
X3350
X3200 M2
HS12
JS12
Infrastructure
Applications
Power Cell / B.E. iDataPlex

Scale Up vs. Scale Out – What’s the Difference?
ENTERPRISE SERVERS
$$$$$
Grow computing power by:
x3755
Adding additional processors to a x3850 M2
server
x3950 M2
OR
Scale Up
Replacing a current server with a BLADES IBM 1350

larger, and more powerful system QS21 & JS21 & Cluster
QS22 JS22
LS22 HC10
$$ HS12
LS42
Grow computing power &

JS12
HS21 &
HS21 XM
by:
iDataPlex
Adding additional
servers
Scale Up vs. Scale Out – What’s the Difference?
ENTERPRISE SERVERS
$$$$$
Grow computing power by:
x3755
Adding additional processors to a x3850 M2
server
x3950 M2
OR
Scale Up
Replacing a current server with a BLADES IBM 1350

larger, and more powerful system QS21 & JS21 & Cluster
QS22 JS22
LS22 HC10
$$ HS12
LS42
Grow computing power &

JS12
HS21 &
HS21 XM
by: iDataPlex
Adding additional
servers
Scale Out
How can IBM Systems help?
“Go green and save”.
Better manage complexity and

risk.
Realize innovation in day to

day business.
IBM Systems – Technology and expertise for your business

advantage.
Glossary of Terms
Processor IBM System x
Memory X-Architecture
Disk X3 Technology
Network eX4 Technology
Operating System Tower Servers
Applications Rack Servers
LAN Enterprise Servers
Ethernet Blade Servers
TCP/IP
Course Summary
Having completed Topic 1, you should be able to:
> Define a System x server
> Describe System x basic server communications
> Explain the X-Architecture design philosophy and why it offers outstanding
innovation solutions
> Identify the value proposition in eX4 technology solutions versus the X3
technology
> Identify the servers and blade servers that are part of the System x portfolio
Additional Resources
IBM STG SMART Zone for more education

> http://lt.be.ibm.com/smartzone
IBM System x
> http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/x/
IBM ServerProven
> http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/serverproven/compat/us/
IBM System x Support

> http://www-
304.ibm.com/systems/support/supportsite.wss/brandmain?brandind=5000008

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IBM System x Technical Principles:

Introduction to System x Architectures and

Upon the conclusion of this module, you should be able to:

> Describe system x basic server communications

> Identify the value proposition in eX4 technology solutions versus X3

> * Definition of a System x Server *

> IBM System x Server Communications

> IBM System x Architectures

> IBM eX4 versus X3 Technology

> IBM System x Portfolio

> Provides a service - IP Address

Provides a service - IP Address

Provides a service - IP Address

> Definition of a System x Server

> * IBM System x Server Communications *

> IBM System x Architectures

> IBM eX4 Technology

> IBM System x Portfolio

For a server to provide a service:

> Communications must be established with clients

> Dialup connections:

> LAN connections:

> WAN connections

Local Area Network

Wide Area Network

> WAN connections

Wide Area Network

> WAN connections

♦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) (X.75)

> WAN connections

♦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) (X.75)

> WAN connections

♦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) (X.75)

> WAN connections

♦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) (X.75)

To establish a connection software is required at both

> Standards established by committees and manufacturers

To establish a connection software is required at both ends.

> Standards established by committees and manufacturers

> For computers to communicate successfully, standards need to be applied

♦ IPX Inter-network Packet Exchange Interconnects networks that use

> Definition of a System x Server

> IBM System x Server Communications

> * IBM System x Architectures *

> IBM eX4 versus X3 Technology

> IBM System x Portfolio

IBM System i IBM System p IBM System z

IBM System i IBM System p IBM System z

Adaptive Performance Integrated Infrastructure Modular Optimization

Efficient Power and Cooling Proactive Management

Adaptive Performance Integrated Infrastructure Modular Optimization

Efficient Power and Cooling Proactive Management

¾ Revolutionary performance and ¾ Simplified manageability

IBM xSeries 440

1st generation chipset

> XA-32 chipset

IBM xSeries 445

2nd generation chipset

> XA-32 chipset

IBM xSeries 366 and 460

> XA-64e chipset

IBM System x3850 M2 and x3950 M2

Unmatched price, 64-bit addressability Pay-as-you-grow SMP