CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF MONO AXIAL COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY PARAMETERS IN h/d RATIO

OF GRAY SANDSTONE FROM KRIVELJS RIVER TUNNEL LINE

Milenko LJUBOJEV, Ratomir POPOVI, Mile BUGARIN, Dragan IGNJATOVI

Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni bulevar 35, 19210 Bor, Serbia

Abstract

The paper presents the results of researches the influence of h/d ratio on value
of mono axial compressive strength and deformability parameters of gray sandstone
from Kriveljs river tunnel line.

Keywords: Mono axial compressive strength, h/d ratio, absolute size of the
sample, stress-deformation curve

1. Introduction

Rocks, as well as any other material, can be demolished by force effect

(breaking off) under the influence of tightening stress and by reaching border value of
deformation, or by cutting under the influence of shearing stresses. Borderline rock
resistance under the mentioned stresses defines its ultimate strength, which is usually
simply called strength. Under the terms of rock strength is not only the resistance of
demolition with complete loss of connection, which is typical for brittle rocks, but the
resistance for creating large deformations, which is typical for plastic rocks. By the
character of force effect on the test rock sample, it can be varied: compressive
strength, tightening, shearing, bending and torsion.
Many authors had deal with problem of rock destruction by mono axial force
effect. Mono axial rock pressure resistance is a function of many variables and as it so
it is the most explored mechanical parameter. From the many researchers works, it is
clear that the evaluation of contact conditions of loading the test samples, changes the
destruction character and the size of mono axial rock resistance. In the absence of
friction, between the contact areas of the test sample and the effect of force, the
sample is demolishing by twitching and obtained value of strength is closer to the
tightening resistance, but mono axial pressure resistance. In the study of rock samples
in the mono axial pressure contact with the oiled areas and the relation h/d 1, comes
out of lubricant under the influence of axial force and acts as a further tightening
tension, and deformation caused by tightening stress is adding up with the cross
deformation provoked by mono axial force. In other words, in the absence of friction
on the contact surfaces, demolition of rock samples is performed by twitch, by
reaching the border transversal deformation equal to deformation in tightening.
With achieved friction between contacts areas of the force and the sample (by
mono axial loads), demolition of the sample happens by shearing, and mono axial
resistance of the pressure depends on the ratio between height of sample and its cross
section h/d.
Determination of mono axial pressure resistance dependence was
mathematically defined by Milan Cvetkovi [4]:
 Rc=Ax-3+Bx-2+Cx-1+D (1)

where x is:
h
x
d

2. Determination of mono axial pressure resistance of the gray sandstone

and parameter of deformability from the "Kriveljs river"
tunnel route
Gray sandstone rock samples from the "Kriveljs river tunnel route are
h
prepared for testing in ratio 0,5; 1,0; 1,5;2,0; 3,0 and diameter d=7,4[cm]. The
d
obtained values are shown in tables 1 to 5 and in diagrams, figures 1 do 3.

Figure 1: Gray sandstone prepared samples for testing.

Table 1: Obtained values for samples with h/d = 0,5

Relation of Mono-axial
Tangent Secant
Number of free and compressive
h/d module module
sample charged strength
Et[Mpa] Es[MPa]
area p[Mpa]
1. 107,0
2. 105,0
3. 0,5 1,0 112,0 8610 4360
4. 102,0
5. 117,0
Mean value 109,0

Table 2: Obtained values for samples with h/d = 1,0

 Relation of Mono-axial
Tangent Secant
Number of free and compressive
h/d module module
sample charged strength
Et[Mpa] Es[MPa]
area p[Mpa]
1. 97,0
2. 97,0
3. 1,0 2,0 100,0 12000 7210
4. 90,0
5. 91,0
Mean value 95,0

Table 3: Obtained values for samples with h/d = 1,5

Relation of Mono-axial
Tangent Secant
Number of free and compressive
h/d module module
sample charged strength
Et[Mpa] Es[MPa]
area p[Mpa]
1. 85,0
2. 88,0
3. 1,5 3,0 81,0 16300 11340
4. 99,0
5. 98,0
Mean value 90,2

Table 4: Obtained values for samples with h/d = 2,0

Relation of Mono-axial
Tangent Secant
Number of free and compressive
h/d module module
sample charged strength
Et[Mpa] Es[MPa]
area p[Mpa]
1. 84,0
2. 76,0
3. 2,0 4,0 78,0 22100 15890
4. 82,0
5. 100,0
Mean value 84,0

Table 5: Obtained values for samples with h/d = 3,0

 Relation of Mono-axial
Tangent Secant
Number of free and compressive
h/d module module
sample charged strength
Et[Mpa] Es[MPa]
area p[Mpa]
1. 78,0
2. 74,0
3. 3,0 6,0 80,0 35300 27650
4. 70,0
5. 100,0
Mean value 80,4

Figure 2: Dependence of mono axial compressive strength from ratio h/d

 Figure 3: Deformation curves of gray sandstone and ultimate
value of deformations by breakage

Figure 4: Dependence of the deformability parameters from ratio h/d

3. Conclusions

- Mono-axial compressive strength of the rock is not constant value and

depends of many influential factors. Neglecting rocks defects, its structure
and petrographic composition, as well as shape of the samples cross
section, it depends the most of: p=f (h/d, V), absolute size of the sample
and the ratio between height and diameter.
- Deformability parameters are not constant values, but also in function of:
ratio h/d, stress and the absolute size of the rock sample.
- In mining geomechanic, it is difficult to standardize the size of the sample,
on which can be determined some parameters. Our experience shows that
the size of the sample should be adjusted to mining problem, which has to
be solved, as well as the material and structure of the examined rock.

4. References

1. M. Ljubojev, R. Popovi GEOMECHANICAL BASIS, RTB Bor, Copper

Institute Bor, 2006 (in Serbian)
2. R. Popovi, M. Ljubojev PRINCIPLES OF SOLVING
GEOMECHANICAL PROBLEMS, RTB Bor, Copper Institute Bor, 2007
(in Serbian)
3. M. Ljubojev, R. Popovi, M. Bugarin DEFORMATION PRESSURE OF
SUPPORT STIFFNESS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK
MASSIVE ON "KRIVELJS RIVER, TUNNEL ROUTE, Mining works
journal, 2/2008,
4. M. Cvetkovi with group of authors - STUDY OF PHYSICAL,
MECHANICAL AND DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF SALT ROCK
IN YUGOSLAVIA, Institute for mining and chemical-technological
researches, Tuzla, 1973 (in Serbian)