Unit 1A. Questions and answers. Extreme interviews.

Grammar: Asking formation Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

Indirect questions:
I'm not sure what his name is
I wonder/remember/know where I
left the phone
Look v. Look like:
He looks tired
He looks like a famous actor
Reacting to what someone says:
Really? Oh yes? Wow! Why not? Me
too! How interesting!
in fact, essentially, rather than, obviously, in the end, even though,
as far as I know, as far as Im concerned, instead of, of course,
merely, plenty of, underneath, afterwards, either or, neither
nor, sort of, whether or, at a time, in a row, make room,
beforehand, half a dozen
Idiomatic:
think on your feet, be fond of, be keen on, get sidetracked, get
sideline, fiddle with, be favoured by
Adjectives:
impatient, indecisive, cheesy, unfortunate, scary, bizarre, rowing,
deadly, stranded, demanding, clucking, deserted, flustered, aware,
sickeningly sweet, thrilled, self-conscious, self-aware, bizarre, still,
unemployed, weighted, nerve-wracking, stumped, stunned,
gobsmacked, prospective

Extreme interviews: Nouns:

car-jacking, bandage, audition, stick, award, jewellery, trend,
Bizarre questions, headhunter, character, pioneer, survival, lead role, applicant, sabre, whip,
demanding interview process, job- approach, weight, character, blunders, sip
seekers, recruitment agency, think on
their feet, throw questions, candidates, Verbs:
employers, covering letter, human sting, rub, face, pretend, flap, recruit, crush, kick, weigh, approach,
resources, leadership, recruiter, star, despise, concern, notice, hesitate, embarrass, apply, react,
potential, profile, employee reject, dream of, focus on, criticize
engagement
Phrasal verbs:
pull down, turn down, grow up, work out, make up

A bit of a glossary:

Demanding (adj): Exigente

Stranded (adj): Varado, abandonado

Cluking (adj): Cacareando

Deadly (adv): Extremadamente

Stumped (adj): Sin palabras, estupefacto

Stunned (adj): Estupefacto, pasmado, aturdido (=shocked)

Gobsmacked (adj): Patidifuso

Rowing (n): Accin de discutir

Their constant rowing was upsetting to the children

Row (n): Pelea, bronco

Weighted (adj) Ponderado

Blunders (n): Meteduras de pata

Whip (n): Ltigo

Rub (v): Frotar

Pull sth down (ph.v): Bajar, cerrar

Turn sth/sb down (ph.v): Rechazar algo o a alguien

Work sth out (ph.v): Resolver, cuadrar

Basis (n): Base o fundamento

The basis for standardized testing in elementary schools is the need for all students to be at the
appropriate level for their age

Get sidetracked (idm): Desviarse

Get sidelined (idm): Marginarse

Fiddle with (v): Juguetear con (=play absent-mindedly with)

Sickeningly (adv): Repulsivamente

Rub sth (v): Frotar algo

Unit 1B. Do you believe in it? Paranormal happening
Auxiliary verbs:
Yes, I do. No, I don't
So have I. Neither have I
I will. I wont. I do. I dont
Can I? Can't I?
The more... the more:
The more I think about it, the less
you understand it
Look like v. Seem as if:
It look like an animal
It seem as if they were moving
furniture
Adetif. + for + pronom + to +verb:
It's hard for us to do
Paranormal happening:
Spooky coincidence, faith healer,
psychic, fortune-teller, weird, odd,
bizarre, clairvoyance, palmist, birth
chart
Modifiers:
quite, pretty, really, incredibly, terribly,
absolutely, hugely, rather, extremely, a
bit
Grammar: Auxiliary verbs
Question tags: Do you? Doesnt she? Wouldnt we? Should they? Se utiliza por la misma persona
que realiza la afirmacin para asegurarse, verdad?
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
to be honest, just then, in spite of, generally speaking, finally,
meanwhile, eventually, vividly, slightly, definitely, private self, at
dawn, off the hook
Idiomatic:
for sale, be spot on, be spot out, bear in mind, it's worth doing, be
faced with, a sack of, a bunch of, tons of, a fistful of, a raft of, by
heart, be devoted to, walks of life, receive information on, for the
better, feel like, be aware of, raise the alarm, raise the roof, not
raise a finger, raise a smile, rise to the bait, get a rise from, rise to
the occasion/challenge
Adverbs:
vividly, politely, entirely, hugely, straight away
Adjectives:
pleasant, terraced, mystified, accurate, laid-back, enjoyable,
spooky, sceptical, secretive, protective, private, separate, big-
headed, arrogant, self-confident, insecure, legible, illegible,
disorganised, assertive, hard-working, determined, optimistic,
ambitious, disheartened, depressed, well-balanced, stable,
satisfied, open-minded, tight-fisted, absent-minded, two-faced,
good-tempered, bad-tempered, strong-willed, self-centred, hard-
working, well-behaved, easy-going, narrow-minded, prominent,
weird, odd, conscious, conscientious, slightly, rising, tight,
enthusiastic, appropriate, various, relevant, realistic, current,
suitable
Nouns:
clairvoyant, hill, breeze, outskirts, suburb, slum, owner, doorbell,
curtains, estate agent, dome, binoculars, igloo, coffee grounds,
shiver, spine, fortune-telling, self-esteem, angle, consciousness,
conscience, clue, purpose, wellbeing, welfare, tent, width, will, fist,
mix-up, spokesperson, advisor, cover letter, blazer, career,
overview, footwear, technique, skills, insurance, awareness
Verbs:
refuse, drag, keep doing, glide, hallucinate, imply, overcome, sign,
hire, move into, agree, heal, glance, swap, chat, scribble, harm,
raise sth, evolve, develop, swipe the card, cope with, sweep,
sneeze, spill, update, ensure, adhere to, purchase, hire, engage,
encourage, rummage, enquire, multitask
Phrasal verbs:
carry on, run away from, go off, write down, look forward to, come
over, hook up, hook sb into doing sth, draw up, carry on, settle
down, follow up, settle down
 Someone or something is the same:

So do I: Yo tambin

Neither do I: Yo tampoco

Reply questions: Do you? Has he? Se utilizan para contestar y expresar inters o sorpresa

The more the more, the more the less//Cuanto ms ms, cuanto ms menos

Sooner the better//Cuanto antes mejor

Modifiers

With positive characteristics (quite, pretty, really, incredibly, absolutely) and negative
characteristics (a bit, barely, rather, extremely, quite, really, incredibly, terribly)

A bit of a glossary:

Consciousness: (n) Adam has no consciousness of what happened // Hecho de tener conciencia
de algo o conocimiento

Conscience: (n) Conciencia en sentido de moralidad

Conscientious: (adj) Kens work is always very conscientious // Concienzudo

Conscientously (adv): Concienzudamente

Move: (v) They moved into a house in the country // Trasladarse

Terraced: (adj) She lives in the middle one of three terraced houses // Adosadas, en hilera

Vividly: (adv) I can still remember it vividly // Intensamente, claramente

Outskirts: (n) He lives in the outskirts of Malaga // Las afueras, los alrededores.

Slum: (n) Suburbio

Clairvoyant (n): Clarividente

Fortune-teller (n): Adivino

Faith healer (n): Sanador, curandero

Psychic: (n) Mdium

Palmist: (n) Persona que lee las manos

Birth chart: (n) Carta astral

Bizarre: (adj) Extrao, raro, grotesco, excntrico

Odd: (adj) Raro, extrao, impar, inusual

Spot out: (adj) That was completely spot out // Fuera de lugar, desacertado

Spot on: (adj) His girlfriend was blonde indeed, it was spot on // Acertado, justo en el blanco

Accurate: (adj) Preciso

Sceptical: (adj) He is quite skeptical but after knowing that he isnt sure // Escptico

Spooky: (adj) What a spooky coincidence! // Espeluznante, que da miedo, misterioso

Laid-back: (adj) Tranquilo

Slightly (adj)(adv) Ligero, ligeramente

Weird: (adj) Extrao

Swap: (v) We should swap roles // Intercambiar

Bear in mind (idm): Permanecer en la cabeza

Be worth: (v) Its worth bearing in mind // Costar, merecer

Look forward to: (ph.v) I look forward to hearing from you // Esperar con ansia, desear

Underneath: (adv) Sign your name underneath // Debajo

Evolve: (v) Evolucionar

Afterwards: Despus

Overcome: (v) Vencer

Big-headed: (adj) Cabezn

Secretive: (adj) Reservado

Disheartened: (adj) Desanimado

Two-faced: (adj) Falso

Tight-fisted: (adj) Agarrado, tacao

Narrow-minded: (adj) Cuadriculado

Absent-minded: (adj) Despistado

Self-confident: (adj) Seguro de s

Self-centred: (adj) Egocntrico

Strong-willed: (adj) De personalidad fuerte

Self-esteem: (n) Autoestima (=self-worth, self-love, self-regard, ego)

Scribble: (v) Hacer garabatos

Face: (v) Encarar

Glance: (v) Ojear

Glare (v): Brillar, resplandecer

Shallowly (adv): Superficialmente, con poca profundidad

Devote to: (v) He devotes all his time to take care of his mother // Dedicar a

Cope with: (v) Sometimes its hard to cope with life // Afrontar, salir adelante, superar
dificultades

Struggle with (v): Luchar con, encontrar dificultades con

Struggle to (v): Esforzarse en

Wellbeing: (n) Bienestar (=welfare)

Walks of life: Luck is important in all walks of life // Distintas situaciones de la vida

Seek: (v) Buscar

Tent: (n) Tienda de campaa

For the better: It will change your life for the better // A mejor

Hugely: (adv) Enormemente

Hire: (v) Contratar

Width: (n) Anchura

Wide: (adj) Ancho, amplio

Fist: (n) Puo

Fistful (n): Puado

Tight: (adj) Apretado, ajustado

Straight away: (adv) Inmediatamente

Feel like: (v) I dont feel like dancing // Apetecer

Sneeze: (v) Estornudar (n) estornudo

Drag: (v) Arrastrar por el suelo

Glide: (v) Flotar en el aire

Carry on: (v) Seguir, continuar

Hallucinate: (v) He hallucinated a giant purple rabbit // Alucinar

Sweep: (v) Barrer

Sweep along (ph.v): Deslizarse suavemente

Dome: (n) Cpula

Just then (idm): En ese momento, justo entonces

Be faced with (v): Estar enfrentado a

Be devoted to (v): Ser fiel a

Mystified (adj): Desconcertado

Puzzled (adj): Desconcertado

Secretive (adj): Reservado

Legible (adj): Legible, descifrable

Assertive (adj): Autoritario

Disheartened (adj): Desanimado

Shiver (v): Tiritar (n) Temblor

Tremble (v): Temblar, estremecerse (n) Escalofro

Shake (v): Agitar

Imply (v): Insinuar

I do not wish to imply that you are stupid

Mix-up (n): Equivocacin

Hook up with sb (ph.v): Liarse, enrollarse, follar

Off the hook (idm): Liberado, sin culpa

Settle down (ph.v): Establecerse, enraizar

Draw sth up (ph.v): Redactar document, acercar un objeto

At dawn (idm): De madrugada, al amanecer

Rise to the bait (idm): Picar el anzuelo

Rise to the occasion/challenge (idm): Estar a la altura de las circunstancias/desafo

Overview (n): Resumen, en conjunto

Rummage (v): Rebuscar con las manos

Dig for sth (v): Investigar en busca de algo, excavar en busca de algo
Unit 2A: Call the doctor? Illnesses and injuries
Present Perfect simple/continuous:
I've never seen one
I've been doing it for years
I've been watering the garden that's
why I'm dripping
Structure: be unlikely to:
We are unlikely to crash
It's unlikely that we crash
Structure: go and verb
Go and see a doctor
Come and help me
Try and do something
Illnesses and injuries:
Bandage, first aid, wound, ache, cough,
sunburn, rash, a cut, a temperature,
blister, diarrhoea, flu, food poisoning,
antibiotics, painkillers, tablet,
antihistamine, blood pressure, ankle,
infection, allergy, dizziness, medicine,
operation, symptom, aspirin,
cholesterol, paracetamol, specialist,
emergency, tumour, benign tumour,
patient, vitamins, heart rate, pulse,
ulcer, cure, harm, hypochondriac,
disease, virus, treatment, surgery, A&E,
GP, lice, specialist, sticking plaster,
band-aid, extremity, limb, sprain,
thermometer, cramples, sore throat,
undergo heart surgery, choke on, lean,
tilt, collapse, breathe, pinch, treat,
support, save, sneeze, bleed, vomit,
faint, swallow, be sick, sprain, twist,
examine, recover, prevent, scan, x-ray,
develop, reveal, diagnose, research,
cure, press on, itch, faint, hurt,
backwards, forwards, open-heart
surgery, life-threatening illness,
alternative remedies, miracle cures, ECG
machine, heart-rate monitor, support
group forums, blood flow, self-
improvement, clinical trial, medical test,
blood test, allergic reaction, minor
illnesses, ointment, stretcher
Grammar
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
absolutely, first... secondly, unfortunately, sadly, backwards,
forwards, obsessively, sensibly
Idiomatic:
see a doctor, give an injection, have stitches, do exercise, a portion
of fruit, serious illness, under the weather, one in four, don't get me
wrong, to feel blue, to feel under the weather, so far, to be a
comfort, to be out of date, not blink an eye at, open-heart surgery,
life-threatening illness, alternative remedies, miracle cures, ECG
machine, heart-rate monitor, scare stories, support group forums,
blood flow, self-improvement, clinical trial, medical test, blood test,
dim light, fall asleep, feel sleepy, allergic reaction, minor illnesses
Adjectives:
unconscious, swollen, sore, dizzy, allergic, minor, major, horizontal,
unreliable, rare, faulty, life-threatening, alternative, itchy, chronic,
available, reliable, thick, minced
Nouns:
running water, bandage, first aid, wound, condition, kitchen film,
ache, cough, sunburn, rash, a cut, a temperature, blister, diarrhoea,
flu, food poisoning, prawns, antibiotics, painkillers, tablet, cream,
sunscreen, antihistamine, blood pressure, ankle, wasp, infection,
couch, allergy, dizziness, medicine, operation, symptom, aspirin,
cholesterol, paracetamol, specialist, emergency, tumour, benign
tumour, brain, stomach, patient, vitamins, source, heart rate,
survey, pulse, scenario, ulcer, cure, miracle, harm, tip,
hypochondriac, eyesight, level, disease, virus, treatment, surgery,
search, A&E, GP, lice, specialist, plaster, band-aid, extremity, limb,
limp, sprain, thermometer, cramples, diagnosis, wrinkles, myth,
surface, drowsiness, sore throat, stretcher
Verbs:
choke on, lean, tilt, collapse, breathe, pinch, treat, support, save,
sneeze, bleed, vomit, faint, swallow, spin, be sick, sprain, twist,
examine, recover, prevent, scan, x-ray, develop, reveal, race, swap,
diagnose, research, cure, press on, race, scare, claim, itch, blink,
decrease, lack sth, faint, hurt, trust sb/sth, limp, soar
Phrasal verbs:
run off, throw up, get over, come round, pass out, lie down, operate
on, send in, take out, log on, find out, type in, look up, put up, be off,
turn out, set up, suffer from, come up, send sb off to, be off to, lift
up
 Present perfect simple vs. present perfect continuous:

Have you ever written a blog?

Have you ever been having piano lessons for a long time?

A bit of a glossary

Injury: (n) Lesin

Choke on sth: (v) Quedarse sin respiracin, asfixiarse, a causa de

Lean: (v) If someone is choking you should lean them backwards // Tumbar

Wound: (n) Herida

Burn: (n) Quemadura

Pinch: (v) Pellizcar

Treat: (v) Tratar

Treatment: (n) Tratamiento

Threat: (n) Amenaza

Threaten: (v) Amenazar

First aid: (n) Primeros auxilios

Bandage: (n) Vendaje

Collapse: (v) What should you do first if you find somebody collapsed on the ground? //
Derrumbarse, caerse

Run off: (ph.v) Salir corriendo

Ankle: (n) Tobillo

Rash: (n) Erupcin cutnea

Symptom: (n) Sntoma

GP: (n) General practitioner: Mdico de cabecera

Pill: (n) Pldora, pastilla

Tablet (n): Pastilla

Twist: (v) Torcer

Sprain: (n) Esguince

Crample: (n) Calambre

Cough: (v) Toser (n) She has a cough // Tos

Swollen: (adj) Hinchado

Temperature: (n) She has a temperature // Fiebre

Sore: (adj) Irritado, doloroso

Soar (v): Evelarse, salir disparado

Blister: (n) Ampolla

Plaster: (n) Gasa

Stitches: (n) Puntos de sutura

Stretcher (n): Camilla

Needle (n): Aguja

Sticking plaster (n): Tiritas

Painkillers: (n) Analgsicos

Heart rate: (n) Ritmo cardiaco

Feel sick: Con ganas de vomitar

Faint: (v) Desmayarse, desvanecerse

Pass out: (ph.v) Desmayarse, desvanecerse

Pass away (ph.v): Morir

Come round: (ph.v) Volver a estar consciente

Throw up: (ph.v) Vomitar

Get over: (ph.v) Recuperarse

Dizzy: (adj) Mareado

Food poisoning: (adj) Intoxicado

Surgery: (n) Ciruga

Life-threatening: (adj) Muy grave

Ulcer: (n) lcera

Limb: (n) Extremidad, miembro (brazo o pierna)

Limp (v): Cojear

Limp (adj): Dbil, flcido

Limp (n): Cojera

Cut off: (ph.v) Amputar

Pulse: (n) Pulso

Lie down: (ph.v) Tenderse

Wasp: (n) Avispa

Sting: (v) Picar (n) picadura

Scan: (v) The clinic scans women for breast cancer // Hacer un escner

Hypochondriac: (n) Hipocondriaco

Health-related: (adj) Relacionado con la salud

Send off: (ph.v) Mandar a alguien

A&E: Accident and Emergency: Urgencias

Feel blue: Feel under the weather: No sentirse bien

Benign: (adj) Benigno

Look up: (ph.v) If you dont understand a word, I look it up in a dictionary // Buscar informacin

Take out: (ph.v) Sacar

Log on: (ph.v) I have to log on the Internet // Conectarse

Find out: (ph.v) Extraer

Faulty: (adj) Defectuoso

Put up: (ph.v) Subir, levanter

So far: Up to now: Until now: Hasta ahora

Itch: (v) Picar (n) picor

Spin: (v) Hacer girar, rotar

Swallow: (v) Tragar

Drip (v): Gotear (n) gota

Drip (n): What a drip! // Qu aburrimiento de persona!

One in four (idm): Uno de cada cuatro

Be a comfort (idm): Ser una tranquilidad

Faulty (adj): Defectuoso

Be unlikely/likely to (idm): Improblable/probable que sb

Rash (n): Erupcin

Lice (n): Piojos

Drowsiness (n): Somnolencia

Collapse (v): Desplomarse, desvanecerse

Lack sth (v): Carecer de algo (n) lack of sth: la falta de algo

Run off (ph.v): Huir, salir corriendo // run sb off: echar a alguien // run sth off: sacar, imprimir
Turn out (ph.v): Acudir, presentarse

Dare (not) (to) do sth (v): Atreverse, osar, animarse

Unit 2B: Older and wiser? Clothes and fashion
Adj. as nouns:
The young are more tolerant
The Spanish are often loud
Adj. order:
I've got a trendy, blue, plastic, beach
bag
Structure: adj + for + pronom + to + verb
I don't think it's ok for the elderly to
wear very short shorts
Structure find it + adj + to inf:
I find it difficult to do
Comparative emphasizers:
More more effective
Far more interesting
A lot more enthusiastic
Structures with take:
I take 5 minutes to get there
It takes me 5 minutes to get there
Clothes:
Loose fit, tight, hooded, long sleeved,
short sleeved, V-neck, sleeveless,
patterned, plain, checked, spotted,
striped, woollen, scruffy, stylish,
fashionable, old-fashioned, trendy, smart,
pale, streaked, knee-high, ankle-high,
shoulder length, torn, fur, smartly, garish,
baggy, gaudy, unique, get dressed, get
changed, get undressed, fit, suit, match,
chinos, cardigan, slippers, cotton, vest,
denim, waistcoat, fur, collar, lace, top,
linen, lycra, swimsuit, silk, velvet, suede,
bow tie, wool, leather, sandals, piercing,
earring, tattoo, tights, stockings, fabric,
tacky, garments
Grammar
Adjectives as nouns:
The French, the young...
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
afterwards, on one occasion, after a while, fairly, as a last resort,
rudely, barely, bitterly, nearly, previously walking stick, wolf-
wistling, onwards, worn backwards, try clothes on, time and
again, fairly
Idiomatic:
I am in my early/mid/late 20's, raise awareness, gain prestige,
time and again
Adjectives:
adventurous, clumsy, awkward, stubborn, weak, wise, elderly,
false, wrinkled, astonished, shocked, amazed, unqualified, guilty,
life-changing, emotional, physical, mean, responsible,
unemployed, homeless, loose, tight, hooded, long sleeved, short
sleeved, V-neck, sleeveless, patterned, plain, checked, spotted,
striped, woollen, scruffy, stylish, fashionable, old-fashioned,
trendy, smart, pale, streaked, knee-high, ankle-high, shoulder
length, torn, fur, banned, vain, selfish, smartly, streaked,
cramped, deaf, stylishly, garish, disabled, baggy, gaudy, unique,
ancient, various, simplistic, spiritual, ubiquitous
Nouns:
wig, make-up, diary, taste, discomfort, workman, fare, note, cash
machine, pensioner, wisdom, home, chinos, cardigan, slippers,
singer songwriter, cotton, vest, denim, waistcoat, fur, collar, lace,
top, linen, lycra, swimsuit, silk, velvet, suede, bow tie, wool,
leather, sandals, piercing, earring, tattoo, baseball cap, eyesight,
carer, tights, stockings, sawdust, mankind, fabric, tacky,
mainstream, foodie, aversion, garments, needle, thread, trend,
loss, emptiness, mankind, drums, soul, belief, blindness,
baldness, deafness, check-up, pain, sceptic, request
Verbs:
coach, record, react, wolf-whistle, treat, trick, be allowed to do,
dress, get dressed, get changed, get undressed, fit, suit, match,
fit, suit, match, collect, raid, appeal, reject, heal, reflect,
manifest, reverse, vanish, tend to, focus on, lead to
Phrasal verbs:
be like, break down, be through, deal with, go with, hang up,
dress up, look after, wash away, try out
 Adjective order:

1 opinion unusual, lovely, beautiful

2 size big, small, tall

3 physical quality thin, rough, untidy

4 shape round, square, rectangular

5 age young, old, youthful

6 colour blue, red, pink

7 origin Dutch, Japanese, Turkish

8 material metal, wood, plastic

9 type general-purpose, four-sided, U-shaped

10 purpose cleaning, hammering, cooking

A bit of a glossary

Walking stick: Bastn

Adventurous: (adj) Aventurero

Clumsy: (adj) Torpe (=awkward)

Moody: (adj) Con frecuentes cambios de humor

Wise: (adj) Sabio

Wig: (n) Peluca

Wrinkle: (v) Arrugar (n) arruga

Eyesight: (n) Mirada

Fare: (n) Tarifa

Be through: (v) Soportar, sufrir una situacin

Trick: (v) Engaar, trucar (n) truco

Partly: (adv) En parte

Deal with: (v) Encargarse de, tratar con

False teeth: (n) Dentadura postiza

Mean: (adj) Tacao, msero

Look after: (ph.v) Cuidar

Wisdom: (n) Each community has its collective wisdom // Sabidura

Carer: (n) Cuidador

Onwards: From the late 1990s onwards, there has been huge growth in the use of home internet
// En Adelante

Suit: (v) That dress suits you well // Quedar bien la ropa, que te favorece

Whatever: (n) Cualquier cosa

Cardigan: (n) Chaqueta de punto, rebeca

Slippers: (n) Zapatillas de andar por casa

Short-sleeved: (adj) De manga corta

Sleeveless: (adj) Sin mangas

Smart: (adj) Bien vestido

Trendy: (adj) De tendencia

Fashionable: (adj) A la moda

Scruffy: (n) Desaliado

Loose: (adj) Amplio, suelto

Tight: (adj) Ajustado

Old-fashioned: (adj) Pasado de moda

Get undressed: (v) Desvestirse

Fit: (v) Quedar bien la talla de ropa

Match: (v) Combinar la ropa

Tights: (n) Pantis

Fur: (adj) De pelo animal

Put on: (ph.v) Ponerse algo de ropa

Hooded: (adj) Con capucha

Striped: (adj) De rayas

Suede: (adj) De ante

Velvet: (adj) De terciopelo

Lace: (n) Encaje (adj) de encaje

Plain: (adj) Liso

Banned: (adj) Prohibido

Torn: (adj) Rajados, desgarrados

Streaked hair: Pelo con mechas

V-neck: (n) Cuello de pico

Checked: (adj) De cuadros

Patterned: (adj) Estampado

Spotted: (adj) De lunares

Vest: (n) Camiseta sin mangas

Waistcoat: (n) Chaleco

Collar: (n) Cuello de la ropa

Stylishly: (adv) Con estilo

Dress up: (ph.v) Arreglarse

Hang up: (ph.v) Colgar

Get changed: Cambiarse

Selfish: (adj) Egoista

Sheep: (n) Oveja

Last: (v) Durar

Sawdust: (n) Serrn

Cramped: (adj) Six students live in one cramped room // Apretado, estrecho

Fairly: (adv) Con razn, justamente, bastante

Turn to: Convertirse en

Mankind: (n) Raza humana

Belief: (n) Creencia

Disease: (n) Enfermedad

Swear: (v) Jurar

Undergo: (v) Hes going to undergo heart surgery // Someterse

Blindness: (n) Ceguera

Baldness (n): Calvicie

Deafness (n): Sordera

Time and again: Una vez tras otra

Aware of: (adj) Darse cuenta, informado, estar al tanto

Unaware of: (adj) No ser consciente, ignorer

Break down: (ph.v) Derrumbarse psicolgicamente

Ubiquitous (adj): Omnipresente, por todos lados
Unit 3A: The truth about air travel. Air travel.

Past Perfect Simple: Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

He fell asleep immediately because
he had worked really hard
Past Perfect Continuous:
It had been raining for hours, so the
water finally got in
Past Continuous:
actually, by this time, shortly after that, shortly
Idiomatic:
make a difference, let your guard down, lose count of, on board, in
the event of, on a daily basis, be in tears, be in shock, fly a plane,
issue a warning, beautifully designed, carelessly left
Adjectives:
anonymous, sarcastic, rising, annoyed, bumpy, connecting,
overhead, upright, stressful, critical, cleared, terrified, experienced

I was taking a shower when the hot Nouns:

water ran out
Be about to + inf:
He said we were about to crash
So + adj + that:
It was so nice that I bought it
Such + (a) + (adj) + n:
It was such a nice day that we
decided to eat outdoors
Air travel:
wheelchair, staff, safety, life jacket, life vest, whistle, crew,
customs, baggage reclaim, two-way mirror, process, machinery,
shortage, porter, courtesy, long haul, trolley, excess baggage, jet
lag, runway, security, departures board, check-in desk, boarding
pass, goods, hand luggage, lounge, turbulence, aisle,
compartment, tray, seatbelt, aircraft, tab, strap, air-traffic
controller, cockpit, plenty, male, announcement, loudspeakers,
spokesman, error, engine
Verbs:
serve, hijack, smuggle, cause, roast, damage, request, board, land,
delay, scan, fasten, locate, taxi
Phrasal verbs:
go through, look up, get off, get on, check in, drop off, fill in, take
off, break out, bump into

Get on board, departure gate, terminal,

aircraft, aviation, to taxi, runway,
board, severe turbulence, miss a flight,
wheelchair, staff, safety, life jacket, life
vest, whistle, crew, customs, baggage
reclaim, porter, long haul, trolley, excess
baggage, jet lag, runway, security,
departures board, check-in desk,
boarding pass, goods, hand luggage,
lounge, turbulence, aisle, compartment,
tray, seatbelt, aircraft,, air-traffic
controller, cockpit, announcement,
loudspeakers

Grammar

So / such that

A bit of a glossary

In-flight: (adj) En vuelo

Staff: (n) Personal, empleados

Cabin crew: (n) Tripulacin de cabina

Life jacket/life vest: (n) Chaleco salvavidas

Flight attendants: (n) Azafatos

Handluggage: (n) Equipaje de mano

Overhead compartments: (n) Compartimentos para el equipaje de mano

Fasten: (v) Abrochar

Blow into: (ph.v) Inflar

Customs: (n) Aduana

Whistle: (n) Silbato

Laughable: (adj) De risa

Hijack: (v) Secuestrar

Struggle: (n) Prueba que hay que superar

Struggle with sth(v): Costar mucho algo

Struggle to sth (v): Esforzarse en/luchar para

Smuggle: (v) Hacer contrabando

Shortage: (n) Escasez

Worse still: Peor todava

Bumpy: (adj) Movido, bacheado

Miss a flight: Perder un vuelo

Be delayed: Estar retrasado

Long haul: Largo alcance, larga distancia

Upgrade: (v) Mejorar, promover

Air traffic controller: (n) Controlador areo

Take off: (ph.v) Despegar

Land in: Aterrizar

Come out: (ph.v) Salir, aparecer

Come up: (ph.v) Surgir, elevarse, ascender

Break out: (ph.v) Irrumpir, explotar

Aisle: (n) Pasillo

Fear: (v) Temer

Loudspeaker: (n) Altavoz

Scream: (v) Chillar

Be in tears: Llorar

Be about to: Estar a punto de

Disruption: (n) Alteracin, perturbacin, interrupcin

Shift: (n) Turno

Strike: (n) Huelga

Lovesick: (adj) Enamorado

Breed: (v) Procrear

Runway: (n) Pista de aterrizaje

Schedule: (n) Horario, programacin

Disembark: (v) Desembarcar de un barco o un avin

Hold: (n) Bodega del barco o el avin

Calm down: (ph.v) Tranquilizar

Aircraft: (n) Aeronave

Goods: (n) Bienes

Turn up: (ph.v) Aparecer, presentarse

Departures: (n) Salidas

Arrivals: (n) Llegadas

Trolley: (n) Carro para las maletas

Check-in desk: (n) Mostrador de facturacin

Safety demonstration: (n) Instrucciones de seguridad

Flight announcement: (n) Avisos de vuelo

Chalk: (n) Material del que se hace la tiza para la pizarra

Taxi (v): Rodar un avin por la pista

Unit 3B: Incredibly short stories. Adverbs and adverbial phrases.
Position of adv:
I usually meet them all here in the
evening
He drove slowly on the snow
Luckily, the train left on time
I found it really interesting
As + sentence:
He got a glimpse of the tragic scene,
as he pushed the door open.
She was extra careful as she didn't
want to wake up her parents
A bit of a + n:
That was a bit of an exaggeration
Grammar
Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases
Vocabulary
Set out: (ph.v) Decidir
Stab sb: (v) Apualar a alguien
Cliff: (n) Acantilado
Frantic: (adj) Agitado, ansioso
Bitterly. (adv) Amargamente
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
luckily, apparently, basically, ideally, gradually, obviously, especially,
specially, actually, anyway, in fact, surprisingly, according to,
aggressively, bitterly, straightaway, hardly ever, fluently, hardly,
almost, even, still, lately, in/at the end, gradually, incredulously,
preferably, confidently, particularly, as far as I'm concerned,
regularly, typically, certainly, aloud, totally, entirely
Idiomatic:
go on a diet, but then, do well, go through your mind, a thing or two,
can't see a thing, under threat
Adjectives:
crowded, frantic, fed up, desperate, fabulous, local, academic,
tough, pleasant, fit, single-minded, shadowed, outstanding,
withered, chemical, evident, trivial, remarkable, fictional, magical,
inventive, detailed
Nouns:
target, gang, cliff, brake, intake, pudding, stage, revenge, journal,
comics, forum, author, classics, fiction, novels, shooting range,
delight, car park, parking lot, purse, knock, bush, trigger, mugger,
round, package, movie-goer, so-and-so, self-defence, instructor,
prize, judge, chair, warrior, northern lights, prairie, anthem,
memories, quality, Iron Age, reflection, range, openings, chemistry,
prejudice, tomboy, jolly
Verbs:
corner, stab, rob, steal, mug, aim, avoid, add, appeal, craft, inspire,
credit, take hold, dwindle, threaten, grab, stare at
Phrasal verbs:
set out, drive away, throw away, turn to, come along, approve of, be
away, bend down, listen in on, open up, reflect on, carve out, put
off, dive into
Fed up with: Harto de

Go abroad: Irse fuera del pas

Specially: (adv) Especialmente, expresamente

Especially: (adv) Excepcionalmente

Stare: (v) Mirar fijamente

Range: (n) Intervalo (v) oscilar

Aim sth at sb/sth: (v) Apuntar algo hacia/dirigir algo hacia

Aim at: Jacks aiming at becoming the president // Pretender

Aim to: Aspirar a

Achieve: (v) Conseguir

Mug: (v) Atracar

Mugging: (n) Atraco

Trigger: (n) Gatillo

Tough: (adj) Duro, correoso, resistente

Roughly: (adv) Aproximadamente

Moviegoer: (n) Cinfilo

Approve of (ph.v): Considerar acceptable

Bush: (n) Arbusto

Bend: (v) Doblar, incliner

So-and-so: (n) Fulano de tal

Unit 4A: Eco-guilt. The environment and the weather.

Future Perfect: Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

Definitely, absolutely, to tell the truth, straight away, worldwide,
By July we will have finished it. below, earnestly, passionately, unbearably, beyond

Future Continuous: Idiomatic:

commit a crime, running water, for a while, strong wind, heavy
In May we will be doing the exams. rain, severe blizzard, thick fog, to be in haste, a cold spell, over the
weekend, clear the road, down the road, all over the place, be
Happen to do: down to sb, be reluctant to, , be stuck in, cant stand

I happened to be in the wrong place Adjectives:

at the wrong time. recyclable, reusable, convenient, guilty, polluting, polluted, boiling,
scorching, damp, chilly, mild, humid, overcast, bright, icy, clear,
Can't afford to do: settled, changeable, blocked, sleepy, delightful

We can't afford to stay in a hotel. Nouns:

bin, paper bank, container, solar panels, wind turbines, resort,
Avoid doing: lack, heatwave, hurricane, flood, golf course, handwriting,
showers, breeze, mist, drought, blizzard, hail, thunder and
Avoid working outdoors if it's hot. lightning, storm, tornado, cyclone, forecast, delight, term, spell,
weatherman, feast, fence, quiz, snow plough, snow shovel, branch,
Environment: boarding school, fog, smog

recyclable, reusable, polluting, polluted, Verbs:

bin, paper bank, container, solar panels, brush, drown, waste, own, pollute, cycle, install, generate, ban,
wind turbines, resort, waste drizzle, pour, soar, rule, overcome, bury sb/sth, bury yourself in
sth, rattle, bang, howl, remind sb/sth of, spend on, state sth
Weather:
Phrasal verbs:
strong wind, heavy rain, severe blizzard, add up, turn on, get in, warm up, cut down, run out, get to, give
thick fog, boiling, scorching, damp, sth away, invite round to, die down, blow down, bend over, bend
chilly, mild, humid, overcast, bright, icy, down
clear, settled, changeable, heatwave,
hurricane, flood, heatwave, flood, cold
spell, weatherman, fog, smog, hail,
monsoon, showers, breeze, mist,
drought, blizzard, thunder and lightning,
storm, tornado, cyclone, forecast

A bit of a glossary

Overcast (adj): Cubierto, nuboso

Rule (v): Dirigir, gobernar (monarchy)

Govern (v): Gobernar (govern)

Rattle (v): Repiquetear

Give sth away (ph.v): Donar

Invite sb round to=Invite sb to

Die down (ph.v): Ir apagndose

Blow down (ph.v): Derribar, tumbar

Blow sb down (ph.v): Dejar sin palabras

Bend over/down (ph.v): Agacharse, inclinarse

Unbearable (adj): Insoportable, inaguantable

Beyond (prep): Ms all de

Be clear the road for (idm): Tener camino libre para

Down the road (idm): Por el camino, ms adelante

Be down to sb (idm): Ser responsabilidad de alguien, depende de la decisin de alguien (=

depends on sb)

On time (adj): Puntual

Be reluctant to (idm): Ser reacio a

State sth (v): Declarar, manifestar, enunciar

Groom (n): Novio en el da de su boda

Mild (adj): Suave, blando, leve

Snow plough (n): Pala de nieve (=snow shovel)

Feast (n): Banquete, festn

National holiday (idm): Da festivo nacional

Branch (v): Bifurcarse, ramificarse (n) rama, sucursal

Unit 4B: Are you a risk taker? Expressions with take.

Grammar: Zero and first conditionals, future time clauses

Conditional 0: Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

As far as ... is concerned, consequently, otherwise, roughly,
If you heat water, it boils. dramatically, potentially, likewise

Conditional 1:
If he jumps, he will break a bone
(pres+fut)
If it's closed, ring the bell
(pres+imp)
If you have touched it, you're
going to regret it (pres+fut)
Idiomatic:
for the sake of it, especially careful, to be twice as likely to, by far,
so far, so far so good, by nature, by yourself, break the speed limit,
in advance, at the last minute, in good time, catch fire, at the
wheel, take into account, take place, take part, red-handed
Adjectives:
self-conscious, risky, compared to, fatal, urban, cautious, second-
hand, senior

If you're working, you must know Nouns:

that it's illegal (pres+mod)
Future Time Clauses: in case, as soon as,
when
Take the umbrella in case it rains.
Call me as soon as you have
arrived.
Use it when you're climbing.
bungee jumping, paragliding, balloon ride, parachute, zebra
crossing, electrical appliance, first aid kit, key ring, buzz, speed,
assessment, asset, collision, offender, cross-section, helmet
Verbs:
Cheat at sth, cheat on sb, unplug, engrave, cope with, deal with,
deserve to
Phrasal verbs:
turn up, set up, get around, give up, take out, go out with, call off,
make up, meet up, take after, take off, take up, crash into, lock up

A bit of a glossary

Attitude to risk: What do you think its your attitude to risk? Are you a risk taker?

For the sake of it: I wouldnt do something risky just for the sake of it. For Gods sake!

To be open to risking: Im more open to risking a change in appearance, because Im less self-
conscious now

To cope with: Im more self-confident, so Im pretty sure Id cope with any problem

To be in control: Risk means not to be completely in control

To risk: I wouldnt risk just turning up and hoping that there was a table

To run the risk of: I dont want to run the risk of them being the wrong size

Bungee jumping, paragliding, parachute jumping, mountain climbing, balloon ride are too
extreme for me

Speeding tickets: I got quite a few speeding tickets, not as many as I deserved

To regret: Did you regret doing extreme sports later? I never regret nothing

Adrenaline rush (idm): Subidn de adrenalina

To get the buzz (idm): Sentir el subidn

To take out insurance (ph.v): Sacar una pliza de seguro

To be fined: Sooner or later youre going to get caught and be fined.

At the wheel: You should never fall asleep at the wheel.

Otherwise: O si no

Couch potato (idm): Vago nivel Dios

Stationery (n): Material secolar

Hitchhiking (v): Hacer autostop

To meet up (ph.v): Quedar

Offender (n): Delincuente

Assessment (n): Evaluacin, valoracin

Be twice as likely to (idm): Tener el doble de posibilidades de...

Asset (n): Activo, baza (=useful or valuable thing, person or quality)

Set up sth (ph.v): Instalar, montar, configurar

Get around (ph.v): Moverse, desplazarse, viajar con frecuencia

Call off sth (ph.v): Suspender, cancelar

Take after sb (ph.v): Parecerse a

Take up sth (ph.v): Empezar a hacer/practicar algo, aceptar un reto/oferta

Red-handed (adv): Con las manos en la masa

Catch fire (idm): Inflamarse, prenderse fuego

Unit 5A: The survivors club. Feelings and unreal situations.

Grammar: Unreal conditionals (second and third conditional)

Conditional II: Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

If I saw a fire, I'd call emergencies.
Conditional III:
If I had stayed in America,
I would have missed my family.
Apart from, eventually, coolly, nearly, terribly
Idiomatic:
pay attention, take action, take it seriously, lose your head, make a
fire, close at hand, one at a time, all at once, keep me going, no sign
of, cut short, set fire to, on the point of, scared stiff, be fed up with,
every cloud has a silver lining

Mixed Conditional: Adjectives:

If I had stayed in America,
I would miss my family now.
Wait for + Obj + to inf:
We must wait for help to arrive.
hysterical, nearby, sheltered, bright, visible, overwhelmed,
insolvable, insoluble, manageable, alive, hopeless, best-selling,
bewildered, rational, devastated, horrified, delighted, disappointed,
offended, desperate, lethal, remote, furious, exhausted, starving,
guilty, buzzing, homesick, lonely, grateful, relieved, stunned,
stumped, thrilled, guilty, shattered, gobsmacked, sick of, gutted,
astonished, shocked, grateful, upset, down, breathtaking

Adj. + for Obj + to inf: Nouns:

It will be impossible for him to open.
Make sb do sth:
They made us do it.
To have sth left/ There is sth left:
I've only got one left.
There are two drinks left.
crisis, coverage, intruder, matches, cadet, descent, briefing, row,
path, stick, weapon, survival, challenge, goal, avalanche, approach,
species, raft, rainforest, fault, rapids, river bank, repellent, flash
light, torch, trail, log, canoe, search, net, principle, scenery, stream,
shortcut, hopelessness
Verbs:
panic, confront, lock, hike, rescue, memorize, programme,
overcome, bury, whisper, assess, despair, go backpacking, hire,
enter, sweep, persuade, tremble, recover, save, behave, raft,
harrow, head, dig, curl, cut short, despair, exasperate, tie to

Phrasal verbs:
go off, move around, be faced with, sweep away, talk into, scare
away, hold on to, lie down, carry on, slow down

A bit of a glossary

Hysterical (adj): In a life or dead emergency situation, Id panic and become hysterical

Rescued (adj): If you are completely lost, its better to stay where you was, keep calm and wait to
be rescued

Overwhelmed (adj): The majority of us react in the same way to a life-threatening crisis, were
simply overwhelmed // Desbordado, abrumado

Overcome (verb): In Survival School, they try to teach you how to overcome this feeling //
Superar

Deal with (verb): Survival means dealing with a huge life-or-death problem
Manageable (adj): The key to survival is to slow down and divide the challenges into small,
manageable tasks, one goal at a time // Manejable, asumible

Bury (verb): When an avalanche buried the survivors of a plane crash, they whispered to each
other With every breath you are alive // Enterrar

Bewildered (adj): When faced with an emergency 80% of people freeze, they are stunned or so
bewildered that they cant react // Desconcertado

Set off (ph.v.): That morning, we set off on our trip to California // Empezar un viaje

Sweep (verb): The raft was swept down the river at an incredible speed and Yossi was swept
away by the rapids but he didnt drown // Barrer, recorrer

At a time: The key is to eat an elephant one bite at a time

Relieved (adj): If I were abroad and I thought someone had stolen my passport, but then I found
it, Id feel relieved // Aliviado

Eventually (adv): He eventually decided to buy the green car // Al final, finalmente

Take action to/in order to/against (verb): The school is taking action to improve // Tomar
medidas para/en contra

Close at hand (idm): The solution may be close at hand // Muy cerca, al alcance de la mano

Cut short (verb): His treatment has been cut short // Interrumpir, acortar

Gut (n): Intestino. Gut feeling // presentimiento. Gut reaction // reaccin instintiva. Gutted //
destripado, decepcionado, abatido

Shattered (adj): Roto en pedazos

Despair (v): Desesperar, perder la esperanza (=give up hope, lose hope)

Exasperate (v): Desesperar, perder la paciencia (=infuriate, provoke anger)

Move around (ph.v): Mantenerse active

Talk sb into sth (ph.v): Convencer/persuader a alguien de

Scare sb/sth away (ph.v): Ahuyentar

Unit 5B: It drives me mad! Structures after wish. Expressing feelings with verbs or ed/-ing adjectives.

I wish + would: Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:

Regarding, regardless to, deliberately, dramatically
I wish you would make less noise!
Idiomatic:
I wish + simple past: drive me mad, get on my nerves, drive me up the wall, can't be
bothered to, what's the point?, it's no use doing, on average, put
I wish I was taller. the blame on, lay the blame at sb else's door, get on the property
ladder, cry over spilt milk, raise awareness, an awful lot, make a
However + adj.: big difference, let sb off the hook, get involved

However hard it is, I love it Adjectives:

Useful language:
I agree with this one
It really annoys me when people
shout
Its so annoying when people shout
It drives me mad when people
shout
It really drives me up the wall
when
infuriated, infuriating, frustrated, frustrating, terrified, terrifying,
inspired, inspiring, thrilled, thrilling, confused, confusing, amazed,
amazing, impressed, impressive, stressed, stressful, scared, scary,
delighted, delightful, offended, offensive, embarrassed,
embarrassing, disappointing, disappointed, ruminative,
meaningful, isolated, worn-out, committed, various, sandy,
cheerful, fragmented, thrifty
Nouns:
thread, rumour, petrol, case, tissue, trolley, rumination,
annoyance, trash, feature film, screening, soundtrack, award,
documentary, variety, rough-cut, scale, food chain, mindset, bin,
individual, can

Verbs:
annoy, arrange, advertise, range, lead, survey, regret, despise sth,
infuriate, dwell on sb/sth, found, generate, compose, fall apart,
ruin, dig, degrade

Phrasal verbs:
turn up, put away, make up, fall out, look up to, sort out, take on

A bit of a glossary

Lay the blame at somebody elses door (idm): Evadir la responsabilidad y culpar a otro

Cry over spilt milk (idm): Sin sentido, completamente intil

You cant undo what youve done, its unuseful to cry over spilt milk

Get on my nerves (idm): Poner nervioso

The music was starting to get on my nerves

Drive sb mad (idm): Sacar de las Casillas

It drives me mad when you shout

Annoy (v): Enojar

It really annoys me when people shout on mobile phones, its so annoying!

Dwell on sth (v): Obsesionarnos, detenernos, concentrarnos

 We should not dwell on corruption so much

Rumination (n): Reflexin, meditacin, lamentacin

Its barely positive this rumination youre having

Get stuck doing sth (v): Atascado haciendo algo

If you get stuck blaming yourself and regretting past actions, this could turn into depression and
damage your self-esteem

Point (n): Sentido, razn, objetivo

There is no point in buying a coat in summer

Make up (ph.v): Inventar, preparar, constituir

Women make up more than half of the population

Sort out (ph.v): Resolver, solucionar

Both parties wanted to sort out the problem

Look up to (ph.v): Admirar

Fans look up to the celebrities

Look up sth (ph.v): Consultar, buscar informacin, mirar hacia arriba

Look out for sb/sth (ph.v): Observa, vigila

Look out for any further details

Can be bothered to (idm): Molestarme en...

I cant be bothered to raise a finger

Regarding (prep): En relacin con, respecto a (=as to)

They received 500 letters of complaint regarding the drama's violent scene

Gaze (n): Mirada

Cheerful (adj): Alegre, feliz, de buen humor, animado

Fiona is usually cheerful in the morning

Thrifty (adj): Ahorrativo (=frugal)

If you're thrifty you'll have some money left at the end of the month

Range (v): Oscilar

The possible values range from five to fifty

Found sth (v): Fundar, fundir, basar

The scientist founded his theory on the work of his mentor.

Feature sb/sth (v): Presentar a (n) Caracterstica, distintivo

The newspaper featured her on the front page

Feature film (n): Largometraje

Screening (n): Proyeccin/emisin pelcula, revisin para una seleccin, chequeo mdico

Rough-cut (n): Primera versin, primer corte

Mindset (n): Mentalidad, actitud

Fall apart (ph.v): Desarmarse, hacerse pedazos, derrumbarse emocionalmente

Fall out (ph.v): Reir, pelearse

Sort out (ph.v): Planear, ordenar, organizer

Unit 6A: Music and emotion

Gerund or Infinitive? Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other

words:
He carried on reading. consequently, that's the reason why, that's
She wanted to leave. why, profoundly, via, wildly

Gerund: Idiomatic:
move to tears, just about anything, make a
After phrasal verbs: carry on, keep on, give up, look fool of yourself, newly developed, absolutely
forward to, feel like peaceful, absolutely terrifying, lay the table,
Or: help, suggest, enjoy, stand, threaten, stop, mind light a candle, raise your voice, follow the
advice, further help, further information,
Infinitive+to: doctor's office, live up to sbs expectation,
falling pitches
Want, afford, manage, offer
Adjectives:
Infinitive: vast, classical, unwanted, keen on, deaf, live,
blurred, background, high-pitched, low-
Modals, make, let pitched, harsh

Gerund and infinitive with same meaning: Nouns:

bass, guitar, orchestra, genre, keyboard,
Start, begin, continue violin, drums, conductor, choir, chorus, ballet,
rhythm, cello, bouquet, fianc, chauffeur,
Gerund and infinitive with different meaning: chef, chic, photograph, philosophy, villa,
scores, composer, hearing aid, contest, solo
Remember, forget, try, stop, need, like, prefer, love, hate artist, taste, alien, growth, soundtrack, anger,
scene, decade, ceiling, site, universe,
Suggest: cacophony, dance floor, band, thoughts,
string, deaf, jumble
He suggested that she (should) leave
He suggested leaving Verbs:
whirr, hum, clack, weep, seek, perform, post,
Make + inf: exploit, explore, vary, progress

They made me study hard. Phrasal verbs:

I was made to study hard. (Passive) go on to, go with

Music:
bass, guitar, orchestra, genre, keyboard, violin, drums,
conductor, choir, chorus, ballet, rhythm, cello, scores,
composer, hearing aid, contest, solo artist, soundtrack,
cacophony, dance floor, band, string

A bit of a glossary

Weep (v): Lloriquear (weep-wept-wept)

Just about anything (idm): Casi cualquier cosa

Live up to sbs expectations (idm): Cumplir las expectativas de alguien

Harsh (adj): Severo, duro, riguroso, molesto, penetrante

The sound of the city was harsh, with sirens at all hours
Jumble (n): Revoltijo, batiburrillo
Unit 6B: Sleeping beauty
Sleep. Used to, be used to, get used to
Used to do:
I used to play football as a teenager.
Be used to doing:
I am used to jogging, so half an hour
is not a problem.
Get used to doing:
I am still getting used to doing sport,
so I must be careful.
n. + ing:
I have problems sleeping.
I have difficulties finding a flat.
Sleep:
shift work, night shift, midnight, noon,
midday, sleepwalker, nightmare, jet lag,
disorder, nightfall, pattern, blanket,
duvet, nap, siesta, sleeping tablets,
insomnia, light sleeper, pillow, time
zone, snore, yawn, oversleep
A bit of a glossary
Every other week (idm): Cada dos semanas
Time zone (idm): Huso horario
Wander (v): Deambular, vagar, pasear (=ramble)
Gosh (idm): F!
Put out the fire (idm): Apagar el fuego
Put out sb (ph.v): Incomodar
Think again (idm): Reconsiderar
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
curiously, interestingly, understandably, gosh, differently, visibly
Idiomatic:
open/close the curtains, draw the curtains, open/close the blinds,
pull up/down the blinds, every other week, fall asleep, sound
asleep, fast asleep, deep sleep, all sorts of things, start a fire, set
fire, put out a fire, block out the light, for no apparent reason, find
someone guilty, set the alarm, keep someone awake, sleep like a
log, all over the place, to taste sweet, go missing, cattle station,
medical assessment, by a long way, think again, name sb after sb
Adjectives:
brief, brave, faithful, parallel, weekly, yearly, daily, frustrated,
loyal, base, distinct, consecutive, sleepy, jet-lagged, recurring,
fanatic, saline, salty, hostile
Nouns:
shift work, night shift, midnight, noon, midday, sleepwalker,
nightmare, omelette, mess, recollection, tendency, jet lag,
ancestor, disorder, historian, nightfall, pattern, blanket, duvet,
nap, siesta, sleeping tablets, insomnia, light sleeper, pillow, time
zone, backpacker, contact lense, cattle, gap year, outback,
survival, tool, fitness, solution, ranch, sunburn, dehydration, hero,
ordeal, sob
Verbs:
bang, to get to sleep, spill, treat, trip, face, last, pray, wander,
snore, yawn, interpret, oversleep, pack, sob, underuse, misuse,
mispronounce
Phrasal verbs:
block out, put on (TV), charge with, turn round, back up, head for,
stop from, cover up, live up to
Cattle (n.pl): Reses, Ganado

Base (adj): Vulgar

Gap year (n): Ao sabtico

Outback (n): El interior, el campo

Ordeal (n): Dura experiencia

Sob (v): Llorar, sollozar

Name sb/sth after sb/sth (idm): Poner el nombre de alguien/algo por alguien/algo
Unit 8A: Beat the robbers and the burglars. Crime and punishments
The passive: It is said that, he is thought to, have sth done
Passive Voice:
Rumours:
said/thought/expected/believed
I am said to drive too fast
I am said to have driven too fast
I am said to be driving too fast
Double object:
I was given a sports car
A sports car was given to me
Get:
I got mugged in the alley
Need:
It needs painting
To have something done:
I had my apartment painted
Anticipatory 'it':
They prefer it if people are at home
For + us + to do:
It's the best thing for us to do
Be worth:
2,000 quid's worth of goods
Crime:
Sex abuse, allege, offence, indecent
assaults, rapes, victim, waive, court
appearance, serve a sentence,
pickpocket, tube, valuables, burglar,
mugger, robber, shoplifter, quid, mayor,
till, goods, blackmailing, blackmailer,
bribery, bribe, burglary, burglar, fraud,
fraudster, hijacker, kidnapper, mugger,
murder, murderer, rape, rapist, robbery,
robber, smuggler, stalker, theft, thief,
vandalism, vandal, judge, jury, trial,
proof, evidence, punishment, sentence,
witness, verdict, crime, criminal record,
jail, imprisonment, petty criminals,
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
sadly, that way, all in all, dramatically, straight, as a matter of fact
Idiomatic:
to have money on you, keep an eye on, take my advice, never
ever, the inside story, be found guilty, appear in court, learn the
hard way, for sale, make yourself at home, raise suspicions, cant
help yourself to, take for instance, for free, go on strike, paint
graffiti, I dont see eye to eye on this, willingness deprived, bury
the hatchet, red-handed
Adjectives:
urban, suspicious, well-off, overprotective, reputable, regulated,
unpredictable, fake, nearby, armed, everlasting, naughty,
nefarious, leaked, stark, tinpot, insightful
Nouns:
tramp, value, income, cab, pickpocket, tube, valuables, burglar,
mugger, robber, shoplifter, quid, mayor, till, data, goods,
blackmailing, blackmailer, bribery, bribe, burglary, burglar, fraud,
fraudster, hijack, hijacker, kidnapping, kidnapper, mugger,
murder, murderer, rape, rapist, robbery, robber, smuggler,
stalker, theft, thief, vandalism, vandal, judge, jury, trial, proof,
evidence, punishment, sentence, witness, verdict, crime, criminal
record, tape, jail, tag, mask, treat, breed, stretcher, petty
criminals, minor criminals, prank, framework, recall, glimpse,
glare, fake, bluff
Verbs:
pose, warn, search, commit bribe, hijack, commit, blackmail,
kidnap, mug, smuggle, burgle, stalk, vandalize, question,
investigate, acquit, install, renew, stick, get caught, be held,
threaten, report, fool, shrink, download, squat, ill-treat, punish,
dissuade from, appeal, plead, infringe sth, infringe on sth, recall
sth/sb, amend sth, engage with sth, glare, glimpse, serve, fake sth
Phrasal verbs:
break in, go for, search for, set off, charge with, hand over, cut
out, head to, lie around, run off, pay for, ban from, show off
minor criminals

A bit of a glossary

Squatter (n): Okupa

In Spain, squatters are on the rise.

Riot (n): Disturbio

Hint (v): Insinuar

Off-plan property (n): Propiedad nueva, comprada sobre planos

Eerily (adj): Extraamente

Echo (v): Repetir

Border (v): Acercarse a

Dole (n): Subsidio, limosna

Work off-the-books (idm): Trabajar sin papeles, sin registro oficial

Span (v): Abarcar

Overrate (v): Sobrevalorar

Turmoil (n): Confusin

Insight (n): Visin, percepcin

Derelict (adj): Abandonado

Waive (v): Renunciar a algo, no aplicar algo

The singer waived his fee for the benefit concert. The complainant decided to waive his claim to
legal damages.

Appeal (v): Apelar

Plead (v): Aleg, suplic

Make yourself at home (idm): Ponerse cmodo

See eye an eye on this (idm): No coincido, no lo veo claro

Cant help yourself to (idm): No poder hacer nada por, no poder evitar

He cant help himself to make it better

Well-off (adj): Rico, pudiente (=wealthy)

Tramp (n): Vagabundo

Quid (n. sing. y pl.): Una libra, libras (vulgar)

Prank (n): Broma

Glare (v): Brillar, resplandecer (n) brillo, resplandor

Glare at sb (v): Mirar con furia a alguien

Acquit sb (v): Absolver

As a matter of fact (adv): De hecho

Be held (v): Celebrarse, llevarse a cabo

Tinpot (adj): De pacotilla, de medio pelo

Amend sth (v): Cambiar, modificar

Squat (v): Ponerse en cuclillas

Infringe on sth (v): Invadir en

Insightful (adj): Perspicaz, esclarecedor

Unit 8B: Breaking news. The media
Reporting verbs
Reporting verbs:
Offer, refuse, threaten, agree, promise,
remind, advise, persuade, ask, convince,
tell, encourage, warn, invite, deny v-ing,
admit v-ing, regret v-ing, suggest v-ing,
recommend v-ing, accuse sb of,
apologize for, insist on, blame sb for
Jack offered to drive me to the
airport
She agreed to eat together
Simon invited me to have dinner
Molly reminded me to phone
Sarah recommended trying again
Paul admitted stealing the watch
Arthur denied going out
Saying what you think:
In my opinion/view, if you ask me,
personally I think they should
Agreeing/disagreeing:
I completely agree, I dont agree at
all, I think you are right
Would rather + verb:
Id rather do something non
competitive
Media:
Agony aunt, sport commentator,
reporter, editor, presenter, freelance
journalist, newsreader, paparazzi, critic,
sensational, sensationalism, biased,
objective, accurate, censored, editorial,
editor-in-chief, headline, tabloid,
mainstream media, mass media,
newsagent, breaking news, news
release, rolling news
A bit of a glossary
Linkers, adverbs, prepositions and other words:
somehow, to their amazement, as well, at first, regardless of, far/a
lot/a bit more, nearly as as, by far the most, while, whereas,
genuinely, starkly, frankly, honestly, truly, harshly, related to
Idiomatic:
razor sharp, breaking news, put into reverse, put at risk, radio
station, TV channel, soap star, sell well, don't get me wrong, well-
manicured fingers, put under surveillance, attention-seeking
behaviour, seemed to have been, few words to the wise, a word
to the wise is sufficient, give birth to, Christmas Eve, turn a blind
eye, its worth a try, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,
its worth doing, worth it
Adjectives:
entangled, spare, dopey, freelance, manicured, armoured, bloody,
rear, side-lined, glamorous, biased, sensational, objective,
accurate, censored, significant, snappy, much-loved, well-known,
notorious, next-door, investigative, anti-social, attention-seeking,
microscopic, unsolved, tried, baffled, confused, mystified,
attractive-looking, iron-fist, deafening, gloomy, gripping,
fascinating, manipulated, manipulative, dissuasive
Nouns:
mass media, celebrity, gossip, gums, shot, cord, paw, hound,
snowman, keeper, recipe, raspberry, playoff, apology, reporter,
editor, paparazzo, presenter, agony aunt, mantra, IED, handle,
commissionaire, lobby, grounds, viewers, headlines,
commentator, critic, newsreader, row, affair, censorship, apron,
readers, arrangement, assignment, assessment, attachment,
freelance journalist, outlets, highlights, quote, urge, skip,
discovery, suspicion, villain, concerns, figures, gunpowder, life
sentence, origin, marks, worries, advice, zilch, manipulation, bluff
Verbs:
sniff, spit, fail to do, miscount, chew, dial, claim, tap, bid, wed, tip,
axe, quiz, vow, avenge, shove, sideline, bias for/against, shove,
shout at, split, back, yawn (gap), disclose, betray, hack, hack into,
report, assess, baffle sb, reconstruct, convict, imprison, aid,
appeal, release, serve, try, discount, enrich sth, matter, advise sb
on sth, dissuade sb from sth, legitimize sth, be entangled in sth,
manipulate sth, yell, assume, remind sb of sth/sb
Phrasal verbs:
pull out, run through, reach for, lock up, let down, pass round,
climb into, move forward, sweep along, turn in, pull up, step
forward, walk through, send out, take in, go off, turn down, scroll
down, follow around, clash over, find out, use up, tip to, carry out,
come forward (with), ramp up, queue up, track down
Concern (n): Preocupacin

This can raise concerns related to the effect.

Infosec (adj): Relativo a seguridad informtica

Rock (v): Sacudir

Tipped to (ph.v): Encaminado a/inclinado hacia

Bid to (ph.v): Ofrecerse a

IED: Inversin extranjera directa

Report (v): Reportar, informar, denunciar

Come forward (ph.v): Ir a la polica, dar un paso al frente, presentarse voluntario

The preacher said; "Come forward now if you feel the spirit"

Discount (v): Descartar, menospreciar

The professor completely discounts every argument suggested by a woman

Tried (adj): Probado, testado

We only want to hire workers with tried skills

Plead (v): Suplicar, implorer, alegar, declararse en un juicio, defender a alguien en juicio

John's mother pleaded with him to lead a more respectable life

Media or mass media(n.pl): Medios de comunicacin (tv, radio, papers)

The mass media are becoming too powerful

Medium of (n): Un solo medio de comunicacin

By the medium of television, children see the world

News (n.sing): Noticias

The news starts at 6:30 on channel 3

Mark (n): Nota, calificacin

Worry (n): Preocupacin (=concern)

Regardless of (adv): Indepedientemente de

Advice (n): Consejos (incontable, nunca artculo ni plural) a piece of advice, a word of advice

Gloomy (adj): Pesimista, melanclico, encapotado

Toodler (n): Nio de 1 a 2 aos

Half (n)(adj): Mitad, medio

Four out of ten people (idm): cuatro de cada diez personas

Zilch (n): Nada de nada

Snappy (adj): Rpido, enrgico

Susie is a snappy worker; she finished assignments very quickly

Baffled (adj): Perplejo (=confused, puzzled, mystified, gobsmacked)

The students looked baffled when they saw the exam questions

Baffle sb (v): Confundir a alguien, frustrar, desconcertar

I thought Evan really wanted to take the class; it baffles me that he didn't

Gripping (adj): Fascinante, apasionante (=fascinating) (n) sujecin, agarre

The gripping performance made the actor famous overnight

Shove (v): Empujar, dar un empujn

Run through (ph.v): Repasar

We will run through that difficult song once more before the show starts
Telling an anecdote/short story/fairy tail/an adventure: We use past tenses

1) Introduction: Set the scene. We write when and where the event happened, using our senses,
who the people in the story were and what happened first. We should use past sentences. To
start/end a story, we can use direct speech, ask a rhetorical question, and refer to moods or
feelings.

2) Main body: Main events. We describe the events in the order they happened. One of the
events should be the climax event.

Time expressions: At the moment, by then, as soon as, ten minutes later/after, one morning in
September, just in time to, immediately, after a while, for a while

Past tenses: Past perfect for describing the background to the situation, simple past for
narrating events, past continuous for setting the scene

3) Conclusion: What happened in the end. We write what happened in the end of the story and
how the people felt. We should use a variety of adjectives and adverbs to make our story more
interesting

Opinion composition: We usually use present tenses and avoid informal language and colloquialisms.

1) The introduction: Think about what the current situation is and what your opinion is. We
should state our opinion clearly.

Ways to giving examples: (Personally) I think, I (strongly) believe, in my opinion/view, it

seems to me that, in addition, also, without a doubt, for sure, its obvious to me
that

2) Main paragraphs: Try to think of at least two or three reasons to support your opinion. You
could also include examples to back up your reasons. We should present our viewpoints.

Ways of giving examples: There are several things we can do, for example/for instance/such
as, another thing we can do is, we can also

3) The conclusion: Think of how to express your conclusion (a summary of your opinion). We
restate our opinion in other words

For and against composition:

1) The introduction: We present the topic without giving our opinion.

2) Main paragraphs: List two or three advantages and disadvantages, and number them in order
of importance. For instance, in the second paragraph, we give the arguments for the topic
together with justifications and examples. In the third paragraph, we give the arguments
against the topic. We start each paragraph with appropriate topic sentences.

To list advantages/disadvantages: the main advantage, another disadvantage, the pros, the
cons
To add more points to the same topic: in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more,
besides
To introduce an example: for instance, for example, such as, as well as
 To give a reason: due to, because (+clause), because of (+noum), thats why
To make contrasting points: however, in spite of/despite (the fact of), although, even though,
on the other hand, in contrast, while, whereas

3) The conclusion: We write our balanced personal opinion, or summarise the main arguments for
and against

To introduce the conclusion: to sum up, to summarise, last but not least, in conclusion

An article: We usually use past tenses but present tenses to talk about the current situation. We should
use a variety of adjectives and adverbs. Articles are written in a neutral or informal style.

1) The introduction: We think of a good introductory sentence (or sentences). For example we
can start describing the subject chosen as well as the reason for our choice.

2) Main paragraphs: Try to think of at least two or three useful tips, sensations

Ways of giving advice: dont forget to, remember to, make sure you, you should, never
miss

Reasons: in case, so (that), because it might, one of the strengths of, the only
downside, the main weakness of

3) The conclusion: We write about our feelings and personal comments and/or our
recommendations.

An informal email/a post in a forum:

Opening expressions in the email: thanks for your email/letter, it was great to hear from you,
sorry for not writing you earlier, sorry that I havent been in touch for a while, I hope you
and your family are well

Describing a photo: We use present tenses but past tenses are usual to speculate what happened

To describe physically a photo or a picture: in the foreground, in the background, in the centre
of the photo, at the top, at the bottom, in the top right corner, in the bottom left corner, in
front of, to his/her/its right/left, above, below, behind, opposite him/her/it
Speculating: the (man) looks like, it seems that/to be, the (man)/it looks/seems as if/as
though,the (man) may/might be, perhaps it is,it reminds me of, they both, both of
them, it is probably, most probably, I find difficult to believe that, they were about to, they
must have been, its likely that, they are likely to be, seem to have been

Confusing words: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/lay-or-lie

Lay-laid-laid: To put something down carefully in a flat position

Lie-lay-lain: To be in or put yourself into a flat position

Lie-lied-lied: Say something which is not true

Die-died-died (v): Morir (= pass away)// dead (adj): muerto // death (n): la muerte