Photoshop Q and A:

Q 1) What is the extension name of Photoshop?

Ans) Like most file formats, PSD supports files up to 2 GB in size. For
files larger than 2 GB, save in Large Document Format
(PSB), Photoshop Raw (flattened image only), TIFF (up to 4 GB).

Q2) What is a pixel and a pica?

Ans) Pixel: A pixel or dots or picture element is the smallest physical

point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all
points addressable display device. Collection of such points
constitutes the entire image. More the number of pixels, better is
the quality (resolution) of the image.

Pica: A unit of type size and line length equal to 12 points (about 1/6
inch or 4.2 mm)

Q3) What is resolution?

Ans) Resolution is the number of pixels (individual points of color)

contained on a display monitor, expressed in terms of the number of
pixels on the horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis. The
sharpness of the image on a display depends on the resolution and
the size of the monitor. The same pixel resolution will be sharper on
a smaller monitor and gradually lose sharpness on larger monitors
because the same numbers of pixels are being spread out over a
larger number of inches.

Q4) Define color modes: Bitmap, grayscale, duotone, indexed color,

RGB, CMYK, Lab color, Multichannel (8,16 and 32 bits)?
Ans) Bitmap: Bitmap mode uses one of two color values (black or
white) to represent the pixels in an image. Images in Bitmap mode
are called bitmapped 1-bit images because they have a bit depth of
1.

Grayscale: Grayscale mode uses different shades of gray in an image.

In 8-bit images, there can be up to 256 shades of gray. Every pixel of
a grayscale image has a brightness value ranging from 0 (black) to
255 (white). In 16-and 32-bit images, the number of shades in an
image is much greater than in 8-bit images.

Duotone: Duotone mode creates monotone, duotone (two-color),

tritone (three-color), and quad tone (four-color) grayscale images
using one to four custom inks.

Indexed color: When converting to indexed color, Photoshop builds

a color lookup table (CLUT), which stores and indexes the colors in
the image. If a color in the original image does not appear in the
table, the program chooses the closest one or uses dithering to
simulate the color using available colors.

RGB: RGB images use three colors, or channels, to reproduce colors

on screen. In 8-bits-per-channel images, the three channels translate
to 24 (8 bits x 3 channels) bits of color information per pixel. With
24-bit images, the three channels can reproduce up to 16.7 million
colors per pixel. With 48-bit (16-bits-per-channel) and 96-bit (32-bits-
per-channel) images, even more colors can be reproduced per pixel.
In addition to being the default mode for new Photoshop images, the
RGB model is used by computer monitors to display colors. This
means that when working in color modes other than RGB, such as
CMYK, Photoshop converts the CMYK image to RGB for display on
screen.
CMYK: In the CMYK mode, each pixel is assigned a percentage value
for each of the process inks that is cyan, magenta, yellow and black.
The lightest (highlight) colors are assigned small percentages of
process ink colors; the darker (shadow) colors higher percentages.

Lab color: The L*a*b* color model (Lab) is based on the human
perception of color. The numeric values in Lab describe all the colors
that a person with normal vision sees. Because Lab describes how a
color looks rather than how much of a particular colorant is needed
for a device (such as a monitor, desktop printer, or digital camera) to
produce colors, Lab is considered to be a device-independent color
model. Color management systems use Lab as a color reference to
predictably transform a color from one color space to another color
space.

Multichannel: Multichannel mode images contain 256 levels of gray

in each channel and are useful for specialized printing. Multichannel
mode images can be saved in Photoshop, Large Document Format
(PSB), Photoshop 2.0, Photoshop Raw, or Photoshop DCS 2.0
formats.

Q5) What is the meaning of transparent background?

Ans) An image or a piece of clip art that has a transparent

background around it allowing the background of the document
(wherever the image is placed) to show without having a square or a
rectangle area of white (or another color) surrounding the image or
clip art. For transparent background save your work in PNG format.

Q6) What is bits and bytes?

At the smallest scale in the computer, information is stored as bits

and bytes.
Bit:

Bit, like an atom, is the smallest unit of storage

A bit stores just a 0 or 1 value
The computer contains all 0's and 1's
Anything with two separate states can store 1 bit

Byte:

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly

consists of eight bits
byte was the number of bits used to encode a
single character of text in a computer

Q7) What is anti-alias?

Ans) You can smooth the hard edges of a selection by anti-aliasing or

feathering. Anti-aliasing smoothes the jagged edges of a selection by
softening the color transition between edge pixels and background
pixels. Because only the edge pixels change, no detail is lost. Anti-
aliasing is useful when cutting, copying, and pasting selections to
create composite images.

You can select anti-aliasing with the Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic
Lasso, Elliptical Marquee, and Magic Wand tools. To anti-alias, you
must select the Anti-Alias option before making the selection; you
cannot add anti-aliasing to an existing selection.

Q8) What is feather?

Ans)Feather is used to blur the edges of a selection so that you

create a natural-looking transition between the selection and the
background of the image.
 1. Using any selection method, create a selection around the part
of an image you want to lighten.

2. Choose Select Modify Feather; in the Feather dialog box

that appears, enter a value in the Feather Radius text field and
click OK.

Q9) What is refine edge?

Ans) Refine edge command is used to refine the edges of a selection.

Whenever we select any image by any section tool, sometime there
is some area that remains unselected and the edges are too hard to
seem realistic. Elements like hairs, fur etc need to be refined by the
edges to help to select those unselected areas and make them
appears softer and realistic.

The first thing that you will see is the different view modes on which
you can see your image. It helps you see your image in a myriad of
ways and helps you make the best, most realistic selection.
 Marching ants mode: In this mode our selection will be
surrounded by marching ants. Shortcut m

On black mode: In this mode the unselected area is filled with

black color. Shortcut B
 On white mode: In this mode the unselected area is filled with
white color. Shortcut w

On black and white mode: In this mode our selected area is

filled with white and unselected area is filled with black.

On quick mask mode/overlay mode: In this mode our

unselected area is filled with red color. This red color is also
known as mask.

On layer mode: In this mode unselected area becomes

transparent. Shortcut key L

Revel layer mode: It displays your image without any selection.

Shortcut key R

The adjust edge is what is used to refine your edges. Like adjusting
the radius of your selection, feather, contrast, etc.

Q10) What is the difference between magic wand and magnetic

lasso tool?

Ans) Magnetic lasso tool: When you use the Magnetic Lasso tool ,
the border snaps to the edges of defined areas in the image.

Magic Wand: Selects pixels based on tone and color. When we click
on an area in the image with the tool, Photoshop looks at the tone
and color of the area we clicked on and selects pixels that share the
same color and brightness values. This makes the Magic Wand
exceptional at selecting large areas of solid color.

Q11) How to save sliced image?

Select the slice tool and create the slices you wish to on your image.
Go to save for web> Save> Choose "Selected" or "All User Slices"
from the Slices pop-up. You can save different slices in different
formats.

Q12) What is the difference between crop and perspective crop

tool?

Ans) Crop: Cropping is when you remove a portion of your image to

help bring the focus onto a certain part. It's particularly useful for
bring the focus into certain areas in photographs - or if you're like me
- trimming away excess parts of the canvas when you do a project.

Can crop by choosing it either from toolbox or image-crop

Perspective crop: Firstly this tool does not automatically place a crop
box and handles around the image, so the first thing we need to do is
click and drag out an initial crop box. To do that, click in the top left
corner of the photo and with the mouse button held down drag
diagonally down to the bottom right corner of the photo.

A grid also appears inside the crop box. This tool basically helps you
crop images that have a perspective to it.

The grid formed inside the crop box helps us get rid of this problem.

Now drag the corner crop handles left or right until the vertical (up
and down) lines of the grid line up with something in the image that
should be vertically straight and hit enter.
 BEFORE (with perspective)

AFTER (without perspective)

Q13) What is the difference between eyedropper and color sample

tool?
Ans) Eyedropper tool: The Eyedropper tool (the icon in the
Toolbar) is used to sample a color from an image to use this color
further. It's practical as it facilitates color selection, for example, an
appropriate color for the skin or the sky.

When you pick a color with the Eyedropper tool, it appears as the
foreground color in the Toolbar.

If you want to pick a color for the background hold the Alt-key while
selecting the color with the Eyedropper tool.

Color sampler tool: The Eyedroppers cousin, the Color Sampler tool,
looks like an eyedropper with a small target next to the icon. It also
shares the Eyedroppers fly out menu.

The Sampler moniker is kind of misleading because this tool

only measures the colors you click. In addition to merely obtaining
the numeric value of a color, the Color Sampler tool can monitor
changes to your image after you apply color-correction techniques
and filters. It doesnt apply the colors you pick to objects like
eyedropper tool does.

Q14) What is the use of ruler tool and note tool?

Ans) Ruler tool: Helps you position images or elements precisely. The
Ruler tool calculates the distance between any two points in the
workspace. When you measure from one point to another, a
nonprinting line is drawn, and the options bar and Info panel show
the following information:

The starting location (X and Y)

The horizontal (W) and vertical (H) distances traveled from

the x and y axes

The angle measured relative to the axis (A)

 The total length traveled (D1)

The two lengths traveled (D1 and D2), when you use a
protractor

All measurements except the angle are calculated in the unit of

measure currently set in the Units & Rulers preference dialog box.

Note tool: You can use the notes tool to add text notes to a file in
Photoshop. Documents that are annotated in this way can be saved
in the Photoshop (PSD), PDF or TIFF formats. To annotate an open
document, select the notes tool, configure the Notes settings in the
Options bar (Figure 1) and click inside the image window. A note icon
is placed in the document and at the same time the new Notes panel
(Figure 2) will be made active. You can then enter text inside the
Notes panel text box, such as a short description of the retouching
that needs to be carried out on a particular part of the picture. The
text note will remain as a small icon floating above the actual image.
Although viewable in Photoshop, these notes will not appear when
you come to print the image.

Q15) Define spot healing brush, healing brush, patch tool and
content aware move tool.

Ans) Healing brush tool: The Healing Brush tool lets you correct
imperfections, causing them to disappear into the surrounding
image. Like the cloning tools, you use the Healing Brush tool to paint
with sampled pixels from an image or pattern. However, the Healing
Brush tool also matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and
shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. As a result,
the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image.

Sport healing brush tool: The Spot Healing Brush tool quickly
removes blemishes and other imperfections in your photos. The Spot
Healing Brush works similarly to the Healing Brush: it paints with
sampled pixels from an image or pattern and matches the texture,
lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the
pixels being healed. Unlike the Healing Brush, the Spot Healing Brush
doesnt require you to specify a sample spot. The Spot Healing Brush
automatically samples from around the retouched area.

Patch tool: The Patch tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels
from another area or a pattern. Like the Healing Brush tool, the
Patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled
pixels to the source pixels. You can also use the Patch tool to clone
isolated areas of an image. The Patch tool works with 8-bits or
16-bits-per-channel images.

Content aware move tool: Content Aware Move will allow you to
select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image
without the use of layers and masks. All you need to do is select
some pixels, drag them to a new position and let go. Photoshop
CS6 will erase the old selection and move your pixels to your desired
location.

Q16) What is the use of color replacement tool?

With the Color Replacement Tool selected, your mouse cursor will
change into a circle with a small target symbol in the center of it. As
you drag the Color Replacement Tool over your image, Photoshop
continuously samples the color that's directly under the target
symbol in the center of the tool's cursor. This is the color that will be
replaced, and it will be replaced with your current Foreground color.
Any pixels that fall within the larger circle surrounding the target
symbol that match the color being replaced will have their color
changed. For example, if you pass the target symbol over an area of
blue in your photo and your Foreground color is set to red, any blue
pixels that the larger circle passes over will be changed to red.
There's some options we can set in the Options Bar to alter the
behavior of the tool.

Q17) What is the use of clone stamp tool and pattern tool?

Ans) Clone stamp tool: The clone stamp is such a great tool because
it lets you copy from one area of a photo to another using any type
of brush. This can be useful for tricks such as covering up blemishes
(by copying from another part of skin) or removing trees from a
mountain view (by copying parts of the sky over them).

To select the area you want to copy from, move your mouse to the
area you want to duplicate and Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click
(Mac).

The cursor will change to a target. Click the exact spot you want to
start copying from. To retouch your image, click and drag over the
area you want to replace or correct and you will see the area you
selected starts to "cover" your photo. Play around with different
brush settings and try replacing different areas of your photo.

Pattern stamp tool: The Pattern Stamp tool paints with a pattern
defined from your image, another image, or a preset pattern.

From the toolbox, select the Pattern Stamp tool and choose a
pattern from the Pattern pop-up panel in the Tool Options bar. To
load additional pattern libraries, select a library name from the panel
menu, or choose Load Patterns and navigate to the folder where the
library is stored. You can also define your own pattern also.

Set Pattern Stamp tool options in the Tool Options bar, as desired,
and then drag within the image to paint.
Q18) What is the difference between history brush tool and art
history brush tool?

Ans) History brush tool: You can use the History Brush tool to apply
an image area from a different state or snapshot to your current
state. Use this tool to restore a portion of an image to an earlier
state, while leaving the rest of the modified image alone.

- In the History panel, click in the far-left column of the state or

snapshot that you want to use as the source for the History
Brush tool.
- A brush icon appears in the column, indicating that Photoshop
will use this state as the source for the History Brush tool.
- Select the History Brush tool in the Tools panel.
- On the Options bar, select any other brush options that you
want to use such as Brush size and type, Mode, Opacity and
Flow percentages, and Airbrush.
- Select your desired layer in the Layers panel and, in the History
panel, select the state that you want to paint back to.
- Drag with the History Brush tool to paint over the portion of
the image you want to restore.

Art history brush tool: The Art History Brush tool in Adobe
Photoshop Creative Suite 6 is an interesting variation on the plain
old History Brush tool. Both tools paint over an image by using
information from a previous state. The Art History Brush tool,
however, includes several choices on the Options bar that let you
apply brush-stroke effects to your image when you paint:

Style: The Style menu contains various-shaped brush stroke

styles, such as Tight Short, Loose Medium, Dab, or Loose Curl.
 Area: This option controls the area that the paint stroke covers,
independent of the brush size you select. The larger the brush
size, the more area it covers.

Tolerance: This option adjusts the amount of the change

applied to your image. A low tolerance value lets you apply
strokes anywhere in the image, regardless of color values. A
high tolerance value limits Art History strokes to areas that are
very different from the source state or snapshot, making your
image less dramatically different from the original.

Q19) Define background eraser tool and magic eraser tool?

Ans) Background eraser tool: It samples colors as you drag the tool
over an image and erases only those colors that lie within the target
range, leaving all other colors untouched. So if your sky is blue and
your trees are green, the Background Eraser can easily erase the blue
sky while leaving the green trees alone.

With the Background Eraser selected, your mouse cursor will change
into a circle with a small crosshair in the center of it.

Magic eraser tool: When you click in a layer with the Magic Eraser
tool, the tool changes all similar pixels to transparent. If youre
working in a layer with locked transparency, the pixels change to the
background color. If you click in the background, it is converted to a
layer and all similar pixels change to transparent.

You can choose to erase contiguous pixels only or all similar pixels on
the current layer. You can also choose the opacity with which you
wish to erase your colors.

Q20) Write down gradient types

Ans) Linear Gradient

Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line.

Radial Gradient

Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a circular

pattern.

Angular Gradient

Shades in a counterclockwise sweep around the starting point.

Reflected Gradient

Mirrors the same linear gradient on either side of the starting point.

Diamond Gradient

Shades from the middle to the outer corners of a diamond pattern.

Q21) What is the difference between blur, sharpen and smudge
tool?

Ans) Blur - Blurs the area where you paint (The blur tool is useful for
removing small facial blemishes and smoothing out wrinkles).

Sharpen - Increases contrast in the areas where you paint.

Smudge - Blends the pixels where you paint simulating the action of
dragging a finger through wet paint (The smudge tool is grouped
with the retouching tools, but it's actually used more often in
painting. For retouching purposes is can be use to quickly rub out a
minor blemish, touch up the shine on someone's lip stick, and so on).

Q22) Define dodge, burn and sponge tool.

Ans) These tools are known as the toning tools and that should help
you remember the keyboard shortcut of O. As usual, you can toggle
between the three by pressing Shift-O.

Dodge - Lightens pixels where you paint.

Burn - Darkens pixels where you paint.

Sponge - The sponge tool allows you to adjust the color saturation
where you paint. It has two modes: de-saturate and saturate. The
pressure option controls how strong the effect is applied.

De-saturate mode dulls the colors, turning them gray.

Saturate mode intensifies the color, making them brighter.

The dodge and burn tools work best on grayscale images. On color
image the dodge tool will wash out color and details, the burn tool
will just turn the area black or sunburned-looking. In a grayscale
image, these tools are used to lighten shadows or overexposed areas
and to darken underexposed areas.

Q23) Difference between path, shape and pixel in pen tool

Ans) Shape with pen tool: Photoshop is not really known as a

drawing program. It's primarily a photo editor, and photos are made
up of pixels. With this option selected from the options bar when you
create shapes it makes them vector instead of pixel based. This
shape can be edited with the direct selection tool and color can be
filled in it. It behaves like a normal object.

Path with pen tool: A path is really nothing more than an outline of a
shape so when you have path selected in the option bar and you
create a shape, you will notice that what youre creating is basically a
path. This path is independent of the layers, so if you wish to convert
this path to a selection, go to the paths docker, click on the path and
hold down ctrl to convert the path into a selection. You could also
add color to your path to convert it into a shape via new adjustment
layer>Solid color and fill color in it.

Fill pixel with pen tool: The Fill Pixels option is the least interesting
or useful of the three drawing modes because with it selected,
Photoshop simply draws shapes by filling them with colored pixels,
and pixels are not as easily editable or as scalable as vectors.

Unlike Shape layers which get their own layer automatically each
time we draw a new one, if we want a pixel shape to appear on its
own separate layer, we first need to add a new blank layer ourselves.
Moreover as it is made up of pixels, you cant edit the shape you
make with direct selection tool.

Q24) What is text anti-alias?

Ans) Text anti-aliasing can be found in Photoshops Control Bar

(usually located at the top of the screen) when you have the text tool
selected. You can adjust the anti-aliasing by selecting the options in
the drop-down menu. There are four anti-aliasing options, Smooth,
Strong, Crisp and Sharp. Which one you use depends on the size of
your text.

Q25) What is leading and kerning in text?

Leading: Leading is an essential design aspect that determines

how text is spaced vertically in lines. For content that has
multiple lines of readable text, you'll want to make sure the
distance from the bottom of the words above to the top of the
words below has appropriate spacing to make them legible.
Kerning: Kerning also adjusts space, but of the distance between
two letters. Set too closely together, words are indecipherable set
too far apart, and they're awkward to read.

Q26) Difference between direct selection and path selection tool

Ans) Path selection tool: To select a path component (including a

shape in a shape layer), select the Path Selection tool , and click
anywhere inside the path component. If a path consists of several
path components, only the path component under the pointer is
selected. It can quickly move and manipulated any shape with a path
Direct selection tool: To select a path segment, select the Direct
Selection tool , and click one of the segments anchor points, or
drag a marquee over part of the segment. Selects and moves existing
path vector shape, mask segment, anchor point.
Q27) What are vector shapes in Photoshop?

Ans) Vector shapes are present in the toolbar; there are basic shapes
like rectangle, ellipse, rounded rectangle, etc. The beauty of these
vector shapes are that they retain their crisp, sharp edges no matter
how large we make them. And unlike pixels, vector shapes
are resolution-independent. Photoshop places each new vector
shape we draw on its own Shape layer, and if we look in my Layers
panel, we see the shape on a new layer named Shape 1 above the
Background layer. Shape layers are made up of two parts - a color
swatch on the left which displays the current color of the shape and
a vector mask thumbnail to the right of the color swatch which
shows us what the shape currently looks like.
Q28) Define the screen modes

Ans) Standard screen mode: It is Photoshop's default screen mode.

It displays the entire interface, including the Tools panel on the left,
the main pane area on the right, the Menu and Options Bars along
the top, various options, scroll bars and other information for
the document window itself, and more. While the Standard screen
mode does give us quick and easy access to everything we'd need, it
also takes up the most screen real estate.
Full Screen Mode with Menu Bar: If you want to give yourself a bit
more room to work, you can switch to the second of Photoshop's
three screen modes, known as Full Screen Mode With Menu Bar.
There's a few different ways to get to it. First, you can go up to
the View menu in the Menu Bar along the top of the screen,
choose Screen Mode, and then choose Full Screen Mode with Menu
Bar.
Full Screen Mode: To fully maximize your work area, switch to the
third of Photoshop's three screen modes, known simply as Full
Screen Mode. You can select it either by going up to the View menu
at the top of the screen, choosing Screen Mode and then
choosing Full Screen Mode, or just click and hold on the Screen
Mode icon at the bottom of the Tools panel and choose Full Screen
Mode from the fly-out-menu.

Q29) Define open as smart object, mini-bridge, check-in, save for

web and automate and scripts

Ans) Open as smart object: Smart Objects preserve an images

source content with all its original characteristics, enabling you to
perform nondestructive editing to the layer. You can also create
Linked Smart Objects whose contents are referenced from external
image files. The contents of a Linked Smart Object are updated when
its source image file changes.

Perform nondestructive transforms. You can scale, rotate,

skew, distort, perspective transform, or warp a layer without
 losing original image data or quality because the transforms
dont affect the original data.

Work with vector data, such as vector artwork from Illustrator,

that otherwise would be raster in Photoshop.

Mini bridge: Open the Mini Bridge panel by doing any of the
following:

(Photoshop) Choose File > Browse In Mini Bridge.

(Photoshop) Choose Window > Extensions > Mini Bridge.

If the Mini Bridge panel displays the message, "Bridge must be

running to browse files," click the Launch Bridge button.

Navigate to files by clicking the Favorites pop-up menu on the left

side of the panel. You can also view a folder by clicking the folder
name or arrow in the path bar.

Use the Search button to find files based on criteria you specify.

To open or place a file, select its thumbnail in the Mini Bridge panel
and do any of the following:

Drag it into the host application or onto the host application

icon.

Double-click it to open it in its preferred application.

Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) the file and

choose Place or Open With, and then choose an application.

Check-in:

Save for web: This option is mostly used when you wish to save
your work for web. Go to File>Save for web and a window opens.
In the top left corner of the Save for Web window are a series of
 tabs labeled Original, Optimized, 2-Up and 4-Up. By clicking these
tabs, you can switch between a view of your original photo, your
optimized photo (with the Save for Web settings applied to it), or
a comparison of 2 or 4 versions of your photo. Choose 2-Up to
compare the original photo with the optimized one. You will now
see side-by-side copies of your photo. You can play around with
the save settings and choose the format in which you wish to save
your image.

Automate: This command contains many other peripherals. In

File>Automate you can see number of things that you can do. When
you are performing a task again and again like applying drop shadow
to 1000 images, you can choose to automate this process. There are
different ways and techniques that you can follow, actions and batch
being the most common ones. (Discussed in ques 49)

Scripts: Adobe added support for scripting to Photoshop and most of

their other creative tools. Photoshops scripting engine allows you to
write in Apple script, VBScript or JavaScript, and perform complex
operations that would normally require human intervention. These
are also used to automate processes that you do regularly. You can
code according to your needs and create custom processes.

Q30) From where can we write copyright info in any file?

Ans) Copyright info can be given in the file info panel that is in the
file menu. (File>File info)

Change the Copyright Status option to Copyrighted. Once you've

selected Copyrighted, enter your copyright information into
the Copyright Notice field. You'll usually want to include the
copyright symbol followed by the year and then your name. To add
the copyright symbol, on a PC, press and hold your Alt key and
enter 0169 on the numeric keypad of your keyboard.

Q31) What is the use of fade command in edit?

Ans) Immediately after applying just about any filter or adjustment

command and after using many of Photoshops tools, you can adjust
the effect with the Fade command, found under the Edit menu.

With Fade, you can reduce the opacity of the previous command or
tool, thus reducing its impact on your image. You can also change
the blending mode, which alters how the command or tool interacts
with pixel colors prior to your change.

Say, for example, you paint a black stroke with the Brush tool set to
Normal and 100% opacity. Immediately afterward, you choose Edit
Fade Brush. You can then pick a new blending mode and/or reduce
the opacity setting, which changes the painted stroke to appear as if
youd selected the new settings in the Options bar before painting.
Q32) Define content aware fill

Ans) This is used if you wish to remove particular things from your
image.

Just make a selection around the things you wish to remove with any
selection tool and choose Edit>Fill and from the Use menu, choose
Content-Aware. Click OK and Photoshop fills the selection with
surrounding pixels and blends them. The voodoo it uses to fill your
selection is random and changes each time you use the command. So
if at first you don't succeed, try choosing Edit>Fill again. Press
Command-D (PC: Ctrl-D) to deselect. Here's the final result, with
plenty of room for text.
Q33) Define content aware scale

Ans) Content-Aware Scale resizes an image without changing

important visual content such as people, buildings, animals, and so
forth. While normal scaling affects all pixels uniformly when resizing
an image, content-aware scaling mostly affects pixels in areas that
dont have important visual content. Content-Aware Scale lets you
upscale or downscale images to improve a composition, fit a layout,
or change the orientation. If you want to use some normal scaling
when resizing your image, there is an option for specifying a ratio of
content-aware scaling to normal scaling.

If you want to preserve specific areas when scaling an image,

Content-Aware Scale lets you use an alpha channel to protect
content during resizing.
Q34) What is puppet warp?

Ans) Puppet Warp acts as a lighter weight Liquefy filter. This

command enables you to distort specific areas of an image via a
mesh overlay and the placement of pins.

You can apply a Puppet Warp on regular layers, shape layers, type
layers, Smart Objects, and even vector masks. Heres how:

Select your desired layer in the Layers panel.

Choose Edit>Puppet Warp.

On the Options bar, specify your desired settings:

Mode: Determines the elasticity of the mesh. Distort will give you an
ultra-stretchy mesh, while Rigid will do the opposite.

Density: Specifies the spacing of the mesh, where small changes in

moving the pins result in larger warps. Rigid is the opposite and
recommended when your object is stiffer, as with human
appendages.

Expansion: Expand or contract the outer edges of the mesh.

Show Mesh: Deselect to display only the pins, and not the mesh.

On your image, click to add a pin to an area you want to distort

or anchor.
Drag a selected pin to warp the mesh

Q35) Define transformation:

Ans) Transforming scales, rotates, skews, stretches, or warps an

image. You can apply transformations to a selection, an entire layer,
multiple layers, or a layer mask. You can also apply transformations
to a path, a vector shape, a vector mask, a selection border, or an
alpha channel. Transforming affects image quality when you
manipulate the pixels.
Enlarges or reduces an item relative to its reference point, the fixed
point around which transformations are performed. You can scale
horizontally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically.

Rotate

Turns an item around a reference point. By default, this point is at

the center of the object; however, you can move it to another
location.

Skew:Slants an item vertically and horizontally.

Distort: Stretches an item in all directions.

Perspective: Applies one-point perspective to an item.

Warp: Manipulates the shape of an item.

Rotate 180, Rotate 90 CW, and Rotate 90 CCW: Rotates the item by
the specified number of degrees, either clockwise or
counterclockwise.

Flip: Flips the item vertically or horizontally.

Q36) How to make our own pattern?

Ans)

Take a new page, it should be small (in terms of height x width).

Image you are creating will duplicate itself to form your pattern
in the later stage.
Then define it as pattern so it can be used at anytime.
Select Edit ->Define Pattern.
Create a new canvas to try out the custom pattern. With your
new canvas selected, Select Edit -> Fill.
In the Fill dialog box, select Pattern from the dropdown, find
the pattern youve just created in Custom Pattern and click OK.
 Or layer name -> Blending Options, Check Pattern Overlay,
select your pattern or you could use the clone stamp tool.

Q 37) Difference between revert and purge?

Ans) Revert: Replaces your current file with the last saved version of
the file, effectively wiping out everything youve done since you last
saved the file. You can revert to the last version of the file by
choosing File Revert

Purge: If you want to free the memory that the Undo command uses,
choose Edit Purge Undo. If the item is gray, the buffer is already
empty. You cant undo this action, so do it only if Photoshop is acting
sluggish.

Q38) What is the use of remote connections?

Ans) The Photoshop Connect upgrade allows apple touch

applications to connect to Photoshop or Photoshop Elements and
function as an extension of Photoshop on your phone. This requires
either Photoshop CS5 or later, and a local area network shared by
both your PC running Photoshop, and your iOS device. A typical
home wireless network should be all you need.

To connect any of these apps to Photoshop it just takes a minute and

here are the steps:

1) Open up Photoshop and in the Edit menu go to Remote

Connections.
2) Enter in a name for this connection, password and check the
box Enable Remote Connections.

Q39) What is the use of assign and convert to profile?

Ans) Assign Profile: Assign Profile lets you tag an image with a
specified profile or un-tag an image by removing its profile. It doesn't
do any conversions; it simply attaches a description (an
interpretation) to the numbers in the image, or removes one. We
mainly find Assign Profile useful when we're trying to decide what
profile should be attached to an untagged document. Unlike the
profile assignment in the Missing Profile dialog, Assign Profile lets
you preview the results of applying various profiles. This gives you
the opportunity to make an educated guess rather than a blind one.

Convert to Profile: As its name suggests, lets you convert the current
working space to any other profiled space, with full control over how
the conversion is done.

The Convert to Profile dialog gives you full control over color
conversions. You can choose the destination space, engine, and
rendering intent.

The Convert to Profile dialog displays the source profile and lets you
specify a destination profile and other options. It includes the
Preview check box so that you can see the effects of the conversion
before you actually do it.

Q40) How to change keyboard shortcuts and software settings?

Ans) Keyboard shortcuts can be changed by going to Edit>Keyboard

shortcuts. You can make your own custom shortcuts rather than
following the default ones.

Software settings can be changed from Edit>Preferences.

Q41) What is the difference between canvas and image size?

Ans) Canvas size: To resize the your canvas in Photoshop, is to

change the current size of the document your working on, but not
the image itself. You can resize your canvas and whatever images
you have (or text, etc) on your document will all stay the same size.
You are simply making your canvas bigger or smaller, allowing for
more or less room. (Image>Canvas size)

Image size: This setting affects the size of your image. When you go
to Image>Image size your default image size will be listed. When you
change the width (or height), the opposite sizing option
automatically adjusts. So if I switch the width from 1800 pixels to
1900 the height will automatically change. This is to help keep
proportion to your picture and not completely screw up the
quality. Hit okay when you are done.

Q42) What is the difference between crop and trim?

Ans) Crop: Cropping is when you remove a portion of your image to

help bring the focus onto a certain part. It's particularly useful for
bring the focus into certain areas in photographs - or trimming away
excess parts of the canvas when you do a project. Crop works with
empty background

Crop by choosing it either from toolbox or image>crop

Trim: The trim feature works to crop out unwanted parts of your
images, but has more advanced options than just the crop tool alone.
This works incredibly well for those who prefer to work on large
canvases and size down later on. The most notable thing about the
trim tool is that it has the option of trimming out transparent pixels,
top left pixel, and bottom right pixels. It is great for making projects,
such as buttons for websites, more compact.

Trim does not works with empty backgrounds, it only works on

objects that are filled with solid or transparent color.

Q43) What are variables, calculations and trap?

Variables: Data-driven graphics make it possible to produce multiple

versions of an image quickly and accurately for print or web projects.
For example, you can produce 100 versions of a web banner with
different text and images, all based on a template design.

Follow these general steps to create graphics from templates and

data sets:

Create the base graphic to use as the template.

Use layers to separate the elements that you want to change in
the graphic.
Define variables in the graphic. Variables specify the parts of
the image that change.
Create or import the data sets. You can create the data sets in
the template, or import them from a text file.
Preview the document with each data set.
To see how your final graphics will look, you can preview
before you export all the files.
Generate your graphics by exporting them with the data.
You can export them as Photoshop (PSD) files.

Calculations: The Calculations command lets you blend two

individual channels from one or more source images. You can then
apply the results to a new image or to a new channel or selection in
the active image. You cannot apply the Calculations command to
composite channels.
1. Open the source image or images.

2. Choose Image > Calculations.

3. To preview the results in the image window, select Preview.

4. Choose the first source image, layer, and channel. To use all the
layers in the source image, choose Merged for layer.

5. To use the negative of the channel contents in the calculation,

select Invert. For Channel, choose Gray if you want to duplicate
the effect of converting the image to grayscale.

6. Choose the second source image, layer, and channel, and

specify options.

7. For Blending, choose a blending mode.

8. Enter an Opacity value to specify the effects strength.

9. For Result, specify whether to place the blending results in a

new document or in a new channel or selection in the active
image.

Trap: When working with special colors, you have to make sure
they will trap properly with one another or with the existing color
channels. Trap refers to overlapping areas of color in such a way
that if a color becomes misaligned during the printing process,
there is sufficient color information between the different colors
to prevent a gap through which the white of the paper or another
color in the image might poke out where it isn't suppose to. Your
eye can really be drawn to an area that has a poor trap.
Q44) Define all types of masking

Clip masking: A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a

mask is applied. The bottommost layer, or base layer, defines
the visible boundaries of the entire group. For example,
suppose you have a shape in the base layer, a photograph in
the layer above it, and text in the topmost layer. If the
photograph and text appear only through the shape outline in
the base layer, they also take on the opacity of the base layer.

Quick masking: To use Quick Mask mode to create and edit

selections quickly, start with a selection and then add to or
subtract from it to make the mask. You can also create the
mask entirely in Quick Mask mode. Color differentiates the
protected and unprotected areas. When you leave Quick Mask
mode, the unprotected areas become a selection. Use Quick
Mask mode to convert a selection to a temporary mask for
easier editing. The Quick Mask appears as a colored overlay
with adjustable opacity. You can edit the Quick Mask using any
painting tool or modify it with a filter. Once you exit Quick
Mask mode, the mask is converted back to a selection on the
image.

Layer masking: You can use masks to hide portions of a layer

and reveal portions of the layers below. You can edit a layer
mask to add or subtract from the masked region. A layer mask
is a grayscale image, so areas you paint in black are hidden,
areas you paint in white are visible, and areas you paint in
shades of gray appear in various levels of transparency. Layer
masks are resolution-dependent bitmap images that are edited
with the painting or selection tools.
 Channel masking: Analyze your existing channels to find a
suitable candidate to use to create a duplicate channel. This is
usually the channel with the most contrast between what you
want and dont want. For instance, in this example, the Blue
channel provided the most contrast between the windmills and
the sky and the background, allowing easier masking of the
windmills and sky.

To duplicate the channel, drag your desired channel thumbnail to the

New Channel icon at the bottom of the Channels panel. After you
duplicate the channel, it then becomes an alpha channel and is
named (channel) copy.

Steps for channel masking:

- Make sure the alpha channel is selected in the Channels

panel and choose ImageAdjustmentsLevels.

- Select a tool, such as the Brush or Eraser tool, and paint and
edit the alpha channel to refine the mask.

- When you complete the mask, click the Load Channel as

Selection icon (the dotted circle icon on the far left) at the
bottom of the Channels panel. Then, click your composite
channel at the top of the list of channels. This step loads
your mask as a selection, giving you that familiar selection
outline. You can also use the keyboard shortcut: Ctrl-click
directly on the alpha channel to load the mask as a selection.
Make sure your marquee selection is surrounding what you
want selected. If not, choose Select@Inverse. Your
selection is now ready to go.

- You can leave it within the original image, or drag and drop it
onto another image with the Move tool.
 Alpha masking: Masks are stored in alpha channels. Masks and
channels are grayscale images, so you can edit them like any
other image with painting tools, editing tools, and filters. Areas
painted black on a mask are protected, and areas painted white
are editable. To save a selection more permanently, you can
store it as an alpha channel. The alpha channel stores the
selection as an editable grayscale mask in the Channels panel.
Once you store the selection as an alpha channel, you can
reload it at any time or even load it into another image. Alpha
channels are a way of saving selections that can be loaded at
any time. In addition, they can be edited with painting tools like
a grayscale mask.

Vector masking: You can use masks to hide portions of a layer

and reveal portions of the layers below. Vector masks are
resolution independent and are created with a pen or
shape tool. Layer and vector masks are nondestructive, which
means you can go back and re-edit the masks later without
losing the pixels they hide.

Q45) What is the use of rasterize layer and smart layer?

Ans) Rasterize layer: Rasterizing a Photoshop layer converts a vector

layer to pixels. Vector layers create graphics using lines and curves so
they maintain their clarity when you enlarge them, but this format
leaves them unsuitable for artistic effects that use pixels.

Smart layer: Smart Objects are layers that contain image data from
raster or vector images, such as Photoshop or Illustrator files. Smart
Objects preserve an image's source content with all its original
characteristics, enabling you to perform nondestructive editing to
the layer. (Ques 29 for detail)

Q46) Define alignment- align top edges, bottom edges, vertical

centers, left edges, horizontal center, right edges, distribute top
edges, vertical centers, bottom edges, left edges, right edges,
horizontal centers, auto align layers.

Ans) Choose Layer > Align or Layer > Align Layers to Selection, and
choose a command from the submenu. These same commands are
available as Alignment buttons in the Move tool options bar.

Top Edges: Aligns the top pixel on the selected layers to the topmost
pixel on all selected layers, or to the top edge of the selection
border.

Vertical Centers: Aligns the vertical center pixel on each selected

layers to the vertical center pixel of all the selected layers, or to the
vertical center of the selection border.

Bottom Edges: Aligns the bottom pixel on the selected layers to the
bottommost pixel on selected layers, or to the bottom edge of the
selection border.

Left Edges: Aligns the left pixel on the selected layers to the left pixel
on the leftmost layer, or to the left edge of the selection border.

Horizontal Centers: Aligns the horizontal center pixel on the selected

layers to the horizontal center pixel of all the selected layers, or to
the horizontal center of the selection border.

Right Edges: Aligns the right pixel on the linked layers to the
rightmost pixel on all selected layers, or to the right edge of the
selection border.
Choose Layer > Distribute and choose a command. Alternatively,
select the Move tool and click a distribution button in the options
bar.

Top Edges: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the top pixel of
each layer.

Vertical Centers: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the vertical
center pixel of each layer.

Bottom Edges: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the bottom
pixel of each layer.

Left Edges: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the left pixel of
each layer.

Horizontal Centers: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the

horizontal center of each layer.

Right Edges: Spaces the layers evenly, starting from the right pixel on
each layer.

The Auto-Align Layers command can automatically align layers based

on similar content in different layers, such as corners and edges. You
assign one layer as a reference layer, or let Photoshop automatically
choose the reference layer. Other layers are aligned to the reference
layer so that matching content overlays itself.

Q47) Define proof setup, proof colors, gamut warning, pixel aspect
ratio, extras, shapes and guides
 Ans) Proof setup: Adobe Photoshop Creative Suite 6 allows you
to preview onscreen how your image will look on a variety of
output devices. First, chooseView Proof Setup and select
your desired setup. The Working options are based on the
working spaces you specified in the Color Settings dialog box:

Legacy Macintosh RGB: Display your image as itll appear on a

standard Macintosh monitor running Mac OS 10.5 or earlier.

Internet Standard RGB (s RGB): Display your image as itll

appear on a standard Windows monitor or a Macintosh
monitor running Mac OS 10.6 or earlier.

Monitor RGB: Allows you to view the image by using your

current monitors color space. This setting essentially turns off
your RGB working space and lets you see the image without
any color management.

Custom: Allows you to choose a specific device. For example,

choosing U.S. web Coated (SWOP) v2, from the Device to
simulate drop-down menu, lets you to see how your RGB
images will look when theyre converted to CMYK for printing.

Proof color: After you select your setup, choose View Proof
Colors to view the image in your chosen working space. For the
most reliable results, use a good-quality monitor and set up a
good viewing environment. Keep in mind that although soft
proofing is a good thing, its no substitute for a good-quality hard-
copy proof. Some things such as the quality of paper, certain
inks, etc. cant be accurately simulated onscreen.

Photoshop also offers two proof setup settings to view how

images will appear to those who are colorblind. Color Blindness
Protanopia mimics red-green colorblindness with less
 sensitivity to red light. Color Blindness Deuteranopia mimics
red-green color blindness with less sensitivity to green light.

Gamut warning: Printers can only display a limited range of

colors, known as their gamut. Photoshop can provide warnings for
image colors that lie outside your printer's gamut via soft
proofing. Photoshop soft proofing provides the tools needed to
identify out of gamut colors. To use it, go to the View >> Proof
Setup >> Custom menu and select your target printer profile.
Check the box for "Black Point Compensation," but make sure
that "Preserve RGB Numbers" is not checked. The Display Options
at the bottom of the window can be set at your discretion. Some
profiles provide data to better handle simulation of paper color
than others. Rendering Intent is a complicated subject, but in
general you only want to consider "Perceptual" or "Relative
Colorimetric." The former will compress the overall gamut of an
image evenly so that out of gamut colors will blend in better with
their surroundings, while the latter maps out of gamut colors to
their nearest in-gamut color while leaving colors that do fit more
or less alone.

Pixel aspect ratio: The Pixel Aspect Ratio is simply a fancy way of
saying what the length of one side of a pixel is in relation to the
length of the other. If the ratio is 1:1 it means that each side of the
pixel is the same length as the other, in other words the pixel is a
square. If the ratio is 2:1 it means that one side is twice the length of
the other.

Extras: Guides, grids, selection edges, slices, and text baselines are
examples of nonprinting Extras that help you select, move, or edit
objects. You can enable or disable any combination of Extras without
affecting the image. You can also show or hide enabled Extras to
clean up the workspace.

Do one of the following:

To show or hide all enabled Extras, choose View > Extras.

(A check mark appears next to enabled Extras in the Show
submenu.)

To enable and show an individual Extra, choose View >

Show, and select the Extra from the submenu.

To enable and show all available Extras, choose View >

Show > All.

To disable and hide all Extras, choose View > Show >
None.

To enable or disable groups of Extras, choose View >

Show > Show Extra Options.

Snap guides: Snapping helps with precise placement of selection

edges, cropping marquees, slices, shapes, and paths. However, if
snapping prevents you from correctly placing elements, you can
disable it. In this case the object you create will get snapped to
guides.

48) Difference between fit on screen and actual size

Ans) Fit on Screen makes your current image fill as much of the
screen as possible. This is frequently the optimal way to view a
picture during editing. Bouncing to this view quickly is essential.
Keyboard Shortcut: CMD+0

Mouse Shortcut: Double click the Hand Tool

(But this is not the actual size of your image.)

Actual size: It is the actual print size of the image. According to how
the Print Size view mode is supposed to work, Photoshop should
instantly jump to whatever zoom level is needed for the image to
appear on the screen as the same size it will print.

Q49) Define Dockers, action, adjustment, brush, channels,

character, character style, color, histogram, history, info, layers,
navigator, notes, paragraph, paths, properties, swatches and
timeline.

Ans) Dockers: Dockers are windows that float on the right hand side
of your workstation which opens from the Window menu. Layers,
paths, adjustments, swatches, etc are all different dockers that can
accessed easily if you open them and make them float on your
workstation.

Action: For tasks you perform frequently, you can easily record a
number of actions to help you work more efficiently.

Open a file.
In the Actions panel, click the Create New Action button , or
choose New Action from the Actions panel menu.
Enter an action name, select an action set, and set additional
options
Click Begin Recording. The Begin Recording button in the
Actions panel turns red .
Perform the operations and commands you want to record.
 To stop recording, either click the Stop Playing/Recording
button, or choose Stop Recording from the Actions panel
menu, or press the Esc key.

Not all tasks in actions can be recorded directly; however, you can
insert most non recordable tasks using commands in the Actions
panel menu.

Adjustment: The tools for making color and tonal adjustments can
be found in the Adjustments panel. Clicking a tool icon both selects
an adjustment and automatically creates an adjustment layer. The
adjustments you make using the controls and options in the
Adjustments panel create nondestructive adjustment layers.

The Properties panel has a Presets menu with the adjustment

presets. Presets are available for Levels, Curves, Exposure,
Hue/Saturation, Black & White, Channel Mixer, and Selective Color.
Clicking a preset applies it to the image using an adjustment layer.

Brush: The Brush panel is used to define the brush attributes for the
brush tip shape as well as things like how the opacity of the brush is
applied when painting. In the default view the Brush panel displays
the Brush Tip Shape.
Channels: The Channels panel lists all channels in the image
composite channel first (for RGB, CMYK, and Lab images). A
thumbnail of the channels contents appears to the left of the
channel name; the thumbnail is automatically updated as you edit
the channel.
Character: One way to access the Character panel in Photoshop is by
going up to the Window menu in the Menu Bar along the top of the
screen or with the Type Tool selected, is to click on the small
Character and Paragraph panels toggle icon in the Options Bar. You
can style all the text characters like font, size, etc.

Character style: By creating a character style, you can save the

attributes of the text only, leaving out attributes for paragraphs such
as leading and paragraph space before and after, indents, and so on.
Character styles are useful when you want to make only selected
words boldface or italic.

1. Using the Type tool, select a word in the text that you created.

2. Modify some of the attributes of the text change the text to

bold or italic by using the Options bar at the top of the
workspace.

3. Choose Windows Character Styles to open the Character

Style panel.

4. Click the Create New Character Style button at the bottom of

the Character Style panel.

5. Double-click the Character Style 1 that was created.

6. Change the style name to Bold and click OK.

Color: (Shortcut F6) Opens up the color panel which displays all
colors in 2 ways, swatches and spectrum.

The Color panel (Window > Color) displays the color values for the
current foreground and background colors. Using the sliders in the
Color panel, you can edit the foreground and background colors
using different color models. You can also choose a foreground or
background color from the spectrum of colors displayed in the color
ramp at the bottom of the panel.

Histogram: A histogram illustrates how pixels in an image are

distributed by graphing the number of pixels at each color intensity
level. The histogram shows detail in the shadows, mid-tones, and
highlights. A histogram can help you determine whether an image
has enough detail to make a good correction.
The histogram also gives a quick picture of the tonal range of the
image, or the image key type. A low-key image has detail
concentrated in the shadows. A highkey image has detail
concentrated in the highlights. And, an average-key image has detail
concentrated in the mid-tones. An image with full tonal range has
some pixels in all areas. Identifying the tonal range helps determine
appropriate tonal corrections.

History: You can use the History panel to jump to any recent state of
the image created during the current working session. Each time you
apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to
the panel.

For example, if you select, paint, and rotate part of an image, each of
those states is listed separately in the panel. When you select one of
the states, the image reverts to how it looked when that change was
first applied. You can then work from that state.

You can also use the History panel to delete image states and, in
Photoshop, to create a document from a state or snapshot.

To display the History panel, choose Window > History, or click the
History panel tab.

Info: The Info panel shows the color values beneath the pointer and,
depending on the tool in use, gives other useful information. The
Info panel also displays a hint on using the selected tool, gives
document status information, and can display 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit
values.

Layers: Each time we open a new image in Photoshop; the image

opens in its own document and is placed on a single layer. Photoshop
represents layers in the document as rows in the Layers panel, with
each layer getting its own row. Each row gives us various bits of
information about the layer. Layers are useful for easy navigation
and manipulation of the different objects/images placed in those
layers.

Navigator: While there are various tools and plenty of methods for
panning & zooming an image my favorite is still the Navigator Panel.
If youre not in the habit of customizing your workspace or moving
the panels around, youve probably never given the Navigator Panel
much thought. At first glance it doesnt look all that impressive, but
the trick is using it with a second monitor while sizing it really large.

You see the Navigator Panel not only provides a way to zoom in &
out of your image, but it shows your location within the image.
When used with a second monitor, you have an immediate birds eye
view while making adjustments.

Notes: Answer 14

Paragraph: Contains various styles that can be applied to a

paragraph, such as alignment (left, right, center, justify) and indents
(left, right, first line).
Paths: The Paths panel (Window > Paths) lists the name and a
thumbnail image of each saved path, the current work path, and the
current vector mask. Turning thumbnails off can improve
performance. To view a path, you must first select it in the Paths
panel.

Properties: The Properties panel enables you to add, edit, and

manage your layer, vector, and filter masks. Here are the features in
this panel that may assist you in getting your mask exactly the way
you want it.

Swatches: The Swatches panel (Window > Swatches) stores colors

that you use often. You can add or delete colors from the panel or
display different libraries of colors for different projects.

To choose a foreground color, click a color in the Swatches

panel.
To choose a background color, Ctrl-click (Windows) or
Command-click (Mac OS) a color in the Swatches panel
Timeline: To animate layer content in timeline mode, you set key
frames in the Timeline panel, as you move the current-time indicator
to a different time/frame, and then modify the position, opacity, or
style of the layer content. Photoshop automatically adds or modifies
a series of frames between two existing framesvarying the layer
properties (position, opacity, and styles) evenly between the new
frames to create the appearance of movement or transformation.

Q50) Define locks in layer panel- lock transparent pixel, lock image
pixel, lock position and lock all.

Ans) Lock Transparent Pixels: Confines editing to the opaque

portions of the layer. This option is equivalent to the Preserve
Transparency option in earlier versions of Photoshop.

Lock Image Pixels: Prevents modification of the layers pixels using

the painting tools.

Lock Position: Prevents the layers pixels from being moved.

Lock all: Locks everything of the layer

Q51) Difference between opacity and fill in layers docker

Ans) When we set the Opacity value for a selected layer, the change
applies to the entire layer. This means that any layer styles and
blending mode for that layer are also affected.

When we set the Fill value, only painted pixels and vector items are
affected, layer styles and blending mode remain same.

Q52) What is the use of link layers?

You can link two or more layers or groups. Unlike multiple layers
selected at the same time, linked layers retain their relationship until
you unlink them. You can move or apply transformations to linked
layers.

1. Select the layers or groups in the Layers panel.

2. Click the link icon at the bottom of the Layers panel.