Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Forrest Rhoads
Professor Jessica Alzen
California Baptist University
English 123
20 May 2017
Youth Incarnation: An Annotated Bibliography
(1) Brannon, James M. "The Mistaken Goals of Adolescence in Residential Group
Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 1989, p. 376.
EBSCOhost,
libproxy.calbaptist.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=t
study was examined to get a better understanding why juveniles have certain
behaviors. The study included 150 male youth incarcerated in a state youth
treatment facility. All the juveniles were a diverse group aging from 13-19 and the
average age was 16.1 years old. They were all committed to the facility for
various offences but were all excluded from community service because they
were labeled inappropriate. The results of the test were that 28 percent of the
juveniles tried to use misbehavior to resist the treatment for their offence. Eight
percent of the youth resisted treatment, 13 percent of the youth attempted to gain
attention and change the focus of the therapy by giving graphic examples or
trying to charm or flatter their therapist. Another seven percent of the group tried
The article then describes the types of misbehaviors used by the juveniles. For
stubborn. Another category is revenge and this is hurtful, rude, and destructive
Teens with inadequacy tend to quit easy, escape daily problems through substance
abuse, and drop out of school. This case study is important to my research paper
because it shows what juveniles try to do to resist treatment. I can use this to find
(2) Caldwell, Michael F. and Gregory J. Van Rybroek. "Reducing Violence in Serious
treatment program. The treatment group was compared to a similar group that was
compared to another group that was not treated. They were all sent to the program
from a juvenile detention facility where they all received the standard treatment.
The results show a reduction in reoffending in the group after controlling the at
risk and other variables. A statistic in the study was found by Caldwell and Van
likely to commit violent offenses as were treated youth (44% vs. 23%)
intensive treatment). This article and case study is important because it shows that
(3) Goodwin, Michele, Grossman Ellie. How Mass Incarceration Trickles Down To
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michele-goodwin/when-mass-incarceration-
t_b_11554242.html This news article form the Hoffington Post describes how the
United Sates is the only country that had kids serving life sentences. In this article
it says, Notwithstanding the fact that in 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
mandatory life sentences without the possibility for parole were unconstitutional
for children, thousands remain locked up without the possibility of release. Prior
to the Courts ruling, the United States was the only nation to imprison children
for life without parole. (Goodwin, How Mass Incarceration Trickles Down To
Children). As a nation, we have forgotten about the children that have been
locked up. There are many girls within the juvenile system that are convicted of
crimes that they have been forced into. For example, girls that have been sex
trafficked and are victims not criminals. This article also describes how the nation
tends to have harsher punishments for children that are another race than white
and kids with disabilities. For example the article states, A Texas study revealed
that when accounting for the same behaviors, African American kids were nearly
three times more likely to receive an out-of-school suspension for their first
offense. For Latino students, they were twice as likely as white students to be
removed from school for their first offense. On the other hand, whites were more
that had HDHD was hogged tied and placed into a cop car and taken to a mental
intuition without his parents even called. As a nation, we need to find other ways
(4) Grietens, Hans and Walter Hellinckx. "Evaluating Effects of Residential Treatment
facilities for juveniles that have committed crimes. It was divided up into three
studies from North America and two from Europe. The combination of the studies
came up with stats of positive results. For example, All metaanalyses reported
positive mean effect sizes, with d statistics varying from 0.09 to 0.31, and an
study ruined the false statement the nothing works and needs to be replaced
placed into specific context per offence. Future research needs to be done on
European strategies and their effective programs. This article is important because
it shows that Europe is using programs to rehabilitate their inmates and the effects
are working. This is why prison populations are lower than the United States in
(5) Hoge, Robert D, et all. From Juvenile Delinquency to Young Adult Offending
https://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/Pages/delinquency-to-adult-offending.aspx.
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This article examines and studies what age group is more likely to commit a
violent crime. Most states mark legal transition from child to adult hood at 18
some researchers are being to question this approach. The National Institute of
Justice held a study group to look at the differences between the youth that
commit crimes and the ones that do not. They also examined the early adults that
have committed a crime and put together some facts about the two. The study
results came up with an age curve that starts from late child hood, (ages 9-14)
peeks in teen years (15-19) and drops off in the early 20s. This curve tends to
peek later than property crimes and girls tend to peek earlier than boys. The curve
19 percent in the next five years .However, there are large individual
differences at play. Juveniles who start offending before age 12 are more likely to
Delinquency to Young Adult Offending). This article on this case study explains
what age group is most likely to commit a crime. This will be useful in my
(6) Jacobson, Julie, Schiraldi, Vincent. What Mass Incarceration Looks Like for
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/11/opinion/what-mass-incarceration-looks-
like-for-juveniles.html?_r=1. This article from The New York Times is about how
Washington D.C, then later in New York City. The corrections department in
Washington for had been under court order for unconstitutional conditions for the
previous 19 years. These court orders were for beatings of children, un sanitary
conditions and drugs being used in the facilities. There was sexual harassment and
even staff marring an inmate shortly after he was released from one of the
facilities. There were female staff that were forced into performing sexually for
their supervisors and threatened of they refused. Vincent had to turn the
based programs and weeded out the bad employees. In the article he says,
Cleaning this up was no mean feat. When a boy complained that he had been
savagely and publicly beaten by a staff member (the medical staff said his
bruising was consistent with his account), only a single corrections officer came
that his testimony during an arbitration hearing was shaky and deemed not
Juveniles) The problem in New York was that the probation officers were
were just going to just be rearrested anyways. To things surprised him while
taking this role. One, bad conditions of intuitions are common and people tend to
ignore it. He sates Since 1970, systemic violence, abuse and excessive use of
the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, according to the Annie E. Casey
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that time, there have been 57 lawsuits in these jurisdictions resulting in court-
for Juveniles). The second thing major surprise was that he liked and a lot of his
staff. Vincent says, Yet many of the churchgoing people on my staff were
ostensibly very friendly people who, despite their silence, believed they were
advancing public safety. They attended our football games and plays and cheered
the youths on, sitting in the stands with their parents. They were the good guys,
Mass Incarceration Looks Like for Juveniles). He believes that change within the
system is increasing but it is not happening fast enough. This article will allow me
to show why mass incarnation for juveniles is a bad idea. I was allow me to
describe how and why I make it worse to just lock them up.
(7) Pierre, Robert. Adult System Worsens Juvenile Recidivism, Report Says
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/29/
adult and are housed in adult prisons are more likely to commit more heinous
crimes. The Centers for Disease Control and prevention had a panel of experts
study and examine if this type of punishment is affective. However they have
found that these laws have not be effective and have been ineffective in
rehabilitating the youth in this setting. One of the members of the panel Robert L
Johnson said, "Not only does it not deter youth crime, it actually makes them
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more violent," Johnson continues. "It may save our desire to punish. But don't get
that confused with rehabilitation. Don't make the mistake of believing that
Recidivism, Report Says). The panel followed six separate studies that took place
across our nation and found that juveniles that were sent directly to adult jails or
prisons were 37 percent more likely to commit felonies. For example, Most law
on this issue is made at the state level, and there is much disparity in the treatment
the crime, at 17. Others have a hearing before a juvenile judge. Some
jurisdictions, including the District, allow for 16- and 17-year-olds accused of
crimes such as rape or murder to be sent directly to the adult system ((Pierre,
Adult System Worsens Juvenile Recidivism, Report Says). This news article from
the Washington Post is important because it shows that our justice system needs
to find better ways to handle the youth that have committed crimes. Just because a
teenager of the age of 17 has committed a serious crime does not mean he or she
has been taught or know it is wrong. The crime that they have committed could
have happened to them growing up. They could have witnessed a family member
or friend do the same crime and that is why they feel like its ok.
(8) Tarolla, Susan M., et al. "Understanding and Treating Juvenile Offenders: A Review
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available evidence regarding key issues within treatment of juveniles. The first
issue is the root cause or disease or condition of the individual. The routine and
long term negative outcomes are explained. The second key issues are factors that
are associated with treatment is discussed. Lastly, the most commonly used
intervention and strategies are discussed. These include family and systems,
parent and social skill training, behavior, group counseling, wilderness programs,
and boot camps. This also gives a description future directions and gaps in
knowledge. I will be able to use this to describe how the different stages of
treatment are used and what is to come in the future for individuals that need
treatment.
(9) Tripodi, Stephen J. and Kimberly Bender. "Substance Abuse Treatment for Juvenile
Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 39, no. 3, May 2011, pp. 246-252. EBSCOhost,
and marijuana up to the year 2010. The results are that treatment on alcohol and
Training. This study will be good to use in my paper because it shows what
(10) Wyler, Grace. Mass Incarceration in America Vice. 25 July 2014. Web. 20 May
2017https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mass-incarceration-in-america. This
news article about how the United States has a huge problem with the amount of
people that are incarcerated. In America, we have the highest number of prisoners
that are serving life sentences and the most populated jails and prison. Dated back
in July of 2014 more than one out of every 100 Americans is behind bars, and
the US has the largest prison population in the world (Wyler, Mass
Incarceration in America). There are more people in prison in some states than
there are in entire countries. For example, Ohio has a population of 11.6 million
approximately 75,000 Prisoners has 192.1 million people. In the article Wyler
states, Other than the United States, most of the countries with high incarceration
rates have had a very recent social trauma," Wagner added. New York has the
same incarceration rate as Rwanda and there has not been a massive genocide in
New York State. The irony is that New York actually used to have a much higher
rate of incarceration. It's actually one of the grand exceptions in the country, of a
state that has been reducing its prison population." (Wyler, Mass Incarceration in
America) This gives us a picture of how bad and over populated our jails and
prisons are. The news article continues and talks about how governors are now
stressed into looking at lowering drug sentences and look for more cost-effective
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offenders and allow them to parole earlier than the sentencing they were given.